Health and Health Services in British Malaya in the 1920s

Modern Asian Studies

Volumn 23, Issue 1, 1989, Pages 49-71

  Parmer, J Norman ^a  

^a TRINITY UNIVERSITY   (United States)

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 84928851098     PISSN: 0026749X     EISSN: 14698099     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0026749X00011410     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. J. G. Reid, ‘Maternal Mortality Among South Indian Estate Women’, Journal of the Malaya Branch, British Medical Association, vol. 4, no. 1, June 1940, p. 20.
2. For example, Lenore, Manderson. ‘Health Services and the Legitimation of the Colonial State: British Malaya 1786–1941,’ in International Journal of Health Services, vol. 17, no. 1, 1987.
3. Y. K. Lee, ‘Singapore’s Pauper and Tan Tock Seng Hospitals,’ in The Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, pp. 79–111 in no. 228, October 1975.
4. Y. K. Lee, ‘Singapore’s Pauper and Tan Tock Seng Hospitals,’ in The Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, pp. 113–33 in no.229, August 1976.
5. Y. K. Lee, ‘Singapore’s Pauper and Tan Tock Seng Hospitals,’ in The Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, pp. 164–183 in no. 230, December 1976.
6. Y. K. Lee, ‘Singapore’s Pauper and Tan Tock Seng Hospitals,’ in The Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, pp. 111–135 in no. 232, December 1977.
7. William H. McNeil in Plagues and People (Garden City, New York: Anchor Press/Doubleday, 1976).
8. Proceedings of the Federal Council of the Federated Malay States (PFCFMS), 13 April 1920, p. 822.
9. Proceedings of the Legislative Council of the Straits Settlements (PLCSS), 25 October 1920, pp. C149-C150.
10. Yeo Kim Wah, ‘The Guillemard— Maxwell Power Struggle, 1921—1925,’ in The Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, vol. 54, Part 1, 1981, pp. 48—64.
11. Yeo, The Politics of Decentralization. Colonial Controversy in Malaya. 1920~1929 (Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press, 1982).
12. Federated Malay States (F.M.S.), Report of the Chief Secretary to the Government for the Year 1921, pp. 6, 15–16.
13. F.M.S., Medical Report for the Year 1920, p. 30.
14. F.M.S., Annual Report for 1929, p. 41.
15. Straits Settlements (S.S.), Annual Departmental Reports of the Straits Settlements for the Year 1929, p. 35.
16. The Straits Times, 1 November 1923, p. 9.
17. The Planter, vol. 1, no. 4, November 1920, pp. 41–3.
18. F.M.S., Annual Report for 1925, p. 31.
19. The Straits Times, 22 June 1926, p. 3.
20. F.M.S., Annual Report of the Medical Department for the Year Ending 31st December 1928, P. 91.
21. The Straits Times, 9 November 1923, p. 3.
22. ibid., 23 November 1923, p. 15.
23. The Malay Mail, 15 May 1924, p. 10.
24. ibid., 21 March 1925, p. 10.
25. The Straits Times, 1 September 1923, p. 3.
26. ibid., 23 November 1923, p. 15.
27. Ibid., 23 November 1923, p. 25.
28. The Straits Times, 10 June 1926, pp. 9–10.
29. F.M.S., ‘Report of the Chief Health Officer, Federated Malay States, for the Year 1928’ p. 94, in Annual Report of the Medical Department for the Year Ending 31st December 1928.
30. The Straits Times, 23 November 1923, p. 15.
31. Ibid., 10 June 1926, pp. 9–10.
32. F.M.S., ‘Annual Report of the Institute for Medical Research for the Year 1928,’ p. 32 in Appendix A, annual Report of the Medical Department for the Year ending 31st December 1929.
33. F.M.S., Annual Report for 1930, p. 35.
34. ‘Enactment No. 13 of 1926,’ in F.M.S., Enactments Passed During the Year 1926, pp. 31–8.
35. Planters Association of Malaya (P.A.M.), Circular No. 16, 28 August 1929, pp. 31–35.
36. The Straits Times, 9 June 1925, p. 9.
37. S.S., ‘Preliminary Survey of Hookworm Infection and Rural Sanitation in the Straits Settlements, 1925’ by Paul F. Russell, M.D., pp. 624–7 in Annual Departmental Reports of the Straits Settlements for the Year 1925.
38. ‘Extracts from the Straits Settlements Rural Sanitation Survey and Campaign Final Report and Tables, 1925–1928, p. 766 in S.S., Annual Departmental Reports of the Straits Settlements for the Year 1928. Hereafter referred to as ‘Extracts.’
39. S.S., ‘Straits Settlements Medical Report,’ p. 851 in Annual Departmental Reports of the Straits Settlement for the Year 1927.
40. PLCSS, 21 November 1921, p. B225.
41. F.M.S., Report of the Chief Secretary to Government for the Year 1925, p. 33.
42. F.M.S., ‘Report of the Chief Medical Oficer, Social Hygiene, Federated Malay States for the Year 1929,’ pp. 114–18, Appendix III in Annual Report of the medical Department for the Year 1929.
43. F.M.S., ‘Annual Report of the Work Done in Combating Venereal Diseases in the Federated Malay States, 1925,' pp. 96–100 in Annual Report of the Medical Department/or the Year Ending 31st December 1929.
44. F.M.S., ‘Annual Report of the Chief Medical Officer, Social Hygiene, Federated Malay States for the Year 1930,’ pp. 22 iff in Annual Report of the Medical Department for the Year 1930.
45. Pahang, Administration Report for the Year 1919, p. 23.
46. Negri Sembilan, Administration Report for the Year 1919, p. 16.
47. F.M.S., Annual Report of the Medical Department for the Year Ending 31st December 1925, P !15.
48. The Straits Times, 13 February 1925, p. 11.
49. The Malay Mail, 19 October 1927, p. 7.
50. The Straits Times, 27 April 1926, p. 10.
51. Ibid., 6 February 1925, p. 9.
52. Ibid., 29 April 1926, p. 9.
53. Ibid., 6 February 1925, p. 9.
54. The Malayan Daily Express, 6 September 1927, p. 6.
55. Agent of the Government of India, Annual Report 1928, p. 6.
56. F.M.S., Annual Report of the Medical Department for the Year Ending 31st December 1929, p. 27.
57. F.M.S., The Chief Secretary’s Report for the Year 1920, p. 11.
58. F.M.S., The Chief Secretary’s Report for the Year 1919, p. 15.
59. The Malay Mail, 10 August 1927, p. 8.
60. Ibid., 28 October 1927, p. 13 and subsequent issues.
61. F.M.S., Medical Report for the Year 1920, p. 27.
62. Commission, p. A16. In 1924, the Medical or ‘Hospital Branch’ of the Medical Department had 745 staff actually employed while the Health Branch had 42.
63. F.M.S., ‘Report of the Chief Health Officer Federated Malay States for the Year 1928’ Appendix B, pp. 86–9 in the Annual Report of the Medical Department for the Year Ending 31st December 1928.
64. F.M.S., Interim Reports of the Retrenchment Commission. Paper no. 5 of 1923 laid before the Federal Council 30 October 1923, p. 29.
65. The Malay Mail, 19 April 1924, p. 13.
66. F.M.S., Annual Report of the Medical Department for the Year Ending 31st December 1929, p. 10.
67. F.M.S., Annual Report of the Medical Department for the Year Ending 31st December 1930, P. 4.
68. F.M.S., Annual Medical Report for the Year Ending 31st December 1924, p. 9.
69. The Straits Times, 13 September 1929, p. 10.
70. The sunday Mirror, 18 November 1928, p. 2.