Reducing diarrhoea deaths in South Africa: Costs and effects of scaling up essential interventions to prevent and treat diarrhoea in under-five children

BMC Public Health

Volumn 15, Issue 1, 2015, Pages

  Chola, Lumbwe ^a   Michalow, Julia ^a   Tugendhaft, Aviva ^a   Hofman, Karen ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND   (South Africa)

Author keywords

Child health; Cost analysis; Diarrhoea; Modelling; South Africa

Indexed keywords

CHILD; CHILDHOOD MORTALITY; COST; DIARRHEA; ECONOMICS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; HEALTH; HEALTH PROMOTION; HUMAN; HYGIENE; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PROCEDURES; SANITATION; SOUTH AFRICA; WATER SUPPLY;

CHILD; CHILD MORTALITY; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; COSTS AND COST ANALYSIS; DIARRHEA; GLOBAL HEALTH; HEALTH PROMOTION; HUMANS; HYGIENE; MORBIDITY; SANITATION; SOUTH AFRICA; WATER SUPPLY;

EID: 84928555811     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14712458     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1689-2     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Liu L, Johnson HL, Cousens S, Perin J, Scott S, Lawn JE, et al. Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality: an updated systematic analysis for 2010 with time trends since 2000. Lancet. 2012;379(9832):2151-61.
2. Statistics South Africa: Levels and trends of morbidity and mortality among children aged under-five years in South Africa, 2006-2010. Pretoria, South Africa: Statistics South Africa; 2012.
3. Dorrington RE, Bradshaw D, Laubscher R. Rapid mortality surveillance report 2012. Cape Town, South Africa: South African Medical Research Council; 2014.
4. UNICEF: Pneumonia and diarrhoea: tackling the deadliest diseases for the world's poorest children. UNICEF; 2012
5. Tindyebwa D, Kayita J, Musoke P, Eley B, Nduati R, Coovadia H, et al. Handbook on paediatric AIDS in Africa by the African Network for the Care of Children Affected by AIDS: USAID; 2006.
6. Bamford L. Maternal, Newborn and Child Health. In: Padarath A, English R, editors. South African Health Review. Durban: Health Systems Trust; 2013.
7. UNICEF, WHO: Diarrhoea: Why children are still dying and what can be done? WHO Bulletin; 2009
8. Madhi SA, Cunliffe NA, Steele D, Witte D, Kirsten M, Louw C, et al. Effect of Human Rotavirus Vaccine on Severe Diarrhea in African Infants. N Engl J Med. 2010;362(4):289-98.
9. UNICEF, WHO. Immunisation summary: A statistical reference containing data through 2013. WHO; 2014
10. Statistics South Africa: Water and sanitation 2002-2010: in-depth analysis of the General Household Survey data. Statistics South Africa; 2011
11. South African Human Rights Commission: Report on the right to access sufficient water and decent sanitation in South Africa. South African Human Rights Commission; 2014
12. Stover J, McKinnon R, Winfrey B. Spectrum: a model platform for linking maternal and child survival interventions with AIDS, family planning and demographic projections. Int J Epidemiol. 2010;39 Suppl 1:i7-10.
13. Walker N, Tam Y, Friberg IK. Overview of the Lives Saved Tool (LiST). BMC Public Health. 2013;13 Suppl 3:S1.
14. LiST: The Lives Saved Tool. An evidence-based tool for estimating intervention impact [http://www.jhsph.edu/dept/ih/IIP/list/index.html ]
15. Fischer Walker CL, Walker N. The Lives Saved Tool (LiST) as a model for diarrhea mortality reduction. BMC Med. 2014;12:70.
16. Cairncross S, Hunt C, Boisson S, Bostoen K, Curtis V, Fung IC, et al. Water, sanitation and hygiene for the prevention of diarrhoea. Int J Epidemiol. 2010;39 Suppl 1:i193-205.
17. Walker CL, Black RE. Zinc for the treatment of diarrhoea: effect on diarrhoea morbidity, mortality and incidence of future episodes. Int J Epidemiol. 2010;39 Suppl 1:i63-69.
18. Munos MK, Walker CL, Black RE. The effect of oral rehydration solution and recommended home fluids on diarrhoea mortality. Int J Epidemiol. 2010;39 Suppl 1:i75-87.
19. Munos MK, Walker CL, Black RE. The effect of rotavirus vaccine on diarrhoea mortality. Int J Epidemiol. 2010;39 Suppl 1:i56-62.
20. Traa BS, Walker CL, Munos M, Black RE. Antibiotics for the treatment of dysentery in children. Int J Epidemiol. 2010;39 Suppl 1:i70-74.
21. Fischer Walker CL, Friberg IK, Binkin N, Young M, Walker N, Fontaine O, et al. Scaling up diarrhea prevention and treatment interventions: a Lives Saved Tool analysis. PLoS Med. 2011;8(3), e1000428.
22. Bhutta ZA, Das JK, Walker N, Rizvi A, Campbell H, Rudan I, et al. Interventions to address deaths from childhood pneumonia and diarrhoea equitably: what works and at what cost? The Lancet. 2013;381(9875):1417-29.
23. UNICEF. Every Child Counts: The State of the World's Children. UNICEF; 2014
24. UNICEF, WHO: Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation. Progress on drinking water and sanitation
25. UNICEF Supply Catalogue [ www.supply.unicef.org ]
26. Management Sciences for Health, Word Health Organization: International drug price indicator guide. Frye JE (Eds). Cambridge, MA: WHO; 2012
27. Tender section [ http://www.health.gov.za/tenders.php ]
28. Department of Water Affairs and Forestry: Guideline for the costing of household sanitation projects: DWAF; 2007.
29. City of Johannesburg: Amendment of tariff of charges for water services, Annexure 21: City of Johannesburg; 2012.
30. Bhutta ZA, Das JK, Bahl R, Lawn JE, Salam RA, Paul VK, et al. Can available interventions end preventable deaths in mothers, newborn babies, and stillbirths, and at what cost? The Lancet. 2014;384(9940):347-70.
31. Stenberg K, Axelson H, Sheehan P, Anderson I, Gülmezoglu AM, Temmerman M, et al. Advancing social and economic development by investing in women's and children's health: a new Global Investment Framework. Lancet. 2014;383(9925):1333-54.
32. Statistics South Africa: Mid-year population estimates 2014. Statistics South Africa; 2014.
33. District Health Information Systems Database [ http://indicators.hst.org.za/healthstats/132/data ]
34. Friend-du Preez N, Cameron N, Griffiths P. The importance of medicines in health-seeking behaviour for childhood illnesses in urban South Africa. Soc Sci Med. 2013;92:43-52.
35. Venter F: HIV Treatment in South Africa: The challenges of an increasingly successful antiretroviral programme. South African Health Review 2012/13 2013
36. Chidiebere OD, Stanley O, Joy E, Clement E, Ifeyinwa N, Uchenna E: Effect of Exclusive Breastfeeding on Incidences of Illness in Infant's First 6 Months of Life. Journal of Pediatrics and Neonatal Care 2014, 1(4): 00025. doi: 10.15406/jpnc.2014.01.00025.
37. Tylleskar T, Jackson D, Meda N, Engebretsen IM, Chopra M, Diallo AH, et al. Exclusive breastfeeding promotion by peer counsellors in sub-Saharan Africa (PROMISE-EBF): a cluster-randomised trial. Lancet. 2011;378(9789):420-7.
38. Bland RM, Little KE, Coovadia HM, Coutsoudis A, Rollins NC, Newell ML. Intervention to promote exclusive breast-feeding for the first 6 months of life in a high HIV prevalence area. AIDS (London, England). 2008;22(7):883-91.
39. Nkonki L, Cliff J, Sanders D. Lay health worker attrition: important but often ignored. Bull World Health Organ. 2011;89(12):919-23.
40. Goosen C, MCLachlan M, Schubl C. Factors impeding exclusive breastfeeding in a low-income area of the Western Province of South Africa. Africa Journal of Nursing and Midwifery. 2011;16(1):13-31.
41. Mawela MP, de Villiers FP. The effect of admission on oral rehydration-related knowledge. Ann Trop Paediatr. 1999;19(1):75-81.
42. Massyn N DC, Peer N, Padarath A, Barron P, English R,: District Health Barometer 2013/14. Health Systems Trust 2014
43. National Budget [ http://www.treasury.gov.za/documents/national%20budget/2014/ ]
44. Shisana O, Simbayi L, Rehle T, Zungu N, Suma K, Ngogo N, et al. South African National HIV Prevalence, Incidence, Behaviour and Communication Survey, 2008: The Health of our Children. Cape Town: HSRC Press; 2010.
45. Guerrant RL, Kosek M, Moore S, Lorntz B, Brantley R, Lima AAM. Magnitude and Impact of Diarrheal Diseases. Arch Med Res. 2002;33(4):351-5.
46. Kramer M, Kakuma R. The optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2002, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD003517. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003517
47. Hotez PJ, Molyneux DH, Fenwick A, Kumaresan J, Sachs SE, Sachs JD, et al. Control of neglected tropical diseases. N Engl J Med. 2007;357(10):1018-27.
48. Mara D, Lane J, Scott B, Trouba D. Sanitation and Health. PLoS Med. 2010;7(11), e1000363.