메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 14, Issue 5, 2015, Pages 683-695

Minimizing the risk of hemorrhagic stroke during anticoagulant therapy for atrial fibrillation

Author keywords

Atrial fibrillation; Direct oral anticoagulants; Hemorrhagic stroke; Intracranial hemorrhage; Oral anticoagulation; Vitamin K antagonists

Indexed keywords

ANTICOAGULANT AGENT; ANTIVITAMIN K; APIXABAN; DABIGATRAN; EDOXABAN; RIVAROXABAN; WARFARIN;

EID: 84928331371     PISSN: 14740338     EISSN: 1744764X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1517/14740338.2015.1024222     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (11)

References (103)
  • 1
    • 77957738116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation: The Task Force for the Management of Atrial Fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)
    • Camm AJ, Kirchhof P, Lip GY, et al. Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation: the Task Force for the Management of Atrial Fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Europace 2010;12(10):1360-420
    • (2010) Europace , vol.12 , Issue.10 , pp. 1360-1420
    • Camm, A.J.1    Kirchhof, P.2    Lip, G.Y.3
  • 2
    • 84908220640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2014 AHA/ACC/HRS guideline for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American heart association task force on practice guidelines and the heart rhythm society
    • January CT, Wann LS, Alpert JS, et al. 2014 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014;64(21):e1-e76
    • (2014) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.64 , Issue.21 , pp. e1-e76
    • January, C.T.1    Wann, L.S.2    Alpert, J.S.3
  • 3
    • 84856745317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antithrombotic therapy for atrial fibrillation: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines
    • You JJ, Singer DE, Howard PA, et al. Antithrombotic therapy for atrial fibrillation: antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest 2012;141(2 Suppl):e531S-75S
    • (2012) Chest , vol.141 , Issue.2 , pp. e531S-75S
    • You, J.J.1    Singer, D.E.2    Howard, P.A.3
  • 4
    • 76249112303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence, case fatality, and functional outcome of intracerebral haemorrhage over time, according to age, sex, and ethnic origin: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    • van Asch CJ, Luitse MJ, Rinkel GJ, et al. Incidence, case fatality, and functional outcome of intracerebral haemorrhage over time, according to age, sex, and ethnic origin: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Neurol 2010;9(2):167-76
    • (2010) Lancet Neurol , vol.9 , Issue.2 , pp. 167-176
    • Van Asch, C.J.1    Luitse, M.J.2    Rinkel, G.J.3
  • 5
    • 84874473309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence and prevalence of atrial fibrillation: An analysis based on 8.3 million patients
    • Wilke T, Groth A, Mueller S, et al. Incidence and prevalence of atrial fibrillation: an analysis based on 8.3 million patients. Europace 2013;15(4):486-93
    • (2013) Europace , vol.15 , Issue.4 , pp. 486-493
    • Wilke, T.1    Groth, A.2    Mueller, S.3
  • 6
    • 0027505093 scopus 로고
    • Secondary prevention in non-rheumatic atrial fibrillation after transient ischaemic attack or minor stroke. EAFT (European Atrial Fibrillation Trial) Study Group
    • Secondary prevention in non-rheumatic atrial fibrillation after transient ischaemic attack or minor stroke. EAFT (European Atrial Fibrillation Trial) Study Group. Lancet 1993;342(8882):1255-62
    • (1993) Lancet , vol.342 , Issue.8882 , pp. 1255-1262
  • 7
    • 0028244264 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of pooled data from five randomized controlled trials
    • Risk factors for stroke and efficacy of antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation. Analysis of pooled data from five randomized controlled trials. Arch Intern Med 1994;154(13):1449-57
    • (1994) Arch Intern Med , vol.154 , Issue.13 , pp. 1449-1457
  • 8
    • 2942696888 scopus 로고
    • Warfarin versus aspirin for prevention of thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation: Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation II Study
    • Warfarin versus aspirin for prevention of thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation: Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation II Study. Lancet 1994;343(8899):687-91
    • (1994) Lancet , vol.343 , Issue.8899 , pp. 687-691
  • 9
    • 9544248668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adjusted-dose warfarin versus low-intensity, fixed-dose warfarin plus aspirin for high-risk patients with atrial fibrillation: Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation III randomised clinical trial
    • Adjusted-dose warfarin versus low-intensity, fixed-dose warfarin plus aspirin for high-risk patients with atrial fibrillation: Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation III randomised clinical trial. Lancet 1996;348(9028):633-8
    • (1996) Lancet , vol.348 , Issue.9028 , pp. 633-638
  • 10
    • 0032557174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation at low risk of stroke during treatment with aspirin: Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation III Study. The SPAF III Writing Committee for the Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Investigators
    • Patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation at low risk of stroke during treatment with aspirin: Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation III Study. The SPAF III Writing Committee for the Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Investigators. JAMA 1998;279(16):1273-7
    • (1998) JAMA , vol.279 , Issue.16 , pp. 1273-1277
  • 11
    • 0024543543 scopus 로고
    • Placebo-controlled, randomised trial of warfarin and aspirin for prevention of thromboembolic complications in chronic atrial fibrillation. The Copenhagen AFASAK study
    • Petersen P, Boysen G, Godtfredsen J, et al. Placebo-controlled, randomised trial of warfarin and aspirin for prevention of thromboembolic complications in chronic atrial fibrillation. The Copenhagen AFASAK study. Lancet 1989;1(8631):175-9
    • (1989) Lancet , vol.1 , Issue.8631 , pp. 175-179
    • Petersen, P.1    Boysen, G.2    Godtfredsen, J.3
  • 12
    • 0031852543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fixed minidose warfarin and aspirin alone and in combination vs adjusted-dose warfarin for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: Second Copenhagen Atrial Fibrillation, Aspirin, and Anticoagulation Study
    • Gullov AL, Koefoed BG, Petersen P, et al. Fixed minidose warfarin and aspirin alone and in combination vs adjusted-dose warfarin for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: second Copenhagen Atrial Fibrillation, Aspirin, and Anticoagulation Study. Arch Intern Med 1998;158(14):1513-21
    • (1998) Arch Intern Med , vol.158 , Issue.14 , pp. 1513-1521
    • Gullov, A.L.1    Koefoed, B.G.2    Petersen, P.3
  • 13
    • 0033539341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary prevention of arterial thromboembolism in non-rheumatic atrial fibrillation in primary care: Randomised controlled trial comparing two intensities of coumarin with aspirin
    • Hellemons BS, Langenberg M, Lodder J, et al. Primary prevention of arterial thromboembolism in non-rheumatic atrial fibrillation in primary care: randomised controlled trial comparing two intensities of coumarin with aspirin. Bmj 1999;319(7215):958-64
    • (1999) Bmj , vol.319 , Issue.7215 , pp. 958-964
    • Hellemons, B.S.1    Langenberg, M.2    Lodder, J.3
  • 14
    • 33746954539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preadmission antithrombotic treatment and stroke severity in patients with atrial fibrillation and acute ischaemic stroke: An observational study
    • O'Donnell M, Oczkowski W, Fang J, et al. Preadmission antithrombotic treatment and stroke severity in patients with atrial fibrillation and acute ischaemic stroke: an observational study. Lancet Neurol 2006;5(9):749-54
    • (2006) Lancet Neurol , vol.5 , Issue.9 , pp. 749-754
    • O'Donnell, M.1    Oczkowski, W.2    Fang, J.3
  • 15
    • 0034604278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implications of stroke risk criteria on the anticoagulation decision in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: The Anticoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation (ATRIA) study
    • Go AS, Hylek EM, Phillips KA, et al. Implications of stroke risk criteria on the anticoagulation decision in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: the Anticoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation (ATRIA) study. Circulation 2000;102(1):11-13
    • (2000) Circulation , vol.102 , Issue.1 , pp. 11-13
    • Go, A.S.1    Hylek, E.M.2    Phillips, K.A.3
  • 16
    • 84903741379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation-Authors' reply
    • Ruff CT, Giugliano RP, Braunwald E, Antman EM. New oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation-Authors' reply. Lancet 2013;384(9937):25-6
    • (2013) Lancet , vol.384 , Issue.9937 , pp. 25-26
    • Ruff, C.T.1    Giugliano, R.P.2    Braunwald, E.3    Antman, E.M.4
  • 17
    • 65249129769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of age on stroke prevention therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation: The atrial fibrillation investigators
    • van Walraven C, Hart RG, Connolly S, et al. Effect of age on stroke prevention therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation: the atrial fibrillation investigators. Stroke 2009;40(4):1410-16
    • (2009) Stroke , vol.40 , Issue.4 , pp. 1410-1416
    • Van Walraven, C.1    Hart, R.G.2    Connolly, S.3
  • 18
    • 34547693119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Warfarin versus aspirin for stroke prevention in an elderly community population with atrial fibrillation (the Birmingham Atrial Fibrillation Treatment of the Aged Study, BAFTA): A randomised controlled trial
    • Mant J, Hobbs FD, Fletcher K, et al. Warfarin versus aspirin for stroke prevention in an elderly community population with atrial fibrillation (the Birmingham Atrial Fibrillation Treatment of the Aged Study, BAFTA): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2007;370(9586):493-503
    • (2007) Lancet , vol.370 , Issue.9586 , pp. 493-503
    • Mant, J.1    Hobbs, F.D.2    Fletcher, K.3
  • 19
    • 33744945247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clopidogrel plus aspirin versus oral anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation in the Atrial fibrillation Clopidogrel Trial with Irbesartan for prevention of Vascular Events (ACTIVE W): A randomised controlled trial
    • Connolly S, Pogue J, Hart R, et al. Clopidogrel plus aspirin versus oral anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation in the Atrial fibrillation Clopidogrel Trial with Irbesartan for prevention of Vascular Events (ACTIVE W): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2006;367(9526):1903-12
    • (2006) Lancet , vol.367 , Issue.9526 , pp. 1903-1912
    • Connolly, S.1    Pogue, J.2    Hart, R.3
  • 20
    • 0031817074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of fixed minidose warfarin in the prevention of thromboembolism and vascular death in nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation
    • Pengo V, Zasso A, Barbero F, et al. Effectiveness of fixed minidose warfarin in the prevention of thromboembolism and vascular death in nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol 1998;82(4):433-7
    • (1998) Am J Cardiol , vol.82 , Issue.4 , pp. 433-437
    • Pengo, V.1    Zasso, A.2    Barbero, F.3
  • 21
    • 84868523625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2012 focused update of the ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation: An update of the 2010 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation. Developed with the special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association
    • Camm AJ, Lip GY, De Caterina R, et al. 2012 focused update of the ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation: an update of the 2010 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation. Developed with the special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association. Eur Heart J 2012;33(21):2719-47
    • (2012) Eur Heart J , vol.33 , Issue.21 , pp. 2719-2747
    • Camm, A.J.1    Lip, G.Y.2    De Caterina, R.3
  • 22
    • 84879894202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An updated definition of stroke for the 21st century: A statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association
    • Sacco RL, Kasner SE, Broderick JP, et al. An updated definition of stroke for the 21st century: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 2013;44(7):2064-89
    • (2013) Stroke , vol.44 , Issue.7 , pp. 2064-2089
    • Sacco, R.L.1    Kasner, S.E.2    Broderick, J.P.3
  • 23
    • 34248324434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Change in incidence and aetiology of intracerebral haemorrhage in Oxfordshire UK between 1981 and 2006: A population-based study
    • Lovelock CE, Molyneux AJ, Rothwell PM. Change in incidence and aetiology of intracerebral haemorrhage in Oxfordshire, UK, between 1981 and 2006: a population-based study. Lancet Neurol 2007;6(6):487-93
    • (2007) Lancet Neurol , vol.6 , Issue.6 , pp. 487-493
    • Lovelock, C.E.1    Molyneux, A.J.2    Rothwell, P.M.3
  • 24
    • 34547433185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Death and disability from warfarin-associated intracranial and extracranial hemorrhages
    • Fang MC, Go AS, Chang Y, et al. Death and disability from warfarin-associated intracranial and extracranial hemorrhages. Am J Med 2007;120(8):700-5
    • (2007) Am J Med , vol.120 , Issue.8 , pp. 700-705
    • Fang, M.C.1    Go, A.S.2    Chang, Y.3
  • 25
    • 84905280960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of symptomatic hemorrhage in patients with lobar microbleeds
    • van Etten ES, Auriel E, Haley KE, et al. Incidence of symptomatic hemorrhage in patients with lobar microbleeds. Stroke 2014;45(8):2280-5
    • (2014) Stroke , vol.45 , Issue.8 , pp. 2280-2285
    • Van Etten, E.S.1    Auriel, E.2    Haley, K.E.3
  • 26
    • 84889886957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of warfarin on intracranial hemorrhage incidence and fatal outcomes
    • Witt DM, Delate T, Hylek EM, et al. Effect of warfarin on intracranial hemorrhage incidence and fatal outcomes. Thromb Res 2013;132(6):770-5
    • (2013) Thromb Res , vol.132 , Issue.6 , pp. 770-775
    • Witt, D.M.1    Delate, T.2    Hylek, E.M.3
  • 27
    • 0345414673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stroke prevention with the oral direct thrombin inhibitor ximelagatran compared with warfarin in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (SPORTIF III): Randomised controlled trial
    • Olsson SB. Stroke prevention with the oral direct thrombin inhibitor ximelagatran compared with warfarin in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (SPORTIF III): randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2003;362(9397):1691-8
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.362 , Issue.9397 , pp. 1691-1698
    • Olsson, S.B.1
  • 28
    • 34249715284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Major hemorrhage and tolerability of warfarin in the first year of therapy among elderly patients with atrial fibrillation
    • Hylek EM, Evans-Molina C, Shea C, et al. Major hemorrhage and tolerability of warfarin in the first year of therapy among elderly patients with atrial fibrillation. Circulation 2007;115(21):2689-96
    • (2007) Circulation , vol.115 , Issue.21 , pp. 2689-2696
    • Hylek, E.M.1    Evans-Molina, C.2    Shea, C.3
  • 29
    • 33846097748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The increasing incidence of anticoagulant-associated intracerebral hemorrhage
    • Flaherty ML, Kissela B, Woo D, et al. The increasing incidence of anticoagulant-associated intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurology 2007;68(2):116-21
    • (2007) Neurology , vol.68 , Issue.2 , pp. 116-121
    • Flaherty, M.L.1    Kissela, B.2    Woo, D.3
  • 30
    • 33344461585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical classification schemes for predicting hemorrhage: Results from the National Registry of Atrial Fibrillation (NRAF)
    • Gage BF, Yan Y, Milligan PE, et al. Clinical classification schemes for predicting hemorrhage: results from the National Registry of Atrial Fibrillation (NRAF). Am Heart J 2006;151(3):713-19
    • (2006) Am Heart J , vol.151 , Issue.3 , pp. 713-719
    • Gage, B.F.1    Yan, Y.2    Milligan, P.E.3
  • 31
    • 80052094564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new risk scheme to predict warfarin-associated hemorrhage: The ATRIA (Anticoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation) Study
    • Fang MC, Go AS, Chang Y, et al. A new risk scheme to predict warfarin-associated hemorrhage: the ATRIA (Anticoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation) Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011;58(4):395-401
    • (2011) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.58 , Issue.4 , pp. 395-401
    • Fang, M.C.1    Go, A.S.2    Chang, Y.3
  • 32
    • 78650878679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative validation of a novel risk score for predicting bleeding risk in anticoagulated patients with atrial fibrillation: The HAS-BLED (Hypertension, Abnormal Renal/Liver Function, Stroke, Bleeding History or Predisposition, Labile INR, Elderly, Drugs/Alcohol Concomitantly) score
    • Lip GY, Frison L, Halperin JL, Lane DA. Comparative validation of a novel risk score for predicting bleeding risk in anticoagulated patients with atrial fibrillation: the HAS-BLED (Hypertension, Abnormal Renal/Liver Function, Stroke, Bleeding History or Predisposition, Labile INR, Elderly, Drugs/Alcohol Concomitantly) score. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011;57(2):173-80
    • (2011) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.57 , Issue.2 , pp. 173-180
    • Lip, G.Y.1    Frison, L.2    Halperin, J.L.3    Lane, D.A.4
  • 33
    • 84861725443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of risk stratification schemes for ischaemic stroke and bleeding in 182 678 patients with atrial fibrillation: The Swedish Atrial Fibrillation cohort study
    • Friberg L, Rosenqvist M, Lip GY. Evaluation of risk stratification schemes for ischaemic stroke and bleeding in 182 678 patients with atrial fibrillation: the Swedish Atrial Fibrillation cohort study. Eur Heart J 2012;33(12):1500-10
    • (2012) Eur Heart J , vol.33 , Issue.12 , pp. 1500-1510
    • Friberg, L.1    Rosenqvist, M.2    Lip, G.Y.3
  • 34
    • 84865292043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance of the HEMORR(2) HAGES, ATRIA, and HAS-BLED bleeding risk-prediction scores in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing anticoagulation: The AMADEUS (evaluating the use of SR34006 compared to warfarin or acenocoumarol in patients with atrial fibrillation) study
    • Apostolakis S, Lane DA, Guo Y, et al. Performance of the HEMORR(2) HAGES, ATRIA, and HAS-BLED bleeding risk-prediction scores in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing anticoagulation: the AMADEUS (evaluating the use of SR34006 compared to warfarin or acenocoumarol in patients with atrial fibrillation) study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012;60(9):861-7
    • (2012) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.60 , Issue.9 , pp. 861-867
    • Apostolakis, S.1    Lane, D.A.2    Guo, Y.3
  • 35
    • 36048933136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The risk of bleeding with warfarin: A systematic review and performance analysis of clinical prediction rules
    • Dahri K, Loewen P. The risk of bleeding with warfarin: a systematic review and performance analysis of clinical prediction rules. Thromb Haemost 2007;98(5):980-7
    • (2007) Thromb Haemost , vol.98 , Issue.5 , pp. 980-987
    • Dahri, K.1    Loewen, P.2
  • 36
    • 84867890557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scores to predict major bleeding risk during oral anticoagulation therapy: A prospective validation study
    • Donze J, Rodondi N, Waeber G, et al. Scores to predict major bleeding risk during oral anticoagulation therapy: a prospective validation study. Am J Med 2012;125(11):1095-102
    • (2012) Am J Med , vol.125 , Issue.11 , pp. 1095-1102
    • Donze, J.1    Rodondi, N.2    Waeber, G.3
  • 37
    • 84861231518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Net clinical benefit of warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation: A report from the Swedish atrial fibrillation cohort study
    • Friberg L, Rosenqvist M, Lip GY. Net clinical benefit of warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation: a report from the Swedish atrial fibrillation cohort study. Circulation 2012;125(19):2298-307
    • (2012) Circulation , vol.125 , Issue.19 , pp. 2298-2307
    • Friberg, L.1    Rosenqvist, M.2    Lip, G.Y.3
  • 38
    • 82655172003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bleeding risk assessment and management in atrial fibrillation patients. Executive Summary of a Position Document from the European Heart Rhythm Association [EHRA], endorsed by the European Society of Cardiology [ESC] Working Group on Thrombosis
    • Lip GY, Andreotti F, Fauchier L, et al. Bleeding risk assessment and management in atrial fibrillation patients. Executive Summary of a Position Document from the European Heart Rhythm Association [EHRA], endorsed by the European Society of Cardiology [ESC] Working Group on Thrombosis. Thromb Haemost 2011;106(6):997-1011
    • (2011) Thromb Haemost , vol.106 , Issue.6 , pp. 997-1011
    • Lip, G.Y.1    Andreotti, F.2    Fauchier, L.3
  • 39
    • 84899934698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracranial hemorrhage among patients with atrial fibrillation anticoagulated with warfarin or rivaroxaban: The rivaroxaban once daily, oral, direct factor Xa inhibition compared with vitamin K antagonism for prevention of stroke and embolism trial in atrial fibrillation
    • Hankey GJ, Stevens SR, Piccini JP, et al. Intracranial hemorrhage among patients with atrial fibrillation anticoagulated with warfarin or rivaroxaban: the rivaroxaban once daily, oral, direct factor Xa inhibition compared with vitamin K antagonism for prevention of stroke and embolism trial in atrial fibrillation. Stroke 2014;45(5):1304-12
    • (2014) Stroke , vol.45 , Issue.5 , pp. 1304-1312
    • Hankey, G.J.1    Stevens, S.R.2    Piccini, J.P.3
  • 40
    • 77955014011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for ischaemic and intracerebral haemorrhagic stroke in 22 countries (the INTERSTROKE study): A case-control study
    • O'Donnell MJ, Xavier D, Liu L, et al. Risk factors for ischaemic and intracerebral haemorrhagic stroke in 22 countries (the INTERSTROKE study): a case-control study. Lancet 2010;376(9735):112-23
    • (2010) Lancet , vol.376 , Issue.9735 , pp. 112-123
    • O'Donnell, M.J.1    Xavier, D.2    Liu, L.3
  • 41
    • 34848890711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for intracerebral hemorrhage in a pooled prospective study
    • Sturgeon JD, Folsom AR, Longstreth WT Jr, et al. Risk factors for intracerebral hemorrhage in a pooled prospective study. Stroke 2007;38(10):2718-25
    • (2007) Stroke , vol.38 , Issue.10 , pp. 2718-2725
    • Sturgeon, J.D.1    Folsom, A.R.2    Longstreth, Jr.W.T.3
  • 42
    • 77955940982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age as a risk factor for stroke in atrial fibrillation patients: Implications for thromboprophylaxis
    • Marinigh R, Lip GY, Fiotti N, et al. Age as a risk factor for stroke in atrial fibrillation patients: implications for thromboprophylaxis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011;56(11):827-37
    • (2011) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.56 , Issue.11 , pp. 827-837
    • Marinigh, R.1    Lip, G.Y.2    Fiotti, N.3
  • 43
    • 0027291892 scopus 로고
    • Bleeding complications in oral anticoagulant therapy. An analysis of risk factors
    • van der Meer FJ, Rosendaal FR, Vandenbroucke JP, Briet E. Bleeding complications in oral anticoagulant therapy. An analysis of risk factors. Arch Intern Med 1993;153(13):1557-62
    • (1993) Arch Intern Med , vol.153 , Issue.13 , pp. 1557-1562
    • Van Der Meer, F.J.1    Rosendaal, F.R.2    Vandenbroucke, J.P.3    Briet, E.4
  • 44
    • 84867556072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heavy alcohol intake and intracerebral hemorrhage: Characteristics and effect on outcome
    • Casolla B, Dequatre-Ponchelle N, Rossi C, et al. Heavy alcohol intake and intracerebral hemorrhage: characteristics and effect on outcome. Neurology 2012;79(11):1109-15
    • (2012) Neurology , vol.79 , Issue.11 , pp. 1109-1115
    • Casolla, B.1    Dequatre-Ponchelle, N.2    Rossi, C.3
  • 45
    • 33751255101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a contemporary bleeding risk model for elderly warfarin recipients
    • Shireman TI, Mahnken JD, Howard PA, et al. Development of a contemporary bleeding risk model for elderly warfarin recipients. Chest 2006;130(5):1390-6
    • (2006) Chest , vol.130 , Issue.5 , pp. 1390-1396
    • Shireman, T.I.1    Mahnken, J.D.2    Howard, P.A.3
  • 46
    • 69749093331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bleeding with anticoagulation therapy-who is at risk, and how best to identify such patients
    • Palareti G, Cosmi B. Bleeding with anticoagulation therapy-who is at risk, and how best to identify such patients. Thromb Haemost 2009;102(2):268-78
    • (2009) Thromb Haemost , vol.102 , Issue.2 , pp. 268-278
    • Palareti, G.1    Cosmi, B.2
  • 47
    • 0031801103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of major hemorrhage for outpatients treated with warfarin
    • McMahan DA, Smith DM, Carey MA, Zhou XH. Risk of major hemorrhage for outpatients treated with warfarin. J Gen Intern Med 1998;13(5):311-16
    • (1998) J Gen Intern Med , vol.13 , Issue.5 , pp. 311-316
    • McMahan, D.A.1    Smith, D.M.2    Carey, M.A.3    Zhou, X.H.4
  • 48
    • 79960241376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The coagulopathy of chronic liver disease
    • Tripodi A, Mannucci PM. The coagulopathy of chronic liver disease. N Engl J Med 2011;365(2):147-56
    • (2011) N Engl J Med , vol.365 , Issue.2 , pp. 147-156
    • Tripodi, A.1    Mannucci, P.M.2
  • 49
    • 84883242493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atrial fibrillation in chronic kidney disease
    • Ng KP, Edwards NC, Lip GY, et al. Atrial fibrillation in chronic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis 2013;62(3):615-32
    • (2013) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.62 , Issue.3 , pp. 615-632
    • Ng, K.P.1    Edwards, N.C.2    Lip, G.Y.3
  • 50
    • 84901269541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of vitamin K-antagonists (VKA) for atrial fibrillation in non-dialysis dependent chronic kidney disease
    • Kooiman J, van Rein N, Spaans B, et al. Efficacy and safety of vitamin K-antagonists (VKA) for atrial fibrillation in non-dialysis dependent chronic kidney disease. PLoS One 2014;9(5):e94420
    • (2014) PLoS One , vol.9 , Issue.5 , pp. e94420
    • Kooiman, J.1    Van Rein, N.2    Spaans, B.3
  • 51
    • 84901845617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective study of estimated glomerular filtration rate and outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation: The Loire Valley Atrial Fibrillation Project
    • Banerjee A, Fauchier L, Vourc'h P, et al. A prospective study of estimated glomerular filtration rate and outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation: the Loire Valley Atrial Fibrillation Project. Chest 2014;145(6):1370-82
    • (2014) Chest , vol.145 , Issue.6 , pp. 1370-1382
    • Banerjee, A.1    Fauchier, L.2    Vourc'H, P.3
  • 52
    • 77956899158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of bleeding with single, dual, or triple therapy with warfarin, aspirin, and clopidogrel in patients with atrial fibrillation
    • Hansen ML, Sorensen R, Clausen MT, et al. Risk of bleeding with single, dual, or triple therapy with warfarin, aspirin, and clopidogrel in patients with atrial fibrillation. Arch Intern Med 2010;170(16):1433-41
    • (2010) Arch Intern Med , vol.170 , Issue.16 , pp. 1433-1441
    • Hansen, M.L.1    Sorensen, R.2    Clausen, M.T.3
  • 53
    • 84862907587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rivaroxaban in patients with a recent acute coronary syndrome
    • Mega JL, Braunwald E, Wiviott SD, et al. Rivaroxaban in patients with a recent acute coronary syndrome. N Engl J Med 2012;366(1):9-19
    • (2012) N Engl J Med , vol.366 , Issue.1 , pp. 9-19
    • Mega, J.L.1    Braunwald, E.2    Wiviott, S.D.3
  • 54
    • 80052162121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apixaban with antiplatelet therapy after acute coronary syndrome
    • Alexander JH, Lopes RD, James S, et al. Apixaban with antiplatelet therapy after acute coronary syndrome. N Engl J Med 2011;365(8):699-708
    • (2011) N Engl J Med , vol.365 , Issue.8 , pp. 699-708
    • Alexander, J.H.1    Lopes, R.D.2    James, S.3
  • 55
    • 84873569160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concomitant use of antiplatelet therapy with dabigatran or warfarin in the Randomized Evaluation of LongTerm Anticoagulation Therapy (RE-LY) trial
    • Dans AL, Connolly SJ, Wallentin L, et al. Concomitant use of antiplatelet therapy with dabigatran or warfarin in the Randomized Evaluation of LongTerm Anticoagulation Therapy (RE-LY) trial. Circulation 2013;127(5):634-40
    • (2013) Circulation , vol.127 , Issue.5 , pp. 634-640
    • Dans, A.L.1    Connolly, S.J.2    Wallentin, L.3
  • 56
    • 41249103502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonaspirin nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and hemorrhagic stroke risk: The Acute Brain Bleeding Analysis study
    • Choi NK, Park BJ, Jeong SW, et al. Nonaspirin nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and hemorrhagic stroke risk: the Acute Brain Bleeding Analysis study. Stroke 2008;39(3):845-9
    • (2008) Stroke , vol.39 , Issue.3 , pp. 845-849
    • Choi, N.K.1    Park, B.J.2    Jeong, S.W.3
  • 57
    • 77956416571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased risk of stroke associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: A nationwide case-crossover study
    • Chang CH, Shau WY, Kuo CW, et al. Increased risk of stroke associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: a nationwide case-crossover study. Stroke 2010;41(9):1884-90
    • (2010) Stroke , vol.41 , Issue.9 , pp. 1884-1890
    • Chang, C.H.1    Shau, W.Y.2    Kuo, C.W.3
  • 58
    • 67650896298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypertension and cerebrovascular damage
    • Veglio F, Paglieri C, Rabbia F, et al. Hypertension and cerebrovascular damage. Atherosclerosis 2009;205(2):331-41
    • (2009) Atherosclerosis , vol.205 , Issue.2 , pp. 331-341
    • Veglio, F.1    Paglieri, C.2    Rabbia, F.3
  • 59
    • 0033364292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Histopathologic analysis of foci of signal loss on gradient-echo T2∗-weighted MR images in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: Evidence of microangiopathy-related microbleeds
    • Fazekas F, Kleinert R, Roob G, et al. Histopathologic analysis of foci of signal loss on gradient-echo T2∗-weighted MR images in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: evidence of microangiopathy-related microbleeds. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1999;20(4):637-42
    • (1999) AJNR Am J Neuroradiol , vol.20 , Issue.4 , pp. 637-642
    • Fazekas, F.1    Kleinert, R.2    Roob, G.3
  • 60
    • 0034633751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Warfarin-associated hemorrhage and cerebral amyloid angiopathy: A genetic and pathologic study
    • Rosand J, Hylek EM, O'Donnell HC, Greenberg SM. Warfarin-associated hemorrhage and cerebral amyloid angiopathy: a genetic and pathologic study. Neurology 2000;55(7):947-51
    • (2000) Neurology , vol.55 , Issue.7 , pp. 947-951
    • Rosand, J.1    Hylek, E.M.2    O'Donnell, H.C.3    Greenberg, S.M.4
  • 61
    • 77953133723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antithrombotic drug use, cerebral microbleeds, and intracerebral hemorrhage: A systematic review of published and unpublished studies
    • Lovelock CE, Cordonnier C, Naka H, et al. Antithrombotic drug use, cerebral microbleeds, and intracerebral hemorrhage: a systematic review of published and unpublished studies. Stroke 2010;41(6):1222-8
    • (2010) Stroke , vol.41 , Issue.6 , pp. 1222-1228
    • Lovelock, C.E.1    Cordonnier, C.2    Naka, H.3
  • 62
    • 0037817710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anticoagulant-related bleeding in older persons with atrial fibrillation: Physicians' fears often unfounded
    • Man-Son-Hing M, Laupacis A. Anticoagulant-related bleeding in older persons with atrial fibrillation: physicians' fears often unfounded. Arch Intern Med 2003;163(13):1580-6
    • (2003) Arch Intern Med , vol.163 , Issue.13 , pp. 1580-1586
    • Man-Son-Hing, M.1    Laupacis, A.2
  • 63
    • 19544361856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of intracranial hemorrhage in patients with atrial fibrillation who are prone to fall
    • Gage BF, Birman-Deych E, Kerzner R, et al. Incidence of intracranial hemorrhage in patients with atrial fibrillation who are prone to fall. Am J Med 2005;118(6):612-17
    • (2005) Am J Med , vol.118 , Issue.6 , pp. 612-617
    • Gage, B.F.1    Birman-Deych, E.2    Kerzner, R.3
  • 64
    • 34447333944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial/ethnic differences in the risk of intracranial hemorrhage among patients with atrial fibrillation
    • Shen AY, Yao JF, Brar SS, et al. Racial/ethnic differences in the risk of intracranial hemorrhage among patients with atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;50(4):309-15
    • (2007) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.50 , Issue.4 , pp. 309-315
    • Shen, A.Y.1    Yao, J.F.2    Brar, S.S.3
  • 65
    • 84921793276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • APOE epsilon variants increase risk of warfarin-related intracerebral hemorrhage
    • Falcone GJ, Radmanesh F, Brouwers HB, et al. APOE epsilon variants increase risk of warfarin-related intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurology 2014;83(13):1139-46
    • (2014) Neurology , vol.83 , Issue.13 , pp. 1139-1146
    • Falcone, G.J.1    Radmanesh, F.2    Brouwers, H.B.3
  • 66
    • 19644400842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advanced age, anticoagulation intensity, and risk for intracranial hemorrhage among patients taking warfarin for atrial fibrillation
    • Fang MC, Chang Y, Hylek EM, et al. Advanced age, anticoagulation intensity, and risk for intracranial hemorrhage among patients taking warfarin for atrial fibrillation. Ann Intern Med 2004;141(10):745-52
    • (2004) Ann Intern Med , vol.141 , Issue.10 , pp. 745-752
    • Fang, M.C.1    Chang, Y.2    Hylek, E.M.3
  • 67
    • 84155178097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors of vitamin K antagonist overcoagulation
    • Marie I, Leprince P, Menard JF, et al. Risk factors of vitamin K antagonist overcoagulation. QJM 2012;105(1):53-62
    • (2012) QJM , vol.105 , Issue.1 , pp. 53-62
    • Marie, I.1    Leprince, P.2    Menard, J.F.3
  • 68
    • 64749108509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Warfarin treatment in patients with atrial fibrillation: Observing outcomes associated with varying levels of INR control
    • Morgan CL, McEwan P, Tukiendorf A, et al. Warfarin treatment in patients with atrial fibrillation: observing outcomes associated with varying levels of INR control. Thromb Res 2009;124(1):37-41
    • (2009) Thromb Res , vol.124 , Issue.1 , pp. 37-41
    • Morgan, C.L.1    McEwan, P.2    Tukiendorf, A.3
  • 69
    • 77956977472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of dabigatran compared with warfarin at different levels of international normalised ratio control for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: An analysis of the RE-LY trial
    • Wallentin L, Yusuf S, Ezekowitz MD, et al. Efficacy and safety of dabigatran compared with warfarin at different levels of international normalised ratio control for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: an analysis of the RE-LY trial. Lancet 2010;376(9745):975-83
    • (2010) Lancet , vol.376 , Issue.9745 , pp. 975-983
    • Wallentin, L.1    Yusuf, S.2    Ezekowitz, M.D.3
  • 70
    • 15844427401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bleeding complications of oral anticoagulant treatment: An inception-cohort, prospective collaborative study (ISCOAT). Italian Study on Complications of Oral Anticoagulant Therapy
    • Palareti G, Leali N, Coccheri S, et al. Bleeding complications of oral anticoagulant treatment: an inception-cohort, prospective collaborative study (ISCOAT). Italian Study on Complications of Oral Anticoagulant Therapy. Lancet 1996;348(9025):423-8
    • (1996) Lancet , vol.348 , Issue.9025 , pp. 423-428
    • Palareti, G.1    Leali, N.2    Coccheri, S.3
  • 71
    • 0039327374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anticoagulation for nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation
    • author reply 42
    • Hart RG. Anticoagulation for nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 1997;336(6):441-2; author reply 42
    • (1997) N Engl J Med , vol.336 , Issue.6 , pp. 441-442
    • Hart, R.G.1
  • 72
    • 75749095224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lower versus standard intensity oral anticoagulant therapy (OAT) in elderly warfarin-experienced patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation
    • Pengo V, Cucchini U, Denas G, et al. Lower versus standard intensity oral anticoagulant therapy (OAT) in elderly warfarin-experienced patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Thromb Haemost 2010;103(2):442-9
    • (2010) Thromb Haemost , vol.103 , Issue.2 , pp. 442-449
    • Pengo, V.1    Cucchini, U.2    Denas, G.3
  • 73
    • 0034036322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimal intensity of warfarin therapy for secondary prevention of stroke in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: A multicenter, prospective, randomized trial. Japanese Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation-Embolism Secondary Prevention Cooperative Study Group
    • Yamaguchi T. Optimal intensity of warfarin therapy for secondary prevention of stroke in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: a multicenter, prospective, randomized trial. Japanese Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation-Embolism Secondary Prevention Cooperative Study Group. Stroke 2000;31(4):817-21
    • (2000) Stroke , vol.31 , Issue.4 , pp. 817-821
    • Yamaguchi, T.1
  • 74
    • 84870574003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Warfarin-antibiotic interactions in older adults of an outpatient anticoagulation clinic
    • Ghaswalla PK, Harpe SE, Tassone D, Slattum PW. Warfarin-antibiotic interactions in older adults of an outpatient anticoagulation clinic. Am J Geriatr Pharmacother 2012;10(6):352-60
    • (2012) Am J Geriatr Pharmacother , vol.10 , Issue.6 , pp. 352-360
    • Ghaswalla, P.K.1    Harpe, S.E.2    Tassone, D.3    Slattum, P.W.4
  • 75
    • 0029610208 scopus 로고
    • Adverse interactions between warfarin and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs: Mechanisms, clinical significance, and avoidance
    • Chan TY. Adverse interactions between warfarin and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs: mechanisms, clinical significance, and avoidance. Ann Pharmacother 1995;29(12):1274-83
    • (1995) Ann Pharmacother , vol.29 , Issue.12 , pp. 1274-1283
    • Chan, T.Y.1
  • 76
    • 84866866045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase III studies on novel oral anticoagulants for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: A look beyond the excellent results
    • Pengo V, Crippa L, Falanga A, et al. Phase III studies on novel oral anticoagulants for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: a look beyond the excellent results. J Thromb Haemost 2012;10(10):1979-87
    • (2012) J Thromb Haemost , vol.10 , Issue.10 , pp. 1979-1987
    • Pengo, V.1    Crippa, L.2    Falanga, A.3
  • 77
    • 77950880770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New anticoagulants
    • Eikelboom JW, Weitz JI. New anticoagulants. Circulation 2010;121(13):1523-32
    • (2010) Circulation , vol.121 , Issue.13 , pp. 1523-1532
    • Eikelboom, J.W.1    Weitz, J.I.2
  • 78
    • 70349306707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation
    • Connolly SJ, Ezekowitz MD, Yusuf S, et al. Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2009;361(12):1139-51
    • (2009) N Engl J Med , vol.361 , Issue.12 , pp. 1139-1151
    • Connolly, S.J.1    Ezekowitz, M.D.2    Yusuf, S.3
  • 79
    • 84888362796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Edoxaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation
    • Giugliano RP, Ruff CT, Braunwald E, et al. Edoxaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2013;369(22):2093-104
    • (2013) N Engl J Med , vol.369 , Issue.22 , pp. 2093-2104
    • Giugliano, R.P.1    Ruff, C.T.2    Braunwald, E.3
  • 80
    • 80052825103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation
    • Granger CB, Alexander JH, McMurray JJ, et al. Apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2011;365(11):981-92
    • (2011) N Engl J Med , vol.365 , Issue.11 , pp. 981-992
    • Granger, C.B.1    Alexander, J.H.2    McMurray, J.J.3
  • 81
    • 80052592404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rivaroxaban versus warfarin in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation
    • Patel MR, Mahaffey KW, Garg J, et al. Rivaroxaban versus warfarin in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2011;365(10):883-91
    • (2011) N Engl J Med , vol.365 , Issue.10 , pp. 883-891
    • Patel, M.R.1    Mahaffey, K.W.2    Garg, J.3
  • 83
    • 84904981829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of apixaban compared with aspirin in patients who previously tried but failed treatment with vitamin K antagonists: Results from the AVERROES trial
    • Coppens M, Synhorst D, Eikelboom JW, et al. Efficacy and safety of apixaban compared with aspirin in patients who previously tried but failed treatment with vitamin K antagonists: results from the AVERROES trial. Eur Heart J 2014;35(28):1856-63
    • (2014) Eur Heart J , vol.35 , Issue.28 , pp. 1856-1863
    • Coppens, M.1    Synhorst, D.2    Eikelboom, J.W.3
  • 84
    • 84857737421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Net clinical benefit of new oral anticoagulants (dabigatran rivaroxaban apixaban) versus no treatment in a 'real world' atrial fibrillation population: A modelling analysis based on a nationwide cohort study
    • Banerjee A, Lane DA, Torp-Pedersen C, Lip GY. Net clinical benefit of new oral anticoagulants (dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban) versus no treatment in a 'real world' atrial fibrillation population: a modelling analysis based on a nationwide cohort study. Thromb Haemost 2011;107(3):584-9
    • (2011) Thromb Haemost , vol.107 , Issue.3 , pp. 584-589
    • Banerjee, A.1    Lane, D.A.2    Torp-Pedersen, C.3    Lip, G.Y.4
  • 85
    • 84888197736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management and outcomes of major bleeding during treatment with dabigatran or warfarin
    • Majeed A, Hwang HG, Connolly SJ, et al. Management and outcomes of major bleeding during treatment with dabigatran or warfarin. Circulation 2013;128(21):2325-32
    • (2013) Circulation , vol.128 , Issue.21 , pp. 2325-2332
    • Majeed, A.1    Hwang, H.G.2    Connolly, S.J.3
  • 86
    • 84904129516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of major bleeding events in patients treated with rivaroxaban vs. Warfarin: Results from the ROCKET AF trial
    • Piccini JP, Garg J, Patel MR, et al. Management of major bleeding events in patients treated with rivaroxaban vs. warfarin: results from the ROCKET AF trial. Eur Heart J 2014;35(28):1873-80
    • (2014) Eur Heart J , vol.35 , Issue.28 , pp. 1873-1880
    • Piccini, J.P.1    Garg, J.2    Patel, M.R.3
  • 87
    • 84900992940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Major bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation receiving apixaban or warfarin: The ARISTOTLE Trial (Apixaban for Reduction in Stroke and Other Thromboembolic Events in Atrial Fibrillation): Predictors, Characteristics, and Clinical Outcomes
    • Hylek EM, Held C, Alexander JH, et al. Major bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation receiving apixaban or warfarin: the ARISTOTLE Trial (Apixaban for Reduction in Stroke and Other Thromboembolic Events in Atrial Fibrillation): Predictors, Characteristics, and Clinical Outcomes. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014;63(20):2141-7
    • (2014) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.63 , Issue.20 , pp. 2141-2147
    • Hylek, E.M.1    Held, C.2    Alexander, J.H.3
  • 88
    • 84905961428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracranial hemorrhage mortality in atrial fibrillation patients treated with dabigatran or warfarin
    • Alonso A, Bengtson LG, MacLehose RF, et al. Intracranial hemorrhage mortality in atrial fibrillation patients treated with dabigatran or warfarin. Stroke 2014;45(8):2286-91
    • (2014) Stroke , vol.45 , Issue.8 , pp. 2286-2291
    • Alonso, A.1    Bengtson, L.G.2    MacLehose, R.F.3
  • 89
    • 84925223157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reversal agents in development for the new oral anticoagulants
    • Costin J, Ansell J, Laulicht B, et al. Reversal agents in development for the new oral anticoagulants. Postgrad Med 2014;126(7):19-24
    • (2014) Postgrad Med , vol.126 , Issue.7 , pp. 19-24
    • Costin, J.1    Ansell, J.2    Laulicht, B.3
  • 90
    • 84884512133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with mechanical heart valves
    • Eikelboom JW, Connolly SJ, Brueckmann M, et al. Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with mechanical heart valves. N Engl J Med 2013;369(13):1206-14
    • (2013) N Engl J Med , vol.369 , Issue.13 , pp. 1206-1214
    • Eikelboom, J.W.1    Connolly, S.J.2    Brueckmann, M.3
  • 91
    • 84877301336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Heart Rhythm Association Practical Guide on the use of new oral anticoagulants in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation
    • Heidbuchel H, Verhamme P, Alings M, et al. European Heart Rhythm Association Practical Guide on the use of new oral anticoagulants in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Europace 2013;15(5):625-51
    • (2013) Europace , vol.15 , Issue.5 , pp. 625-651
    • Heidbuchel, H.1    Verhamme, P.2    Alings, M.3
  • 92
    • 84895452890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparisons between novel oral anticoagulants and vitamin K antagonists in patients with chronic kidney disease
    • Harel Z, Sholzberg M, Shah PS, et al. Comparisons between novel oral anticoagulants and vitamin K antagonists in patients with chronic kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2014;25(3):431-42
    • (2014) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.25 , Issue.3 , pp. 431-442
    • Harel, Z.1    Sholzberg, M.2    Shah, P.S.3
  • 93
    • 0033562553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implementing evidence based medicine in general practice: Audit and qualitative study of antithrombotic treatment for atrial fibrillation
    • Howitt A, Armstrong D. Implementing evidence based medicine in general practice: audit and qualitative study of antithrombotic treatment for atrial fibrillation. Bmj 1999;318(7194):1324-7
    • (1999) Bmj , vol.318 , Issue.7194 , pp. 1324-1327
    • Howitt, A.1    Armstrong, D.2
  • 94
    • 0037228460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between patients' warfarin knowledge and anticoagulation control
    • Tang EO, Lai CS, Lee KK, et al. Relationship between patients' warfarin knowledge and anticoagulation control. Ann Pharmacother 2003;37(1):34-9
    • (2003) Ann Pharmacother , vol.37 , Issue.1 , pp. 34-39
    • Tang, E.O.1    Lai, C.S.2    Lee, K.K.3
  • 95
    • 84883622790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Educational intervention improves anticoagulation control in atrial fibrillation patients: The TREAT randomised trial
    • Clarkesmith DE, Pattison HM, Lip GY, Lane DA. Educational intervention improves anticoagulation control in atrial fibrillation patients: the TREAT randomised trial. PLoS One 2013;8(9):e74037
    • (2013) PLoS One , vol.8 , Issue.9 , pp. e74037
    • Clarkesmith, D.E.1    Pattison, H.M.2    Lip, G.Y.3    Lane, D.A.4
  • 96
    • 84875780959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dabigatran and postmarketing reports of bleeding
    • Southworth MR, Reichman ME, Unger EF. Dabigatran and postmarketing reports of bleeding. N Engl J Med 2013;368(14):1272-4
    • (2013) N Engl J Med , vol.368 , Issue.14 , pp. 1272-1274
    • Southworth, M.R.1    Reichman, M.E.2    Unger, E.F.3
  • 97
    • 25444442635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Utility of transesophageal echocardiography in identification of thrombogenic milieu in patients with atrial fibrillation (an ACUTE ancillary study)
    • Thambidorai SK, Murray RD, Parakh K, et al. Utility of transesophageal echocardiography in identification of thrombogenic milieu in patients with atrial fibrillation (an ACUTE ancillary study). Am J Cardiol 2005;96(7):935-41
    • (2005) Am J Cardiol , vol.96 , Issue.7 , pp. 935-941
    • Thambidorai, S.K.1    Murray, R.D.2    Parakh, K.3
  • 98
    • 84874001138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Percutaneous left atrial appendage closure for stroke prophylaxis in patients with atrial fibrillation: 2.3-Year Follow-up of the PROTECT AF (Watchman Left Atrial Appendage System for Embolic Protection in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation) Trial
    • Reddy VY, Doshi SK, Sievert H, et al. Percutaneous left atrial appendage closure for stroke prophylaxis in patients with atrial fibrillation: 2.3-Year Follow-up of the PROTECT AF (Watchman Left Atrial Appendage System for Embolic Protection in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation) Trial. Circulation 2013;127(6):720-9
    • (2013) Circulation , vol.127 , Issue.6 , pp. 720-729
    • Reddy, V.Y.1    Doshi, S.K.2    Sievert, H.3
  • 99
    • 84895731711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Left atrial appendage occlusion in atrial fibrillation after intracranial hemorrhage
    • Horstmann S, Zugck C, Krumsdorf U, et al. Left atrial appendage occlusion in atrial fibrillation after intracranial hemorrhage. Neurology 2014;82(2):135-8
    • (2014) Neurology , vol.82 , Issue.2 , pp. 135-138
    • Horstmann, S.1    Zugck, C.2    Krumsdorf, U.3
  • 100
    • 40949087649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Don't add aspirin for associated stable vascular disease in a patient with atrial fibrillation receiving anticoagulation
    • Lip GY. Don't add aspirin for associated stable vascular disease in a patient with atrial fibrillation receiving anticoagulation. Bmj 2008;336(7644):614-15
    • (2008) Bmj , vol.336 , Issue.7644 , pp. 614-615
    • Lip, G.Y.1
  • 101
    • 84921312430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome and/or undergoing percutaneous coronary or valve interventions: A joint consensus document of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Thrombosis
    • European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA), European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI) and European Association of Acute Cardiac Care (ACCA) endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) and Asia-Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS)
    • Lip GY, Windecker S, Huber K, et al. Management of antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome and/or undergoing percutaneous coronary or valve interventions: a joint consensus document of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Thrombosis, European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA), European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI) and European Association of Acute Cardiac Care (ACCA) endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) and Asia-Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS). Eur Heart J 2014;35(45):3155-79
    • (2014) Eur Heart J , vol.35 , Issue.45 , pp. 3155-3179
    • Lip, G.Y.1    Windecker, S.2    Huber, K.3
  • 102
    • 84890264211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral microbleeds and macrobleeds: Should they influence our recommendations for antithrombotic therapies?
    • Haley KE, Greenberg SM, Gurol ME. Cerebral microbleeds and macrobleeds: should they influence our recommendations for antithrombotic therapies? Curr Cardiol Rep 2013;15(12):425
    • (2013) Curr Cardiol Rep , vol.15 , Issue.12 , pp. 425
    • Haley, K.E.1    Greenberg, S.M.2    Gurol, M.E.3
  • 103
    • 23044505564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Definition of major bleeding in clinical investigations of antihemostatic medicinal products in non-surgical patients
    • Schulman S, Kearon C. Definition of major bleeding in clinical investigations of antihemostatic medicinal products in non-surgical patients. J Thromb Haemost 2005;3(4):692-4
    • (2005) J Thromb Haemost , vol.3 , Issue.4 , pp. 692-694
    • Schulman, S.1    Kearon, C.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.