Independence without Freedom: Iran's Foreign Policy

Independence without Freedom: Iran's Foreign Policy

Volumn , Issue , 2013, Pages 1-388

  Ramazani, R K ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA   (United States)

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EID: 84928271087     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (284)

1. Peter Avery: "Trends in Iran in the Past Five Years," World Today 21, no. 7 (July 1965): 279-90
2. Gabriel A. Almond, Political Development: Essays in Heuristic Theory (Boston, 1970), 223-33
3. R. K. Ramazani, The Foreign Policy of Iran, 1500-1941: A Developing Nation in World Affairs (Charlottesville, 1966)
4. Gabriel A. Almond, "National Politics and International Politics," in The Search for World Order: Studies by Students and Colleagues of Quincy Wright, edited by Albert Lepawsky, Edward H. Buehrig, and Harold D. Lasswell (New York, 1971), 283-97
5. Nikki R. Keddie, "The Iranian Power Structure and Social Change, 1800-1969: An Overview," International Journal of Middle East Studies 2, no. 1 (January 1971): 3-20
6. Ann K. S. Lambton, "The Impact of the West on Persia," International Affairs 33, no. 1 (January 1957): 12-25
7. Helen Miller Davis, Constitutions, Electoral Laws, Treaties of States in the Near and Middle East (Durham, NC, 1953), 104-30
8. Almond, Political Development, 229-30
9. E. G. Browne, "The Persian Constitutional Movement," in Proceedings of the British Academy (London, 1917-18), 223-24
10. Ramazani, Foreign Policy of Iran, 256-57
11. Banani, Modernization of Iran, 70
12. Ramazani, Foreign Policy of Iran, 243-45
13. U.S. Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States, 1946, vol. 7, The Near East and Africa (Washington, DC, 1969), 490-91, 505
14. R. K. Ramazani, "Iran's Changing Foreign Policy: A Preliminary Discussion," Middle East Journal 24, no. 4 (Autumn 1970): 421-37
15. Ramazani, The Persian Gulf: Iran's Role (Charlottesville, 1972)
16. R. K. Ramazani, "The Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan and the Kurdish People's Republic: Their Rise and Fall," Studies on the Soviet Union, ser. 2, 16, no. 4 (1971): 401-27
17. "Iran's Foreign Policy Perspectives and Projections," in Economic Consequences of the Revolution in Iran: A Compendium of Papers Submitted to the Joint Economic Committee, Congress of the United States (Washington, DC, 1980), 65-97, 443
18. R. K. Ramazani, The Foreign Policy of Iran, 1500-1941: A Developing Nation in World Affairs (Charlottesville, 1966)
19. R. K. Ramazani, Iran's Foreign Policy, 1941-1973: A Study of Foreign Policy in Modernizing Nations (Charlottesville, 1975)
20. R. K. Ramazani, "Iran's Revolution in Perspective," in The Impact of the Iranian Events upon Persian Gulf and United States Security, project director Z. Michael Szaz (Washington, DC, 1979), 19-37
21. Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, Islamic Government [in Persian] (n.p., n.d.)
22. Nedat-e Khalq [The voice of God], vol. 1 (Paris, 1978)
23. Ali Shari'ati, On the Sociology of Islam, translated by Hamid Algar (Berkeley, 1979)
24. Franz Fanon, The Wretched of the Earth (New York, 1963)
25. For the phrase "monolithic movement,"
26. Middle East Journal 34, no. 2 (Spring 1980): 181-204
27. Mohandes Mehdih Bazargan, Rah-e Tay Shodeh [The paved path], published between 1941 and 1953
28. Ali-Reza Nobari, ed., Iran Erupts, (Stanford, 1978)
29. Abolhassan Bani-Sadr, Naft va Solteh, ya Naqsh-e Naft dar Tos'ah-ye Sarmayeh-dars dar Pahneh-ye Jahan va Zaman [Oil and dominance, or the role of religious capitalism in the spectrum of the world] (Tehran, 1977)
30. Ramazani, Iran's Foreign Policy, 1941-1973.14
31. New York Times, 2 April 1979
32. Ettela'at, 3 April 1979
33. R. K. Ramazani, Beyond the Arab-Israeli Settlement: New Directions for U.S. Policy in the Middle East (Cambridge, MA, 1977), 36-40.
34. "Iran's Revolution: Patterns, Problems, and Prospects," pp. 33-49
35. R. K. Ramazani, The United States and Iran: The Patterns of Influence (New York, 1982).
36. "Who Lost America? The Case of Iran," pp. 50-67
37. Pierre Salinger, America Held Hostage: The Secret Negotiations (New York, 1981)
38. Christian Science Monitor, 12 May 1982
39. Yann Richard in Nikki R. Keddie, Roots of Revolution: An Interpretive History of Modern Iran (New Haven, 1981), esp. 205-6
40. Haj Ruhollah Musavi Khomeini, Kashf-e Assrar [Discovery of secrets] (Tehran, 1944)
41. Foreign Broadcast Information Service, Daily Report, vol. 5, Middle East and North Africa (FBIS-MEA), 24 March 1980
42. These points are based on my Iran's Foreign Policy, 1941-1973: A Study of Foreign Policy in Modernizing Nations (Charlottesville, 1975)
43. The United States and Iran: The Patterns of Influence (New York, 1982)
44. Middle East Economic Digest, 30 April 1982, 8
45. R. K. Ramazani, "Emerging Patterns of Regional Relations in Iranian Foreign Policy," Orbis 18 (1975): 1043-69
46. R. K. Ramazani, "Iran's Revolution in Perspective," in The Impact of the Iranian Events upon Persian Gulf and United States Security, project director Z. Michael Szaz (Washington, DC, 1979), 19-37
47. Ramazani, "Iran's Foreign Policy: Perspectives and Projections," in Economic Consequences of the Revolution in Iran: A Compendium of Papers Submitted to the Joint Economic Committee, Congress of the United States (Washington, DC, 1980), 65-97
48. Ramazani, "Iran's Revolution: Patterns, Problems, and Prospects," pp. 33-49
49. R. K. Ramazani, The United States and Iran: The Patterns of Influence (New York, 1982)
50. R. K. Ramazani, "Who Lost America? The Case of Iran," pp. 50-67
51. R. K. Ramazani, The Foreign Policy of Iran, 1500-1941: A Developing Nation in World Affairs (Charlottesville, 1966), 63-65
52. Akbar Hashemi-Rafsanjani, Amir Kabir Ya Qahreman-e Mobarezeh Ba Iste'mar [Amir Kabir or champion of the struggle against colonialism] (Qom, [1967/68])
53. Foreign Broadcast Information Service, Daily Report, vol. 5, Middle East and North Africa (FBIS-MEA), 3 January 1980, 25
54. Mohandes Mehdi Bazargan, Enqelab-e Iran dar Dau Harekat (The Iranian Revolution in two phases) (Tehran, [1983/84]), esp. 110-11
55. R. K. Ramazani, "Treaty Relations: An Iranian-Soviet Case Study," in The Search for World Order: Studies by Students and Colleagues of Quincy Wright, edited by Albert Lepawsky, Edward H. Buehrig, and Harold D. Lasswell (New York, 1979), 298-311
56. R. K. Ramazani, "The Genesis of the Carter Doctrine," in Middle East Perspectives, edited by George S. Wise and Charles Issawi (Princeton, 1981), 165-80
57. R. K. Ramazani, "Khomeini's Islam in Iran's Foreign Policy," pp. 71-93
58. Ramazani, "Khomeini's Islam," p. 81
59. R. K. Ramazani, Revolutionary Iran: Challenge and Response in the Middle East (1986; Baltimore, 1988), 176-78
60. R. K. Ramazani, The Gulf Cooperation Council: Record and Analysis (Charlottesville, 1988)
61. R. K. Ramazani, "Iran's Revolution and the Persian Gulf," Current History 84 (January 1985): 5-8, 40-41
62. Ramazani, Revolutionary Iran, 42-52, 175-95
63. Ramazani, "Sociopolitical Change in the Gulf: A Climate for Terrorism?," pp. 263-84
64. R. K. Ramazani, "Iran," in Yearbook on International Communist Affairs, edited by Richard F. Staar (Stanford, CA, 1987 and 1988), 432-36 and 408-12, respectively
65. Gozaresh-e Seminar (Tehran), no. 2 (1983-84): 36
66. R. K. Ramazani, "Revolutionary Iran's Open Door Policy," Harvard International Review, January 1987, 11-15
67. Foreign Broadcast Information Service, Daily Report, vol. 2, Near East and South Asia (FBIS-NES), 4 October 1988, 46-48
68. Ramazani, "Iran," in Staar, Yearbook (1988), 408-12
69. R. K. Ramazani, "Iran: Burying the Hatchet," pp. 94-110
70. Middle East Economic Digest, 12 August 1988, 8
71. Ramazani, Revolutionary Iran, 253-69
72. Economist (London), 14 February 1987, 30
73. R. K. Ramazani, The United States and Iran: The Patterns of Influence (New York, 1982)
74. R. K. Ramazani, "Iran's Revolution in Perspective," in The Impact of the Events upon Persian Gulf and United States Security, project director Z. Michael Szaz (Washington, DC, 1979), 19-37
75. Ramazani, "Iran's Foreign Policy: Perspectives and Projections," in Economic Consequences of the Revolution in Iran: A Compendium of Papers Submitted to the Joint Economic Committee, Congress of the United States (Washington, DC, 1980), 65-97
76. Ramazani, "Iran's Revolution: Patterns, Problems and Prospects," pp. 33-49
77. R. K. Ramazani, The Foreign Policy of Iran, 1500-1941: A Developing Nation in World Affairs (Charlottesville, 1966), 63-65
78. R. K. Ramazani, Iran's Foreign Policy, 1941-1973: A Study of Foreign Policy in Modernizing Nations (Charlottesville, 1975), 181-250
79. R. K. Ramazani, "Treaty Relations: An Iranian-Soviet Case Study," in The Search for World Order: Studies by Students and Colleagues of Quincy Wright, edited by Albert Lepawsky, Edward H. Buehrig, and Harold D. Lasswell (New York, 1979), 298-311
80. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Iraq, The Iraqi-Iranian Dispute: Facts v. Allegations (New York, 1980), 65
81. R. K. Ramazani, Revolutionary Iran: Challenge and Response in the Middle East (Baltimore, 1986), 49
82. Foreign Broadcast Information Service, Daily Report, vol. 5, Middle East and North Africa (FBIS-MEA) , 20 November 1979
83. Middle East Journal 34 (Spring 1980): 181-204
84. Foreign Broadcast Information Service, Daily Report, vol. 8, South Asia (FBIS-SA), 8 July 1981
85. R. K. Ramazani, "Iran's Foreign Policy: Contending Orientations," pp. 111-27
86. Malise Ruthven, Islam in the World (New York, 1984), 227
87. Michael Joseph Smith's excellent article "Ethics and Intervention" in Ethics and International Affairs 3 (1989): 1-26
88. Ramazani, Revolutionary Iran;
89. Ramazani, "Iran's Islamic Revolution and the Persian Gulf," Current History 84 (January 1985): 5-8, 40-41
90. Ramazani, "Sociopolitical Change in the Gulf: A Climate for Terrorism?," pp. 263-84 in this volume; and
91. Ramazani, The Gulf Cooperation Council: Record and Analysis (Charlottesville, 1988), 33-59
92. R. K. Ramazani's analysis in the Washington Post, 2 July 1989, C2
93. Gozaresh-e-Seminar (Tehran), no. 2 (1983-84): 36
94. "Children of the Islamic Revolution," Economist (London), 18 January 1997, 3-16
95. Eric Hooglund, "Mythology Versus Reality: Iran's Political Economy and the Clinton Administration," Critique 6, no. 11 (Fall 1997): 37-51
96. Milton P. Buffington, ed., Meet Mr. Khatami: The Fifth President of the Islamic Republic, translated by Minoo R. Buffington (Washington, DC, 1997), 17
97. Buffington, Meet Mr. Khatami, 17
98. "Statement by H. E. Seyyed Mohammad Khatami," 2
99. R. K. Ramazani, The Persian Gulf: Iran's Role (Charlottesville, 1972), 56-68
100. The Foreign Policy of Iran, 1500-1941: A Developing Nation in World Affairs (Charlottesville, 1966)
101. Iran's Foreign Policy, 1941-1973: A Study of Foreign Policy in Modernizing Nations (Charlottesville, 1975)
102. Revolutionary Iran: Challenge and Response in the Middle East (1986;Baltimore, 1988)
103. Max Weber, Economy and Society: An Outline of Interpretive Sociology, edited by Guenther Roth and Claus Wittich (Berkeley, 1978), 1:231-32
104. From Max Weber: Essay in Sociology, translated and edited by H. H. Gerth and C. Wright Mills (New York, 1958), esp. 442-44
105. Ramazani, Foreign Policy of Iran, 13-32
106. Seyyed Javad Tabatabai, Tarikh-e Andishe-ye Siyasi dar Iran [A history of political thought in Iran] (Tehran, 1988), 61-62
107. Rudi Matthee, "Between Aloofness and Fascination: Safavid Views of the West," Iranian Studies 31, no. 2 (Spring 1998): 219-46
108. Juan J. Linz and Alfred Stepan, Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation: Southern Europe, South America, and Post-Communist Europe (Baltimore, 1996), 51
109. The United States and Iran: The Patterns of Influence (New York, 1982).
110. "Who Lost America? The Case of Iran," pp. 50-67
111. "Iran's Revolution in Perspective," in The Impact of the Iranian Events upon Persian Gulf and United States Security, project director Z. Michael Szaz (Washington, DC, 1979), 19-37
112. "Iran's Foreign Policy: Perspectives and Projections," in Economic Consequences of the Revolution in Iran: A Compendium of Papers Submitted to the Joint Economic Committee, Congress of the United States (Washington, DC, 1980), 65-97
113. "Iran's Revolution: Patterns, Problems, and Prospects," pp. 33-49 in this volume
114. Imam Khomeini's Last Will and Testament, published by the Embassy of the Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria, Interests Section of the Islamic Republic of Iran (Washington, DC, 1989), 23
115. Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini's work in Persian, Hokomat-e Islami Va Velayat-i Faqih [Islamic government and guardianship of the Islamic jurist] (Tehran, 1977)
116. "Iran's Export of the Revolution: Politics, Ends, and Means," pp. 128-47
117. "Iran's Resistance to U.S. Intervention in the Persian Gulf," in Neither East Nor West: Iran, The Soviet Union, and the United States, edited by Nikki R. Keddie and Mark J. Gasiotoswski (New Haven, 1990), 36-60
118. Revolutionary Iran.
119. "Iran's Islamic Revolution and the Persian Gulf," Current History 84 (January 1985): 5-8 and 40-41
120. Gozaresh-e Seminar (Tehran), no. 2 (1983-84): 36
121. "Iran and the United States; Islamic Realism?," in The Middle East from the Iran-Contra Affair to the Intifada, edited by Robert O. Freedman (Syracuse, 1991), 167-82
122. "Iran's Foreign Policy: Both North and South," Middle East Journal 46, no. 3 (Summer 1992): 393-412
123. Iran's Revolution: The Search for Consensus (Bloomington, 1990), vii-xi
124. Future Security in the Persian Gulf: America's Role (Washington, DC, 1991)
125. U.S. Department of State, Office of the Spokesman, "Secretary of State Madeleine K. Albright: Remarks At Conference On American-Iranian Relations," Washington, DC., 17 March 2000
126. Kenneth N. Waltz, Theory of International Politics (New York, 1979)
127. Lucian W. Pye, Politics, Personality, and Nation Building: Burma's Search for Identity (New Haven, 1962), esp. 28
128. "Document: The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran," Middle East Journal 34, no. 2 (Spring 1980): 181-204, esp. 181-83
129. "The Shifting Premise of Iran's Foreign Policy: Toward A Democratic Peace?," pp. 148-59 in this volume
130. Seyyed Mohammad Khatami, Az Donia-ye Shahr Ta Shahr-e Donia: Sayri dar Andisheh-ye Siyasi-e Gharb [From the world of the city-state to the city of the world] (Tehran, 1994), 285
131. Seyyed Mohammad Khatami, "A Message for Europe," statement at the European University in Florence, Italy, 10 March 1999, 57.
132. "The Emerging Arab-Iranian Rapprochement," Middle East Policy 6, no. 1 (June 1998): 45-62
133. Kenneth N. Waltz, "Realist Thought and Neorealist Theory," Journal of International Affairs 44, no. 1 (Spring 1990): 21-37
134. Hans J. Morgenthau, Politics among Nations: Struggle for Power and Peace, 5th ed. (New York, 1972)
135. Michael Joseph Smith, Realist Thought: From Weber to Kissinger (Baton Rouge, 1986)
136. Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America, translated by Henry Reeve, vol. 2 (London, 1835), 232-33
137. James H. Hutson, Religion and the Founding of the American Republic (Washington, DC, 1998), 40
138. Hamid Kaviany, Dar Jostojouy-e Mahfel-e Jenayatkaran [In search of the criminal circle] (Tehran, 1999)
139. Emad ed-Din Baqi, Trajedy-e Domokracy Dar Iran [The tragedy of democracy in Iran], 2d ed. (Tehran, 2000)
140. Defa'iyat-e Abdullah Nouri [The defense by Abdullah Nouri] (Tehran, 1999)
141. Zahra Rudi Kadivar, ed., Baha-ye Azadi: Deja'iyat-e Mohsen Kadivar dar Dadgah-e Vizheh-ye Ruhaniyat [The price of freedom: The defense of Mohsen Kadivar in the special clerical court] (Tehran, 1999)
142. Ali Akbar Mahdi, Farhang-e Irani, Jama'-ye Madani va Daghdagheh-ye Domokracy [Iranian culture, civil society and concern for democracy] (Tehran, 1998)
143. Mohammad Khatami, "On the Virtues of the West," Time (electronic version), 19 January 1998
144. Adda B. Bozeman, Politics and Culture in International History (Princeton, 1960), 43-56
145. Morteza Ravandi, Tarikh-e Ejtema'ai, Eqtesadi, Siyasi, Honari-e Iran va Bozorgtarin Mellal-e Bastani Az Aghaz ta Zohour-e Nehzat-e Eslami [The social, economic, political, and cultural history of Iran and the birth of the largest states of the ancient world until the rise of the Islamic movement], vol. 1 (Tehran, 1970), 381-90
146. The Heritage of Persia: The Pre-Islamic History of One of the World's Great Civilizations (Cleveland, 1963)
147. The Golden Age of Persia: The Arabs in the East (London, 1975); 4
148. Josef Wiesehofer, Ancient Persia: From 550 BC to 650 AD (1996; London, 2001), 43-44
149. Sir Percy Sykes, A History of Persia, vol. 1 (New York, 1963), 398
150. Roger M. Savory also characterizes Shah Abbas I as a "pragmatist" and praises him for his "religious tolerance."
151. Iran Under The Safavids (Cambridge, 1980), 76-103, esp. 101
152. R. K. Ramazani, The Foreign Policy of Iran, 1500-1941: A Developing Nation in World Affairs (Charlottesville, 1966)
153. Savory, Iran Under the Safavids, 101
154. Marshall G. S. Hodgson, The Venture of Islam: Conscience and History in a World Civilization, vol. 3, The Gunpowder Empires and Modern Times (Chicago, 1974), 16-58, esp. 53-58
155. R. K. Ramazani, "The Shifting Premise of Iran's Foreign Policy: Toward a Democratic Peace?," pp. 148-59
156. "Remarks by President Clinton And First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton at Millennium Event, White House," in Federal News Service, Inc., 12 April 1999
157. R. K. Ramazani, The Persian Gulf: Iran's Role (Charlottesville, 1972), 96-102
158. Lucian W. Pye, Aspects of Political Development (Boston, 1966), 8
159. R. K. Ramazani, "Islamic Studies: A Concept and Approach," guest editorial in Muslim World, October 1968, 279-83
160. R. K. Ramazani, Beyond the Arab-Israeli Settlement: New Directions for U.S. Policy in the Middle East (Cambridge, MA, 1977)
161. Arnaud de Borchgrave, in Newsweek, 9 July 1979, 21
162. Washington Post, 1 July 1979
163. R. K. Ramazani, "Security in the Persian Gulf," pp. 215-28
164. R. K. Ramazani, "Khomeini's Islam in Iran's Foreign Policy," pp. 71-93
165. Sukhan-raniha-yi Imam Khumaini Dar Shish Mahi-yi Avval-i 1359 [The lectures of Imam Khumaini during the first six months of 1980] (Tehran, 1980), 8
166. Tehran Journal, 4 November 1981
167. H. Batatu, "Iraq's Underground Shi'a Movements: Characteristics, Causes and Prospects," Middle East Journal 35, no. 4 (Autumn 1981): 578-94, 2
168. U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Public Affairs, International Terrorism, Selected Documents, No. 24 (Washington, DC, 1986)
169. "aims are broadly similar to those of Islamic Jihad and it is believed there may be some organizational links between the two groups." Middle East Economic Digest (MEED), 1 June 1985
170. William Regis Farrell, The US Government Response to Terrorism: In Search of an Effective Strategy (Boulder, 1982), 12
171. R. K. Ramazani, "Iran's Islamic Revolution and the Persian Gulf," Current History 84 (January 1985), 5-8 and 40-41
172. R. K. Ramazani, Revolutionary Iran: Challenge and Response in the Middle East (Baltimore, 1986), 26
173. R. K. Ramazani, "Iran's Revolution in Perspective," in The Impact of the Iranian Events upon Persian Gulf and United States Security, project director Z. Michael Szaz (Washington, DC, 1979) 19-37
174. Ramazani, "Iran's Foreign Policy: Perspectives and Projections," in Economic Consequences of the Revolution in Iran: A Compendium of Papers Submitted to the Joint Economic Committee, Congress of the United States (Washington, DC, 1980), 65-97
175. Ramazani, "Iran's Revolution: Patterns, Problems, and Prospects," pp. 33-49 in this volume;
176. Ramazani, The United States and Iran: The Patterns of Influence (New York, 1982)
177. Ramazani, Revolutionary Iran. publications
178. R. K. Ramazani, "America and the Gulf: Beyond Peace and Security," Middle East Insight, January/February 1982, 2-9
179. R. K. Ramazani, "Shiism in the Persian Gulf," pp. 240-62
180. H. Batatu, "Iraq's Underground Shia Movements: Characteristics, Causes and Prospects," Middle East Journal 35, no. 4 (Autumn 1981): 578-94
181. John Norton Moore, Crisis in the Gulf: Enforcing the Rule of Law (New York, 1992)
182. Edward C. Luck and Toby T. Gati, "Whose Collective Security?," Washington Quarterly 43 (Spring 1992)
183. Christopher J. Sabec, "The Security Council Comes of Age: An Analysis of the International Legal Response to the Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait," Georgia Journal of International and Comparative Law 21 (1991)
184. Burns H. Weston, "Security Council Resolution 678 and Persian Gulf Decision Making: Precarious Legitimacy," American Journal of International Law 85 (1991)
185. G. R. Berridge, Return to the UN: UN Diplomacy in Regional Conflicts (New York, 1991)
186. Lois Feuerle, "Informal Consultation: A Mechanism in Security Council Decision Making," New York Journal of International Law and Politics 18 (1985)
187. "Perez de Cuellar Hurls Parting 'bombshell' at Baghdad," Middle East News Network, 11 December 1991, available in LexisNexis Library, OMNI file
188. "Iraq Blamed for Starting War," Washington Post, 11 December 1991, A28
189. Don Oberdorfer, "Iran Paid for Release of Hostages," Washington Post, 19 January 1992, A1
190. Foreign Broadcast Information Service, Daily Report, vol. 6, Near East and South Asia (FBIS-NES), 20 March 1992, 42
191. R. K. Ramazani, Future Security in the Persian Gulf: America's Role (Washington, DC, 1991)
192. W. Scott Harrop, "Iran's Emerging World Order," Middle East Insight, September/October 1991, 46
193. R. K. Ramazani, "Iran's Foreign Policy: Both North and South," Middle East Journal 46, no. 3 (Summer 1992): 393-412
194. R. K. Ramazani, "Iran's Resistance to the U.S. Intervention in the Persian Gulf," in Neither East Nor West: Iran, the Soviet Union, and the United States, edited by Nikki R. Keddie and Mark J. Gasiorowski (New Haven, 1990)
195. Abbas Hedayati Khomeiny, Shoray-e Amniyyat va Jang-e Tahmily-e Araq Alaih-e Jomhouri-e Eslami-e Iran [The U.N. Security Council and the Iraqi-imposed war on the Islamic Republic of Iran] (1991-92)
196. Khomeiny, Shoray-e Amniyyat va Jang-e Tahmily-e Araq Alaih-e Jomhouri-e Eslami-e Iran, 172
197. Ramazani, "Iran's Resistance to the U.S. Intervention in the Persian Gulf."
198. James Weinrauch, "Iran's Response to U.N. Resolution 598: The Role of Factionalism in the Negotiation Process," American-Arab Affairs 15 (Winter 1989-90)
199. Shireen Hunter, "Final Peace in the Gulf War Would Benefit Everyone," Christian Science Monitor, 14 November 1989, 19
200. "Confrontation in the Gulf: Excerpts from Iraqi Leader's Letter to Iran," New York Times, 16 August 1990, A15
201. Ramazani, "Iran's Foreign Policy: Both North and South," 396-98
202. Abbas Maleki, "Iran, Iraq, and the UN Security Council," Iranian Journal of International Affairs, Winter 1989/1990, 371-84
203. Paul Lewis, "Cease-Fire Plan of U.N. Leader Rejected by Iraq," New York Times, 3 August 1988, A1
204. R. K. Ramazani, Revolutionary Iran: Challenge and Response in the Middle East (1986; Baltimore, 1988)
205. John Bassett Moore, Digest of International Law, vol. 2 (Washington, DC, 1906), 412
206. Herbert W. Briggs, ed., The Law of Nations: Cases, Documents, and Notes, 2d ed. (New York, 1952)
207. Moore, Digest of International Law, 412
208. Early compilations of these Iraqi statements and the Iraqi case are found in Iraq Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Iraq, The Iraqi-Iranian Dispute: Facts v. Allegations (New York, 1980)
209. Ramazani, Revolutionary Iran, 62
210. Ramazani, Revolutionary Iran, 62
211. Ramazani, Revolutionary Iran, at 59.
212. Foreign Broadcast Information Service, Daily Report, vol. 5, Middle East and North Africa (FBIS-MEA) , 23 September 1980, i
213. Khalid Yahya al-Izzi, The Shatt al-Arab Dispute: A Legal Study, 3d ed. (Baghdad, Iraq, 1981)
214. Kaiyan Homi Kaikobad, The Shatt-al-Arab Boundary Question: A Legal Reappraisal (Oxford, 1988)
215. Iran-Iraq: Treaty on International Borders and Good Friendly Relations, 13 June 1975 (implementing the Algiers Agreement of March 6, 1975)
216. R. K. Ramazani, "Iran's Search for Regional Cooperation," Middle East Journal 30 (1976): 173-86
217. Kaikobad, Shatt-al-Arab Boundary Question, 85-93
218. "was prepared to condone that behavior by Iraq." UN Chronicle 24 (August 1987): 33-34
219. Ramazani, Future Security in the Persian Gulf;
220. Ramazani, "Peace and Security in the Persian Gulf: A Proposal," in The Persian Gulf War: Lessons for Strategy, Law, and Diplomacy, edited by Christopher C. Joyner (Westport, CT, 1990), 225-40
221. Bernard D. Nossiter, "U.N. Council Delays Appeal on Gulf War: Islamic Nations, Seeking Backing for Zia's Trip to Iran and Iraq, Frustrate Western Effort," New York Times, 28 September 1980, 18
222. R. K. Ramazani, "Khomeini's Islam in Iran's Foreign Policy," pp. 71-93
223. Anthony Parsons, "In War, Resolution. . . . Iran, Iraq and the Security Council," Encounter 4 (November 1988): 52
224. Hamad A. Al-Kawari, with W. Scott Harrop, U.N. Security Council Decision-Making and the Iran-Iraq War, 1980-1990 (forthcoming)
225. Hans J. Morgenthau, Politics among Nations: Struggle for Power and Peace, 6th ed. (New York, 1985), 95
226. R. K. Ramazani, "Iran's Foreign Policy: Contending Orientations," pp. 111-27
227. Massoumeh Ebtekar, Takeover in Tehran: The Inside Story of the 1979 U.S. Embassy Capture (Vancouver, BC, 2000), 45
228. Foreign Broadcast Information Service, Daily Report, vol. 5, Middle East and North Africa (FBIS-MEA) , 2 November 1979
229. R. K. Ramazani, "Khomeini's Islam in Iran's Foreign Policy," pp. 71-93
230. R. K. Ramazani, "Iran's Export of the Revolution: Its Politics, Ends, and Means," pp. 128-47
231. R. K. Ramazani, "Security in the Persian Gulf," pp. 215-28
232. Mohsen M. Milani, The Making of Iran's Islamic Revolution: From Monarchy to Islamic Republic, 2d ed. (Boulder: Westview, 1994), 166
233. R. K. Ramazani, "Who Started the Iran-Iraq War? A Commentary," pp. 287-306
234. R. K. Ramazani, "Iran: Burying the Hatchet," pp. 94-110
235. R. K. Ramazani, "Ideology and Pragmatism in Iran's Foreign Policy," pp. 184-95
236. R. K. Ramazani, "Iran's Foreign Policy: Both North and South," Middle East Journal 46, no. 3 (Summer 1992): 393-412
237. R. K. Ramazani, Future Security in the Persian Gulf: America's Role (Washington, DC, 1991), 1-28
238. R. K. Ramazani, Revolutionary Iran: Challenge and Response in the Middle East (1986; Baltimore, 1988)
239. Ramazani, "Iran's Foreign Policy." 22.
240. R. K. Ramazani, "The Emerging Arab-Iranian Rapprochement," Middle East Policy 6 (1998): 45-62
241. R. K. Ramazani, "Dialogue: The Need for a Theory," Global Dialogue 3 (2001): 46-55
242. As quoted in the New York Times, 23 September 1998
243. As quoted in the Washington Post, 25 September 1998
244. Ramazani, "Ideology and Pragmatism in Iran's Foreign Policy." 27.
245. Ebtekar, Takeover in Tehran.
246. R. K. Ramazani, Iran's Foreign Policy, 1941-1973: A Study of Foreign Policy in Modernizing Nations (Charlottesville, 1975)
247. Ramazani, The Persian Gulf: Iran's Role (Charlottesville, 1972)
248. Ramazani, The United States and Iran: The Patterns of Influence (New York: Praeger, 1982)
249. R. K. Ramazani, "The Role of Iran in the New Millennium: A View from the Outside," Middle East Policy 7, no. 1 (March 2001): 43-67
250. R. K. Ramazani, "Iran, Democracy, and the United States," pp. 335-52 in this volume
251. Robert B. Reppa Sr., Israel and Iran: Bilateral Relationships and Effect on the Indian Ocean Basin (New York, 1974)
252. M. G. Weinbaum, "Iran and Israel: The Discreet Entente," Orbis 18, no. 4 (Winter 1975): 1070-87
253. Shahram Chubin and Mohammad Fard-Saidi, Recent Trends in Middle East Politics and Iran's Foreign Policy Options (Tehran, 1975)
254. George Lenczowski, The Middle East in World Affairs (New York, 1962), 405-6
255. R. K. Ramazani, Iran's Foreign Policy, 1941-1973: A Study of Foreign Policy in Modernizing Nations (Charlottesville, 1975), 290-328
256. R. K. Ramazani, The Persian Gulf: Iran's Role (Charlottesville, 1972), 28-68
257. Shahram Chubin and Sepehr Zabih, The Foreign Relations of Iran: A Developing State in a Zone of Great-Power Conflict (Berkeley, 1974), 156-69
258. Arab Report and Record, 1-15 January 1975, 38
259. An-Nahar: Arab Report and Memo 2, no. 6 (6 February 1978)
260. Washington Post, 6 January 1978
261. Richard N. Frye, The Golden Age of Persia: The Arabs in the East (London, 1995), 1-2
262. Adda B. Bozeman, Politics and Culture in International History: From the Ancient Near East to the Opening of the Modern Age, 2d ed. (New Brunswick, 1994), 43-56
263. The Heritage of Persia: The Pre-Islamic History of One of the World's Great Civilizations (Cleveland, 1963)
264. Josef Wieshofer, Ancient Persia, 4 vols. (London, 1996-2001)
265. R. K. Ramazani, The Foreign Policy of Iran, 1500-1941: A Developing Nation in World Affairs (Charlottesville, 1966)
266. Roger M. Savory, "Religion in the Timurid and Safavid Periods," in The Cambridge History of Iran, vol. 6, edited by Peter Jackson and Laurence Lockhart (Cambridge, 1986), 610-55
267. Marshall G. S. Hodgson, The Venture of Islam: Conscience and History in a World Civilization,vol. 3, The Gunpowder Empires and Modern Times (Chicago, 1974), 16-58
268. R. K. Ramazani, Iran's Foreign Policy, 1941-73: A Study of Foreign Policy in Modernizing Nations (Charlottesville, 1975), 231-42
269. R. K. Ramazani, The United States and Iran: The Patterns of Influence (New York, 1982), 72-124
270. R. K. Ramazani, "Document: The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran," Middle East Journal 34, no. 2 (Spring 1980): 181-204
271. Ramazani, Revolutionary Iran: Challenge and Response in the Middle East (1986; Baltimore, 1988)
272. Jacques Barzun, From Dawn to Decadence: 500 Years of Western Cultural Life (New York, 2000), 35
273. "Doktor Sharia'ti va Prozhe-ye Protestantizm-e Islami" [Doctor Sharia'ti and the project of Islamic Protestantism], Iran Emrooz, 1998
274. Mohammad Khatami, Islam, Liberty and Development (Binghamton, 1998)
275. Khatami, Hope and Challenge: The Iranian President Speaks (Binghamton, 1997)
276. Milton P. Buffington, ed., Meet Mr. Khatami: The Fifth President of the Islamic Republic, translated by Minoa R. Buffington (Washington, DC, 1997)
277. "The Role of Iran in the New Millennium: A View From the Outside," pp. 359-64
278. Fareed Zakaria, "How to Save the Arab World," Newsweek, 24 December 2001
279. Thomas Friedman, "Iran and the War of Ideas," New York Times, 19 June 2002
280. R. K. Ramazani, "The Shifting Premise of Iran's Foreign Policy: Toward a Democratic Peace?" pp. 148-59 in this volume
281. Quoted in Patrick J. Buchanan, "No End to War," American Conservative, 1 March 2004
282. R. K. Ramazani, Future Security in the Persian Gulf: America's Role (Washington, DC, 1991), 21-25
283. David Ignatius, "A War of Choice and One Who Chose It," Washington Post, 2 November 2003
284. Mark Hosenhall et al., "Cheney's Long Path to War," Newsweek, 17 November 2003