Cost-effectiveness of screening and treating foreign-born students for tuberculosis before entering the United States

PLoS ONE

Volumn 10, Issue 4, 2015, Pages

  Wingate, La'Marcus T ^a   Coleman, Margaret S ^a   Posey, Drew L ^a   Zhou, Weigong ^a   Olson, Christine K ^a   Maskery, Brian ^a   Cetron, Martin S ^a   Painter, John A ^a  

^a CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

TUBERCULOSTATIC AGENT;

ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY; ARTICLE; BACTERIUM CULTURE; BACTERIUM IDENTIFICATION; BLOOD CHEMISTRY; BLOOD SAMPLING; CHINESE; COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS; COST CONTROL; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; DECISION TREE; DIRECTLY OBSERVED THERAPY; DRUG SENSITIVITY; FOLLOW UP; FOREIGN BORN STUDENT; FOREIGN STUDENT; GERMAN (CITIZEN); HEALTH CARE COST; HEALTH CARE PLANNING; HEALTH PROGRAM; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; INDIAN; MASS SCREENING; PREVALENCE; PUBLIC HEALTH; RISK REDUCTION; SCREENING TEST; SPUTUM SMEAR; STUDENT; THORAX RADIOGRAPHY; TUBERCULOSIS; TUBERCULOSIS CONTROL; UNITED STATES; ECONOMICS; INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; MIGRANT; PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE; REFUGEE;

CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION (U.S.); COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS; EMIGRANTS AND IMMIGRANTS; HUMANS; INTERNATIONALITY; REFUGEES; STUDENTS; TUBERCULOSIS; UNITED STATES;

EID: 84928777083     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124116     Document Type: Article

References (74)

1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Trends in tuberculosis - United States, 2012. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2013; 62: 201-205. PMID: 23515056
2. Cain KP, Benoit SR, Winston CA, Mac Kenzie WR. Tuberculosis among foreign-born persons in the United States. JAMA. 2008; 300: 405-412. doi: 10.1001/jama.300.4.405 PMID: 18647983
3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Division of global migration and quarantine. Available: http://www.cdc.gov/ncezid/dgmq/. Accessed: 2013 May 11.
4. Liu Y, Weinberg MS, Ortega LS, Painter JA, Maloney SA. Overseas screening for tuberculosis in U.S.-bound immigrants and refugees. N Engl J Med. 2009; 360: 2406-2415. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0809497 PMID: 19494216
5. Monger R. U.S. legal permanent residents: 2012. Available: http://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/ois-lpr-fr-2012-2.pdf. Accessed: 2013 May 10.
6. Department of Homeland Security. Yearbook of immigration statistics: 2012. Refugees and asylees. Available: http://www.dhs.gov/yearbook-immigration-statistics-2012-refugees-and-asylees. Accessed: 2013 May 10.
7. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Tuberculosis screening and treatment technical instructions (TB TIs) using cultures and directly observed therapy (DOT) for panel physicians. Available: http://www.cdc.gov/immigrantrefugeehealth/exams/ti/panel/tuberculosis-panel-technical-instructions.html. Accessed: 2013 May 10.
8. Posey DL, Naughton MP, Willacy EA, Russell M, Olson CK, McSpadden MS, et al. Implementation of New TB Screening Requirements for U.S.-Bound Immigrants and Refugees - 2007-2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2014; 63: 234-236. PMID: 24647399
9. Monger R. Nonimmigrant admissions to the United States: 2011. Available: http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/statistics/publications/ni-fr-2011.pdf. Accessed: 2012 Nov 2.
10. Liu Y, Painter JA, Posey DL, Cain KP, Weinberg MS, Maloney SA, et al. Estimating the impact of newly arrived foreign-born persons on tuberculosis in the United States. PLoS One. 2012; 7: e32158. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032158 PMID: 22384165
11. Grieco EM. Length of visit of nonimmigrants departing the United States in 2003. Available: http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/statistics/publications/LengthVstNonim2003.pdf. Accessed: 2012 Sept 25.
12. Institute of International Education. International student totals by place of origin, 2010/11-2011/12. Available: http://www.iie.org/Research-and-Publications/Open-Doors/Data/International-Students/All-Places-of-Origin/2010-12. Accessed: 2013 Jan 5.
13. Institute of International Education. New international student enrollment, 2004/05-2011/12. Available: http://www.iie.org/Research-and-Publications/Open-Doors/Data/International-Students/New-International-Enrollment/2004-12. Accessed: 2012 Sep 25.
14. World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report 2013. Available: Http://apps.Who.Int/iris/bitstream/10665/91355/1/9789241564656-eng.Pdf. Accessed: 2013 Dec 3.
15. Pantoja A, Floyd K, Unnikrishnan KP, Jitendra R, Padma MR, Lal SS, et al. Economic evaluation of public-private mix for tuberculosis care and control, India. Part I. Socio-economic profile and costs among tuberculosis patients. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2009; 13: 698-704. PMID: 19460244
16. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. Foreign exchange rates. Available: http://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/h10/Hist/. Accessed: 2012 Sep 5.
17. Organisation for Economic and Co-operation and Development. Consumer prices. Available: http://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=MEI-PRICES. Accessed: 2012 Jun 12.
18. Global Alliance for TB Drug Development. Analysis of the global TB drug market and country-specific case studies of TB drug distribution channels India case study. Available: http://www.tballiance.org/downloads/publications/study07/India-Case-Study.pdf. Accessed: 2013 Jun 25.
19. Global Alliance for TB Drug Development. Analysis of the Global TB Drug Market and Country-Specific Case Studies of TB Drug Distribution Channels China Case Study. Available: http://www.tballiance.org/downloads/publications/study07/China-Case-Study.pdf. Accessed: 2013 Jun 25.
20. Meng Q, Li R, Cheng G, Blas E. Provision and financial burden of TB services in a financially decentralized system: a case study from Shandong, China. Int J Health Plann Manage. 2004; 19 Suppl 1: S45-62. PMID: 15686060
21. World Health Organization. Country-specific unit costs. Available: http://www.who.int/choice/country/country-specific/en/index.html. Accessed: 2012 Sep 14.
22. Drummond MF, Sculpher MJ, Torrance GW, O'Brien BJ, Stoddart G. Methods for the economic evaluation of health care programmes. 3rd ed. New York City: Oxford University Press; 2005.
23. Garber AM, Torrance GW, Kamlet MS. Theoretical foundations of cost-effectiveness analysis. In: Gold MR, Siegel JE, Russell LB, Weinstein MC, editors. Cost-effectiveness in health and medicine. New York City: Oxford University Press; 1996. pp. 25-53.
24. The World Bank. GDP per capita, PPP. Available: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD. Accessed: 2013 Jul 2.
25. Ananthakrishnan R, Jeyaraj A, Palani G, Sathiyasekaran BW. Socioeconomic impact of TB on patients registered within RNTCP and their families in the year 2007 in Chennai, India. Lung India. 2012; 29: 221-226. doi: 10.4103/0970-2113.99103 PMID: 22919159
26. Lee D, Philen R, Wang Z, McSpadden P, Posey DL, Weinberg MS, et al. Disease surveillance among newly arriving refugees and immigrants - electronic disease notification system, United States, 2009. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2013; 62 Suppl 7: 1-20.
27. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Occupational employment and wages - May 2011. Available: http://www.bls.gov/news.release/archives/ocwage-03272012.pdf. Accessed: 2012 Nov 2.
28. Holland DP, Sanders GD, Hamilton CD, Stout JE. Costs and cost-effectiveness of four treatment regimens for latent tuberculosis infection. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2009; 179: 1055-1060. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200901-0153OC PMID: 19299495
29. Burman WJ, Dalton CB, Cohn DL, Butler JR, Reves RR. A cost-effectiveness analysis of directly observed therapy vs self-administered therapy for treatment of tuberculosis. Chest. 1997; 112: 63-70. PMID: 9228359
30. Shepardson D, Marks SM, Chesson H, Kerrigan A, Holland DP, Scott N, et al. Cost-effectiveness of a 12-dose regimen for treating latent tuberculous infection in the United States. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2013; 17: 1531-1537. doi: 10.5588/ijtld.13.0423 PMID: 24200264
31. Linas BP, Wong AY, Freedberg KA, Horsburgh CR Jr. Priorities for screening and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection in the United States. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011; 184: 590-601. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201101-0181OC PMID: 21562129
32. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Clinical laboratory fee schedule. Available: http://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Medicare-Fee-for-Service-Payment/ClinicalLabFeeSched/clinlab.html. Accessed: 2013 May 5.
33. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Overview of the medicare physician fee schedule. Available: http://www.cms.gov/apps/physician-fee-schedule/. Accessed: 2013 Jan 24.
34. Haddix AC. Teutsch SM, Corso PS, editors. Prevention effectiveness: A guide to decision analysis and economic evaluation. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 2003.
35. Khan K, Muennig P, Behta M, Zivin JG. Global drug-resistance patterns and the management of latent tuberculosis infection in immigrants to the United States. N Engl J Med. 2002; 347: 1850-1859. PMID: 12466510
36. Energy Information Administration. Motor vehicle mileage, fuel consumption, and fuel economy, 1949-2010. Available: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/showtext.cfm?t=pTB0208. Accessed: 2012 Oct 9.
37. Energy Information Administration. Monthly energy review July 2013. Available: http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/pdf/sec9-6.pdf. Accessed: 2013 Jul 15.
38. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration. Summary of travel trends: 2009 national household travel survey. Available: http://nhts.ornl.gov/2009/pub/stt.pdf. Accessed: 2012 Oct 25.
39. Coleman MS, Marienau KJ, Marano N, Marks SM, Cetron MS. Economics of United States tuberculosis airline contact investigation policies: a return on investment analysis. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2014; 12: 63-71. doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2013.10.016 PMID: 24262643
40. National Tuberculosis Controllers Association, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Guidelines for the investigation of contacts of persons with infectious tuberculosis. Recommendations from the National Tuberculosis Controllers Association and CDC. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2005; 54: 1-47. PMID: 16382216
41. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Clinical and Health Systems Research Branch Update. 2006 Feb 1 [cited 2 November 2012]. In: TB Notes Newsletter [Internet]. Altanta: CDC. [about 3 screens]. Available: http://www.cdc.gov/tb/publications/newsletters/notes/TBN-1-06/chsrbu.htm.
42. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Consumer price index-all urban consumers medical care. Available: http://data.bls.gov/timeseries/CUUR0000SAM?output-view = pct-12mths. Accessed: 2012 Dec 3.
43. Blumberg HM, Burman WJ, Chaisson RE, Daley CL, Etkind SC, Friedman LN, et al. American Thoracic Society/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Infectious Diseases Society of America: treatment of tuberculosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003; 167: 603-662. PMID: 12588714
44. Diel R, Rutz S, Castell S, Schaberg T. Tuberculosis: cost of illness in Germany. Eur Respir J. 2012; 40: 143-151. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00204611 PMID: 22267754
45. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Hcupnet: A tool for identifying, tracking, and analyzing national hospital statistics. Available: http://hcupnet.ahrq.gov/. Accessed: 2013 Jul 20.
46. Taylor Z, Marks SM, Rios Burrows NM, Weis SE, Stricof RL, Miller B. Causes and costs of hospitalization of tuberculosis patients in the United States. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2000; 4: 931-939. PMID: 11055760
47. Schwartzman K, Menzies D. Tuberculosis screening of immigrants to low-prevalence countries. A cost-effectiveness analysis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000; 161: 780-789. PMID: 10712322
48. Porco TC, Lewis B, Marseille E, Grinsdale J, Flood JM, Royce SE. Cost-effectiveness of tuberculosis evaluation and treatment of newly-arrived immigrants. BMC Public Health. 2006; 6: 157. PMID: 16784541
49. National Center for Education Statistics. Average undergraduate tuition and fees and room and board rates charged for full-time students in degree-granting institutions, by control and level of institution and state or jurisdiction: 2009-10 and 2010-11. 2011. Available: http://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d11/tables/dt11-350.asp. Accessed: 2012 Nov 2.
50. Emory University. Withdrawal. Available: http://oxford.emory.edu/operations/financial-services/student-accounts/withdrawal/. Accessed: 2013 Nov 13.
51. The Pennsylvania State University. Tuition adjustment policy. Available: http://www.bursar.psu.edu/adjustments.cfm. Accessed: 2013 Nov 13.
52. New York University. Fall and spring undergraduate refund schedule. Available: http://www.nyu.edu/bursar/refunds/schedule.fallspring.html. Accessed: 2013 Nov 13.
53. Purdue University. Tuition refunds. Available: http://www.purdue.edu/bursar/payments/refunds.html. Accessed: 2013 Nov 13.
54. Columbia University. Refund rate for withdrawals. Available: http://registrar.columbia.edu/content/ refund-rate-withdrawals. Accessed: 2013 Nov 13.
55. Texas A&M University. Tuition and fee schedule. Available: http://sbs.tamu.edu/accounts-billing/ tuition-fees/schedule/#REFUND. Accessed: 2013 Nov 13.
56. National Center for Education Statistics. Average graduate and first-professional tuition and required fees in degree-granting institutions, by first-professional field of study and control of institution: 1989-90 through 2010-2011. Available: Http://nces.Ed.Gov/programs/digest/d11/tables/dt11-352.Asp. Accessed: 2013 Nov 12.
57. Alvarez GG, Gushulak B, Abu Rumman K, Altpeter E, Chemtob D, Douglas P, et al. A comparative examination of tuberculosis immigration medical screening programs from selected countries with high immigration and low tuberculosis incidence rates. BMC Infect Dis. 2011; 11: 3. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-11-3 PMID: 21205318
58. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Online tuberculosis information system. Available: http://wonder.cdc.gov/TB-v2010.html. Accessed: 2013 Jan 4.
59. Erkens C, Slump E, Kamphorst M, Keizer S, van Gerven PJ, Bwire R, et al. Coverage and yield of entry and follow-up screening for tuberculosis among new immigrants. Eur Respir J. 2008; 32: 153-161. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00137907 PMID: 18287123
60. Oxlade O, Schwartzman K, Menzies D. Interferon-gamma release assays and TB screening in high-income countries: a cost-effectiveness analysis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2007; 11: 16-26. PMID: 17217125
61. Kowada A. Cost effectiveness of interferon-gamma release assay for school-based tuberculosis screening. Mol Diagn Ther. 2012; 16: 181-190. doi: 10.2165/11633610-000000000-00000 PMID: 22594558
62. Adams DA, Gallagher KM, Jajosky RA, Kriseman J, Sharp P, Anderson WJ, et al. Summary of Notifiable Diseases - United States, 2011. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly. 2013;Rep 60: 1-117. PMID: 23820934
63. Berrington de Gonzalez A, Darby S. Risk of cancer from diagnostic X-rays: estimates for the UK and 14 other countries. Lancet. 2004; 363: 345-51. PMID: 15070562
64. The World Bank. Household final consumption expenditure, etc. (% of GDP). Available: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.CON.PETC.ZS. Accessed: 2013 Dec 5.
65. Landefeld JS, Seskin EP, Fraumeni BM. Taking the pulse of the economy: measuring GDP. Journal of Economic Perspectives. 2008; 22:193-216.
66. Institute of International Education. Perceptions of European higher education in third countries. Available: http://www.iie.org/en/Research-and-Publications/Publications-and-Reports/IIE-Bookstore/Perceptions-of-European-Higher-Education. Accessed: 2014 Mar 24.
67. Tempera J. Foreign students examine benefits of studying in U.S. USA Today. 12 June 2013. Available: http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/06/12/foreign-students-studying-usa/2416313/. Accessed: 2014 Mar 24.
68. Khachetourians N. 5 reasons why USA is the top choice for international students. 2012 Sep 20 [cited 24 March 2014]. In: Academic Exchange [Internet]. Los Angeles: Academic Credentials Evaluation Institute 2011-. [about 4 screens]. Available: https://academicexchange.wordpress.com/2012/09/20/5-reasons-why-usa-is-the-top-choice-for-international-students/.
69. Bhat J, Rao VG, Gopi PG, Yadav R, Selvakumar N, Tiwari B, et al. Prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis amongst the tribal population of Madhya Pradesh, central India. Int J Epidemiol. 2009; 38: 1026-1032. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyp222 PMID: 19509182
70. Chadha VK, Kumar P, Anjinappa SM, Singh S, Narasimhaiah S, Joshi MV, et al. Prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis among adults in a rural sub-district of South India. PLoS One. 2012; 7: e42625. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042625 PMID: 22956993
71. Okada K, Onozaki I, Yamada N, Yoshiyama T, Miura T, Saint S, et al. Epidemiological impact of mass tuberculosis screening: a 2-year follow-up after a national prevalence survey. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2012; 16: 1619-1624. doi: 10.5588/ijtld.12.0201 PMID: 23131259
72. Claassens M, van Schalkwyk C, den Haan L, Floyd S, Dunbar R, van Helden P, et al. High prevalence of tuberculosis and insufficient case detection in two communities in the Western Cape, South Africa. PLoS One. 2013; 8: e58689. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058689 PMID: 23560039
73. Tadesse T, Demissie M, Berhane Y, Kebede Y, Abebe M. Incidence of smear-positive tuberculosis in Dabat, northern Ethiopia. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2013; 17: 630-635. doi: 10.5588/ijtld.12.0449 PMID: 23575329
74. Yang XY, Zhang NM, Diao X, Mao X, Li YP. Epidemiological analysis of pulmonary tuberculosis in Sichuan Province, China, 2000-2006. Int J Infect Dis. 2008; 12: 534-541. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2008.02.011 PMID: 18495514