Morocco's Fundamentalists

Government and Opposition

Volumn 26, Issue 3, 1991, Pages 331-344

  Munson, Henry ^a  

^a NONE   (United Kingdom)

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 84928440049     PISSN: 0017257X     EISSN: 14777053     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1477-7053.1991.tb01145.x     Document Type: Article

References (16)

1. Most of the information presented in this paper is based on interviews with leaders and members of Morocco's Islamic movements and documents and books distributed by them. My research concerning this topic was made possible by grants from the Social Science Research Council (summer 1987), the University of Maine Summer Faculty Research Program (summer 1988), and the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation's Program on Peace and International Cooperation (summer 1990). I am indebted to Jean-Francois Clement, George Joffé, and Mohamed Tozy for their help. Further references can be found in Henry Munson, Jr, ‘Morocco’, in Shireen T. Hunter (ed.), The Politics of Islamic Revivalism, Bloomington, Indiana University Press, 1988, pp. 133–147.
2. For a review of the debate over using the term fundamentalist in the Islamic context, see Henry Munson, Jr, Islam and Revolution in the Middle East, New Haven, Yale University Press, 1988, pp. 3—15.
3. See Mohamed Tozy, Champ et contre-champ politico-religieux au Maroc, Thése pour le doctorat D'état en science politique, Faculté de Droit et de Science politique D'Aix-Marseille, 1984, pp. 267—80, 307—45; Gilles Kepel, Les Banlieues de l'lslam: Naissance Dune religion en France, Paris, Editions du Seuil, 1987, pp. 177—209.
4. For a complete list of al-Zamzami's writings and a brief biography, see ‘Abd al-Bari’ al-Ftuh, 'Fi dhikra wafat al-allama Muhammad al-Zamzami bin-al-Siddiq, al-Furqan, Voh 6, No. 20, February 1990, pp. 6—9.
5. See Henry Munson, Jr, The Social Base of Islamic Militancy in Morocco, The Middle East Journal, Vol. 40, 1986, pp. 267—84.
6. A schoolteacher arrested in January 1990 told the police: Abd as-Slam Yasin is for me a saint. I prefer him to my father and even to my soul. I am devoted to him and his ideas and works body and soul'. This statement is from a proce s-verbal D'enquete preliminaire prepared by the Gendarmerie Royale de la Region de Kenitra, 12 January 1990.
7. Procès-verbal, Kenitra, 12 Jan. 1990, p. 21.
8. ibid., 13.
9. al-Amana al-'amma, al-Shabiba al-islamiyya al-maghribiyya, al-Mu'amara ala al-Shabiba al-islamiyya al-maghribiyya: khalfiyat ightiyal Bin Jallun bi l-watha iq wa murafa at al-difa 1984, pp. This is a 151-page tract printed by al-Shabiba al-islamiyya in the Netherlands, to refute the Moroccan government's charge that the group was involved in the 1975 murder of the socialist Umar Ben Jelloun. 8-51.
10. Peuples Mediterraneens, No. 21, Oct.—Dec. 1982, p. 57.
11. al-Mu amara ala al-Shabiba al-islamiyya, pp. 16, 35.
12. Francois Burgat, l'islamisme au Maghreb: La voix du Sud, Paris, Editions Karthala, 1988, p. 141.
13. Mohamed Tozy, Islam et etat au Maghreb, Maghreb Machrek, No. 126, Oct.—Dec. 1989, p. 38. Similar control over his followers is exercised by Yasin.
14. Mohamed Tozy, Champ et contre-champ, p. 351.
15. The government's use of torture has received a great deal of publicity since the publication of Gilles Perrault's Notre ami le roi, Paris, Gallimard, 1990. It is also well-documented in the reports periodically issued by Amnesty International, Middle East Watch, and the French Comites de lutte contre la repression au Maroc. A copy of a Kenitra procès-verbal of January 1990 in my possession demonstrates the government's ability to apprehend members and sympathizers of “Abd as-Slam Yasin's movement. (I regret that I cannot publicly thank the individual who gave me this extremely revealing document.)
16. See Munson, Islam and Revolution in the Middle East.