Marine ecological footprint indicates unsustainability of the Pohnpei (Micronesia) coral reef fishery

Environmental Conservation

Volumn 42, Issue 2, 2015, Pages 182-190

  Rhodes, Kevin L ^a   Warren Rhodes, Kimberley A ^b   Sweet, Scott ^c   Helgenberger, Mike ^d   Joseph, Eugene ^e   Boyle, Linda Ng ^f   Hopkins, Kevin D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII AT HILO   (United States)

^b NASA AMES RESEARCH CENTER   (United States)

^c TerraUnda   (Philippines)

^d Office of Fisheries and Aquaculture   (Federated States of Micronesia)

^e Conservation Society of Pohnpei ^*  (Federated States of Micronesia)

^f UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

Author keywords

Biocapacity; Consumption; Ecological overshoot; Marine ecological footprint; Micronesia; overfishing

Indexed keywords

AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY; DEVELOPING COUNTRIES; ECOLOGY; FISH; FISHERIES; INFORMATION MANAGEMENT; MARINE BIOLOGY; MARINE ENGINEERING; SATELLITE IMAGERY; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT;

BIO-CAPACITY; CONSUMPTION; ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT; ECOLOGICAL OVERSHOOT; MICRONESIA; OVERFISHING;

REEFS;

ANTHOZOA; PISCES;

EID: 84928705405     PISSN: 03768929     EISSN: 14694387     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S037689291400023X     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. Analytical Laboratories of Hawaii (2002) Image interpretation and development of coral reef habitat maps for the Main Hawaiian Islands. Project Completion Report 40-AA-NC-005254, National Ocean Service and National Geodetic Survey [www document]. URL http://ccma.nos.noaa.gov/ecosystems/coralreef/main8hi-mapping/ALH-Final-Report.pdf
2. Bejarano, S., Golbuu, Y., Sapolu, T. & Mumby, P.J. (2013) Ecological risk and the exploitation of herbivorous reef fish across Micronesia. Marine Ecology Progress Series 482: 197-215.
3. Bell, J.D. & Galzin, R. (1984) Influence of live coral cover on coral-reef fish communities. Marine Ecology Progress Series 15: 265-274.
4. Bell, J.D., Kronen, M., Vunisea, A., Nash, W.J., Keeble, G., Demmke, A., Pontifex, S. & Andréfouet, S. (2009) Planning the use of fish for food security in the Pacific. Marine Policy 33: 64-76.
5. Bellwood, D.R., Hoey, A.S. & Choat, J.H. (2003) Limited functional redundancy in high diversity systems: resilience and ecosystem function on coral reefs. Ecology Letters 6(4): 281-285.
6. Bellwood, D.R., Hughes, T.P., Folke, C. & Nyström, M. (2004) Confronting the coral reef crisis. Nature 429: 827-833.
7. Bruno, J.F. & Selig, E.R. (2007) Regional decline of coral cover in the Indo-Pacific: timing, extent, and subregional comparisons. PLoS ONE 2(8): e711. doi 10.1371/journal.pone.0000711
8. Catton Jr, W.R. (1982)Overshoot: the Ecological Basis of Revolutionary Change. Urbana, Illinois, USA: University of Illinois Press: 298 pp.
9. Cesar, H. (1996) Economic analysis of Indonesian coral reefs. The World Bank, Washington DC, USA: 103 pp. [www document]. URL http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTEEI/214574-1153316226850/20486385/EconomicAnalysisofIndones ianCoralReefs1996.pdf
10. Chan, T., Sadovy, Y. & Donaldson, T.J. (2007) Bolbometopon murica-tum. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.1 [www document]. URL http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/63571/0
11. Conservation Society of Pohnpei (2006) A rapid ecological assessment of the coral, fish and seagrasses of Pohnpei, Ahnd and Pakin, Federated States of Micronesia. Findings and recommendations [www document]. URL ftp://ftp.nodc.noaa. gov/pub/data.nodc/coris/library/NOAA/CRCP/project/1395/rea-coral-micronesia.pdf
12. Costanza, R., d'Arge, R., de Groot, R., Faber, S., Grass, M., Hannon, B., Limburg, K., Naeem, S., O'Neill, R., Raruelo, J., Raskin, R., Sutton, P. & van den Belt, M. (1997) The value of the world's ecosystems services and natural capital. Nature 387: 253-260.
13. Dalzell, P. (1996) Catch rates, selectivity and yields of reef fishing. In: Reef Fisheries, ed. N.V.C. Polunin & C.M. Roberts, pp. 161-192. London, UK: Chapman and Hall.
14. Dalzell, P., Adams, T.J.H. & Polunin, N.V.C. (1996) Coastal fisheries in the Pacific islands. Oceanography and Marine Biology 34: 395-531.
15. Devantier, L.M., De'Ath, G., Done, T.J. & Turak, E. (1998) Ecological assessment of a complex natural system: a case study from the Great Barrier Reef. Ecological Applications 8: 480-496.
16. Federated States of Micronesia (2013) FSM preliminary census results [www document]. URL http://www.sboc.fm/index.php?id1=Vm0xMFlWWXhWWGhTYmxKV1YwZFN UMVpzV21GVk1WbDNXa2M1VmxKdGVGbGFWVnBoVl VaV1ZVMUVhejA9
17. Federated States of Micronesia (2002) Pohnpei State Census Report: 2000 FSM Census of Population and Housing. Pohnpei Branch Statistics Office, Division of Statistics and FSM Department of Economic Affairs, Kolonia, Pohnpei: 204 pp.
18. Folke, C., Kautsky, N., Berg, H., Jansson, A. & Troell, M. (1998) The ecological footprint concept for sustainable seafood production: a review. Ecological Applications 8 (Suppl.): 63-71.
19. Folke, C., Jansson, A., Larsson, A. & Costanza, R. (1997) Ecosystem appropriation by cities. Ambio 26: 167-172.
20. Folke, C., Hammer, M. & Jansson, A.M. (1991) Life-support value of ecosystems: a case study of the Baltic Sea region. Ecological Economics 3: 123-137.
21. FAO (1989) Yield and nutritional value of the commercially more important fish species. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper No. 309, FAO, Rome, Italy: 187 pp. [www document]. URL http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/T0219E/T0219E00. HTM
22. Frank, K.T., Petrie, B., Choi, J.S. & Leggett, W. (2005) Trophic cascades in a formerly cod-dominated ecosystem. Science 308: 1621-1623.
23. Gabrié, C. (2011) Conservation, management, and development of coral reefs in the Pacific: building on the results of six years of research, collaboration and education. Secretariat of the Pacific Community, Noumea: 168 pp. [www document]. URL http://www.spc.int/images/publications/en/Divisions/Fisheries/en-crisp-conservation-management-development-coral-reefs-pacific.pdf
24. Gillet, R. (2009) Fisheries in the economies of the Pacific island countries and territories. Pacific Studies Series, Mandaluyong City, Philippines, Asian Development Bank: 521 pp. [www document]. URL http://www.adb.org/publications/fisheries-economies-pacific-island-countries-and-territories
25. Gillett, R. & Cartwright, I. (2010) The future of Pacific Island fisheries. Secretariat of the Pacific Community, Noumea and the Forum Fisheries Agency, Honiara: 110 pp. [www document]. URL http://www.spc.int/fame/doc/corporate-docs/Future- of-PI-fisheries-Report.pdf
26. Gillett, R. & Lightfoot, C. (2002) The contribution of fisheries to the economies of Pacific Island countries. A report prepared for the Asian Development Bank, the Forum Fisheries Agency and the World Bank. ADB, Manila, Philippines: 127 pp. [www document]. URL http://www.adb.org/documents/reports/contribution-fisheries-pacific-economies/default.asp
27. Gomez, E.D., Aliño, P.M., Yap, H.T. & Licuanan, W.Y. (1994) A review of the status of Philippine reefs. Marine Pollution Bulletin 29: 62-68.
28. Graham, N.A.J., Wilson, S.K., Jennings, S., Polunin, N.V.C., Bijoux, J.P. & Robinson, J. (2006) Dynamic fragility of oceanic coral reef ecosystems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 103: 8425-8429.
29. Halls, A., Welcomme, R. & Burn, R. (2006) The relationship between multi-species catch and effort: among fishery comparisons. Fisheries Research 77: 78-83.
30. Houk, P., Rhodes, K., Cuetos-Bueno, J., Lindfield, S., Fread, V. & McIlwain, J. (2012) Commercial coral-reef fisheries across Micronesia: a need for improving management. Coral Reefs 31: 13-26.
31. ISRS (2004) Sustainable fisheries management in coral reef ecosystems. ISRS Briefing Paper 4 [www document]. URL http://www.coralreefs.org/documents/ISRS%20Briefing% 20Paper%204%20-%20Fisheries.pdf
32. Jennings, S. & Polunin, N.V.C. (1996) Effects of fishing effort and catch rate upon the structure and biomass of Fijian reef fish communities. Journal of Applied Ecology 33: 400-412.
33. Jennings, S., Boullé, D.P. & Polunin, N.V.C. (1996) Habitat correlates of the distribution and biomass of Seychelles' reef fishes. Environmental Biology of Fishes 46: 15-25.
34. Jones, G.P., McCormick, M.I., Srinivasan, M. & Eagle, J.V. (2004) Coral decline threatens fish biodiversity in marine reserves. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 101: 8251-8253.
35. Kronen, M., Stacey, N., Holland, P., Magron, F.&Power, M.(2007) Socioeconomic fisheries surveys in Pacific Islands: a manual for the collection of a minimum dataset. Report. Secretariat of the Pacific Community, Noumea, New Caledonia: 143 pp.
36. Marshall, N. (1980) Fishery yields of coral reefs and adjacent shallow-water environments. In: Stock Assessment for Tropical Small Scale Fisheries, ed. S.B. Saila & P.M. Roedel, pp. 103-109.
37. International Center for Marine Resource Development, University of Rhodes Island [www document]. URL http://pdf. usaid.gov/pdf-docs/PNAAJ627.pdf#page=111
38. Marten, G.G. & Polovina, J.J. (1982) A comparative study of fish yields from various tropical ecosystems. In: Theory and Management of Tropical Fisheries, ed. D. Pauly & G.I. Murphy, pp. 255-289. ICLARM Conference Proceedings 9, Manila, Philippines.
39. Maypa, A.P., Russ, G.R., Alcala, A.C. & Calumpong, H.P. (2002) Long-term trends in yield and catch rates of the coral reef fishery at Apo Island, central Philippines. Marine and Freshwater Research 53: 207-213.
40. McAllister, D. (1988) Environmental, economic and social costs of coral reef destruction in the Philippines. Galaxea 7: 161-178.
41. McClanahan, T. (1995) A coral reef ecosystem-fisheries model: impacts of fishing intensity and catch selection on reef structure and processes. Ecological Modeling 80: 1-19.
42. Moberg, F. & Folke, C. (1999) Ecological goods and services of coral reef ecosystems. Ecological Economics 29: 215-233.
43. Mumby, P.J. (2006) The impact of exploiting grazers (Scaridae) on the dynamics of Caribbean coral reefs. Ecological Applications 16: 747-769.
44. Newton, K., Côte, I.M., Pilling, G.M., Jennings, S. & Dulvy, N.K. (2007) Current and future sustainability of island coral reef fisheries. Current Biology 17: 655-658.
45. NOAA (2004) GIS map of Mosaiced LandSat 7 ETM +satellite imagery of the Federated States of Micronesia, Edition 1. Department of Commerce, NOAA/National Ocean Service (MOS) Special Projects, Silver Springs, MD, USA.
46. OECD (1998) Review of fisheries in OECD Countries 1997: policies and summary statistics. OECD Publishing, doi: 10.1787/rev-fish-pol-1997-en [www document]. URL http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/agriculture-and-food/review-of-fisheries-in-oecd-countries-1997-rev-fish-pol-1997-en
47. Polunin, N.V.C. & Roberts, C.M., eds (1996) Reef Fisheries. San Diego, CA, USA: Academic Press.
48. Rhodes, K.L. & Tupper, M.H. (2007) A preliminary market-based analysis of the Pohnpei, Micronesia, grouper (Serranidae: Epinephelinae) fishery reveals unsustainable fishing practices. Coral Reefs 26: 335-344.
49. Rhodes, K.L. & Tupper, M.H (2008) The vulnerability of reproductively active squaretail coralgrouper (Plectropomus areolatus) to fishing. Fishery Bulletin 106: 194-203.
50. Rhodes, K.L., Nemeth, R.S. & Kadison, E. (2014) Spatial, temporal, and environmental dynamics of a multi-species epinephelid spawning aggregation in Pohnpei, Micronesia. Coral Reefs (in press) DOI 10.1007/s00338-014-1172-z.
51. Rhodes, K.L., Taylor, B.M. & McIlwain, J. (2011b) Demographic profile of a spawning aggregation of camouflage grouper, Epinephelus polyphekadion. Marine Ecology Progress Series 421: 183-198.
52. Rhodes, K.L., Tupper, M.H. & Wichilmel, C.B. (2008) Characterization and management of the commercial sector of the Pohnpei coral reef fishery, Micronesia. Coral Reefs 27: 443-454.
53. Rhodes, K.L., Warren-Rhodes, K., Houk, P., Cuetos-Bueno, J. & Fong, Q. (2011a) An interdisciplinary study of market forces and nearshore fisheries management in Micronesia. Report of the Marine Program of the Asia Pacific Conservation Region, The Nature Conservancy, Report No. 6/11: 120 pp. [www document]. URL http://www.walker-foundation.org/net/org/project.aspx?projectid=87174&p=85331
54. Rohmann, S. & Monaco, M. (2005) Mapping the shallow-water coral ecosystems of the Freely Associated States: an implementation plan [www document]. URL http://ccmaserver.nos.noaa.gov/publications/biogeography/Final-FAS-MIP-web.pdf
55. Russ, G.R. (1991) Coral reef fisheries: effects and yield. In: The Ecology of Coral Reef Fishes in Coral Reefs, ed. P.F. Sale, pp. 601-636, San Diego, CA, USA: Academic Press.
56. Russell, B. (2004) Cheilinus undulatus. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.1 [www document]. URL http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/4592/0
57. Sadovy, Y. (2005) Trouble on the reef: the imperative for managing vulnerable and valuable fisheries. Fish and Fisheries 6: 167-185.
58. Sæther, B.E. (1999). Top dogs maintain biodiversity. Nature 400: 510-511.
59. SPC (2011) Climate change may halve Pacific Islands' coastal fish catches. 4 March [www document]. URL http://www.spc.int/en/component/content/article/216-about-spc-news/683-climate-change-may-halve-paci
60. USGS (2002) Topographic map of the Island of Pohnpei. NIMA 5842 I NE-Series W856; NIMA 5843 II SE-Series W856; NIMA 5842 I NW-Series W856; NIMA 5843 II SW-Series W856. USGS/National Imagery and Mapping Agency, Reston, VA, USA.
61. US National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (2008a) North Pacific Ocean Caroline Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Senyavin Islands-Pohnpei. No. 81453. 4th Edition, Defense Mapping Agency, Hydrographic/Topographic Centre, Bethesda, MD, USA.
62. US National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (2008b) North Pacific Ocean, Federated States of Micronesia, Caroline Islands, Pohnpei-North Coast, Pohnpei Harbor. No. 81453, 7th Edition, Defense Mapping Agency, Hydrographic/Topographic Centre, Bethesda, MD, USA.
63. Venetoulis, J. & Talberth, J. (2008) Refining the ecological footprint. Environment, Development and Sustainability 10: 441-469.
64. Victor, S., Neth, L., Golbuu, Y., Wolanski, E. & Richmond, R.H. (2006) Sedimentation in mangroves and coral reefs in a wet tropical island, Pohnpei, Micronesia. Estuarine Coast and Shelf Science 66: 409-416.
65. Wackernagel, M. & Rees, W. (1998) Our Ecological Footprint. Reducing Human Impact on the Earth. Gabriola Island, BC, Canada: New Society Publishers.
66. Wackernagel, M., Schulz, N.B., Deumling, D., Dinares, A.C., Jenkins, M., Kapos, V., Monfreda, C., Loh, J., Myers, N., Norgaard, R. & Randers, J. (2002) Tracking the ecological overshoot of the human economy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 99: 9266-9271.
67. Warren-Rhodes, K., Sadovy, Y. & Cesar, H. (2003) Marine ecosystem appropriation in the Indo-Pacific: a case study of the live reef fish trade. Ambio 32: 481-488.
68. White, A.T., Vogt, H.P. & Arin, T. (2000) Philippine coral reefs under threat: the economic losses caused by reef destruction. Marine Pollution Bulletin 40: 598-605.
69. Wilkinson, C., ed. (2008) Status of coral reefs of the world. Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network and Reef and Rainforest Research Center, Townsville, Australia: 296 pp. [www document]. URL http://www.reefbase.org/resource-center/publication/main. aspx?refid=27173&referrer=GCRMN
70. Zeller, D., Booth, S. & Davis, G. (2007) Re-estimation of small-scale fishery catches for US flag-associated island areas in the western Pacific: the last 50 years. Fishery Bulletin 105: 266-277.
71. Zeller, D., Booth, S., Craig, P. & Pauly, D. (2006) Reconstruction of coral reef fisheries catches in American Samoa, 1950-2002. Coral Reefs 25: 144-152.