The Nile Valley System and the Red Sea Slave Trade 1820–1880

Slavery & Abolition

Volumn 9, Issue 3, 1988, Pages 71-92

  Ewald, Janet J ^a  

^a NONE

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[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84928843378     PISSN: 0144039X     EISSN: 17439523     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/01440398808574963     Document Type: Article

References (22)

1. Ehud T., Toledano, The Ottoman Stave Trade and Its Suppression (Princeton, 1982), pp. 91–147, 192–278.
2. William Ochsenwald, ‘Muslim—European conflict in the Hijaz: The Slave Trade Controversy, 1840–1895’, Middle Eastern Studies, 16:1 (1980), 115–126.
3. Mordecai Abir, ‘The Ethiopian Slave Trade and Its Relation to the Islamic World’, Slaves and Slavery In Muslim Africa, Volume Two: The Servile Estate, John Ralph Willis, ed. (Cass, London and Totowa, New Jersey, 1985), p.128.
4. R.S., O'Fahey and J.L., Spaulding, Kingdoms of the Sudan (London, 1974), p.79.
5. Lord Prudhoe, ‘Extracts from a Trip to Sinnar’, Journal of the Royal Geographical Society, 5 (1835), 45–47.
6. Georg Schweinfurth, The Heart of Africa: Three Years' Travels and Adventures in the Unexplored Regions of Central Africa from 1868 to 1871, 2 vols. (London, 1873), 2:416.
7. John Bowring, ‘Report on Egypt and Candia’, Parliamentary Papers, 21 (1840), 88, 90.
8. Ignatius Pallme, Travels in Kordofan (London, 1844), pp. 306–307.
9. Georges Douin, Histoire du Règne du Khedive Ismail, 3 vols. (Paris, 1936–1939), 3, i, 262–6.
10. Gabriel Baer, Studies in the Social History of Modern Egypt (Chicago and London), 1969, p.171.
11. Richard Hill, On the Frontiers of Islam: Two Manuscripts Concerning the Sudan Under Turco-Egyptian Rule, 1822–1845, (Oxford, 1970), pp. 34, 41–42.
12. J.A., Vayssière, ‘From Sawakin to Kasala’, in Richard Hill, ed., The Europeans in the Sudan, 1834–1878: Some Manuscripts, mostly unpublished, written by Traders, Christian Missionaries, Officials, and Others (Oxford, 1980), p.112.
13. John Petherick and Katherine Petherick, Travels in Central Africa and Explorations of the Western Nile Tributaries, 2 vols. (London, 1869), 1:67.
14. Wilhelm Junker, Travels in Africa during the Years 1874–1878, 3 vols. (London, 1890).
15. Alessandro Triulzi, Salt, Gold, and Legitimacy: Prelude to the History of a No—Man's Land, Bela Shanqul, Wallagga, Ethiopia (1800–1898) (Naples, 1981), p.128.
16. Schweinfurth, Heart of Africa, 2:429–431.
17. Austin, ‘The Nineteenth Century Islamic Slave Trade’, citing Georges Douin, Histoire du Règne du Khedive Isma'il, 1936, 111:1, 265–266.
18. T. von Heuglin, ‘Die Tinne'sche Expedition im westlichen Nil—Quellegebiet, 1863–4,’ Petermanns Mitheillungen, Erganzungshaft 15 (1865), 6.
19. Romolo Gessi, Seven Years in the Soudan (London, 1892), p.15.
20. Richard Hill, A Biographical Dictionary of the Sudan, 2nd edition, (London, 1967), pp. 24.
21. Cooper, Plantation Slavery, pp. 31–32.
22. C. Snouck Hurgronje, Mekka in the Latter Part of the Nineteenth Century: Daily Life, Customs, and Learning, trans. J.H. Monohan (London and Leyden, 1931), p.5.