Deep down in their heart, they wish they could be given some incentives: A qualitative study on the changing roles and relations of care among home-based caregivers in Zambia

BMC Health Services Research

Volumn 15, Issue 1, 2015, Pages

  Cataldo, Fabian ^a   Kielmann, Karina ^b   Kielmann, Tara ^c   Mburu, Gitau ^d,e   Musheke, Maurice ^f  

^a DIGNITAS INTERNATIONAL   (Malawi)

^b QUEEN MARGARET UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^c Independent Consultant   (United States)

^d International HIV AIDS Alliance   (United Kingdom)

^e LANCASTER UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^f UNIVERSITY OF ZAMBIA   (Zambia)

Author keywords

Community health workers; HIV; Home based care; Motivation; Zambia

Indexed keywords

ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT;

ADULT; CAREGIVER; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; FEMALE; HEALTH CARE PERSONNEL; HEALTH PERSONNEL ATTITUDE; HIV INFECTIONS; HOME CARE; HUMAN; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MOTIVATION; NURSING; ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT; PROFESSIONAL STANDARD; PSYCHOLOGY; QUALITATIVE RESEARCH; ZAMBIA;

ADULT; ANTI-RETROVIRAL AGENTS; ATTITUDE OF HEALTH PERSONNEL; CAREGIVERS; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; FEMALE; HEALTH PERSONNEL; HIV INFECTIONS; HOME CARE SERVICES; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MOTIVATION; PROFESSIONAL ROLE; QUALITATIVE RESEARCH; ZAMBIA;

EID: 84928166726     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14726963     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/s12913-015-0685-7     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Singh P, Sachs JD. 1 million community health workers in sub-Saharan Africa by 2015. Lancet. 2013;382(9889):363-5.
2. World Health Organization. Taking stock: health worker shortages and the response to AIDS. Geneva: WHO; 2007. http://www.who.int/healthsystems/task-shifting-booklet.pdf. (Accessed 10/01/2015).
3. Johnson LF, Mossong J, Dorrington RE, Schomaker M, Hoffmann CJ, Keiser O, et al. Life expectancies of South African adults starting antiretroviral treatment: collaborative analysis of cohort studies. PLoS Med. 2013;10(4):e1001418.
4. Hermann K, Van Damme W, Pariyo GW, Schouten E, Assefa Y, Cirera A, et al. Community health workers for ART in sub-Saharan Africa: learning from experience-capitalizing on new opportunities. Hum Resour Health. 2009;7:31.
5. Mwai GW, Mburu G, Torpey K, Frost P, Ford N, Seeley J. Role and outcomes of community health workers in HIV care in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review. J Int AIDS Soc. 2013;16(1):18586.
6. Zulu JM, Kinsman J, Michelo C, Hurtig AK. Developing the national community health assistant strategy in Zambia: A policy analysis. Health Res Policy Systems BioMed Central. 2013;11:24.
7. Zulu JM, Kinsman J, Michelo C, Hurtig AK. Hope and despair: community health assistants' experiences of working in a rural district in Zambia. Human Resour Health. 2014;12:30.
8. Zulu JM, Kinsman J, Michelo C, Hurtig AK. Integrating national communitybased health worker programmes into health systems: A systematic review identifying lessons learned from low-and middle-income countries. BMC Public Health. 2014;14(1):987.
9. Sanjana P, Torpey K, Schwarzwalder A, Simumba C, Kasonde P, Nyirenda L, et al. Task-shifting HIV counselling and testing services in Zambia: The role of lay counsellors. Human Resour Health. 2009;7:44.
10. Bemelmans M, van den Akker T, Ford N, Philips M, Zachariah R, Harries A, et al. Providing universal access to antiretroviral therapy in Thyolo, Malawi through task shifting and decentralization of HIV/AIDS care. Trop Med Int Health. 2010;15(12):1413-20.
11. Shumbusho F, van Griensven, J, Lowrance D, Turate I, Weaver MA, Price J, et al. Task shifting for scale-up of HIV care: evaluation of nurse-centered antiretroviral treatment at rural health centers in Rwanda. PLoS Med. 2009;6(10):e1000163.
12. Selke HM, Kimaiyo S, Sidle JE, Vedanthan R, Tierney WM, Shen C, et al. Taskshifting of antiretroviral delivery from health care workers to persons living with HIV/AIDS: clinical outcomes of a community-based program in Kenya. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2010;55(4):483-90.
13. Tenthani L, Cataldo F, Chan AK, Bedell R, Martiniuk AL, van Lettow M. Involving expert patients in antiretroviral treatment provision in a tertiary referral hospital HIV clinic in Malawi. BMC Health Serv Res. 2012;12:140.
14. Kielmann K, Datye V, Pradhan A, Rangan S. Balancing authority, deference and trust across the public-private divide in health care: Tuberculosis health visitors in western Maharashtra, India. Glob Public Health. 2014;9(8):975-92.
15. Nading AM. "Love isn't there in your stomach": A moral economy of medical citizenship among Nicaraguan community health workers. Med Anthropol Q. 2013;27(1):84-102.
16. Gilson L. Trust and the development of health care as a social institution. Soc Sci Med. 2003;56(7):1453-68.
17. Blaauw D, Gilson L, Penn-Kekana L, Schneider H. Organisational relationships and the 'software' of health sector reform. In: Centre for health policy. South Africa: School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand; 2003.
18. Maes K, Kalofonos I. Becoming and remaining community health workers: perspectives from Ethiopia and Mozambique. Soc Sci Med. 2013;87:52-9.
19. Kalofonos I. 'All they do is pray': community labour and the narrowing of 'care' during Mozambique's HIV scale-up. Glob Public Health. 2014;9(1-2):7-24.
20. Bradley EH, Curry LA, Devers KJ. Qualitative data analysis for health services research: developing taxonomy, themes, and theory. Health Serv Res. 2007;42(4):1758-72.
21. Wouters E, Van Damme W, van Rensburg D, Masquillier C, Meulemans H. Impact of community-based support services on antiretroviral treatment programme delivery and outcomes in resource-limited countries: A synthetic review. BMC Health Serv Res. 2012;12:194.
22. Dil Y, Strachan D, Cairncross S, Korkor AS, Hill Z. Motivations and challenges of community-based surveillance volunteers in the northern region of Ghana. J Community Health. 2012;37(6):1192-8.
23. Campbell C, Scott K, Madenhire C, Nyamukapa C, Gregson S. Sources of motivation and frustration among healthcare workers administering antiretroviral treatment for HIV in rural Zimbabwe. AIDS Care. 2011;23(7):797-802.
24. Akintola O. Defying all odds: coping with the challenges of volunteer caregiving for patients with AIDS in South Africa. J Adv Nurs. 2008;63(4):357-65.
25. Maes KC, Shifferaw S, Hadley C, Tesfaye F. Volunteer home-based HIV/AIDS care and food crisis in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Sustainability in the face of chronic food insecurity. Health Policy Plan. 2011;26(1):43-52.
26. Schneider H, Lehmann U. Lay health workers and HIV programmes: implications for health systems. AIDS Care. 2010;22 Suppl 1:60-7.
27. Wringe A, Cataldo F, Stevenson N, Fakoya A. Delivering comprehensive home-based care programmes for HIV: A review of lessons learned and challenges ahead in the era of antiretroviral therapy. Health Policy Plan. 2010;25(5):352-62.
28. Lees S, Kielmann K, Cataldo F, Gitau-Mburu D. Understanding the linkages between informal and formal care for people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. Glob Public Health. 2012;7(10):1109-19.
29. Campbell C, Nair Y, Maimane S, Sibiya Z. Supporting people with AIDS and their carers in rural South Africa: possibilities and challenges. Health Place. 2008;14(3):507-18.
30. Akintola O. What motivates people to volunteer? the case of volunteer AIDS caregivers in faith-based organizations in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Health Policy Plan. 2011;26(1):53-62.
31. Greenspan JA, McMahon SA, Chebet JJ, Mpunga M, Urassa DP, Winch PJ. Sources of community health worker motivation: A qualitative study in Morogoro Region, Tanzania. Human Resour Health. 2013;11:52.
32. Takasugi T, Lee AC. Why do community health workers volunteer? a qualitative study in Kenya. Public Health. 2012;126(10):839-45.
33. Akintola O. Perceptions of rewards among volunteer caregivers of people living with AIDS working in faith-based organizations in South Africa: A qualitative study. J Int AIDS Soc. 2010;13:22.
34. de Wet, K. Redefining volunteerism: The rhetoric of community home-based care in (the not so new) South Africa. Comm Dev J. 2012;47(1):111-25.
35. Maes K. Volunteerism or labor exploitation? harnessing the volunteer spirit to sustain AIDS treatment programs in Urban Ethiopia. Hum Organ. 2012;71(1):54-64.
36. Mutale W, Ayles H, Bond V, Mwanamwenge MT, Balabanova D. Measuring health workers' motivation in rural health facilities: baseline results from three study districts in Zambia. Human Resour Health. 2013;11(1):8.
37. Nkonki L, Cliff J, Sanders D. Lay health worker attrition: important but often ignored. Bull World Health Organ. 2011;89(12):919-23.
38. Mbilinyi D, Daniel ML, Lie GT. Health worker motivation in the context of HIV care and treatment challenges in Mbeya Region, Tanzania: A qualitative study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2011;11:266.
39. Mbindyo P, Gilson L, Blaauw D, English M. Contextual influences on health worker motivation in district hospitals in Kenya. Implementation Sci. 2009;4:43.
40. Gopalan SS, Mohanty S, Das A. Assessing community health workers' performance motivation: A mixed-methods approach on India's Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHA) programme. BMJ Open. 2012;2:5.
41. Franco LM, Bennett S, Kanfer R. Health sector reform and public sector health worker motivation: A conceptual framework. Soc Sci Med. 2002;54(8):1255-66.
42. Hanefeld J, Musheke M. What impact do global health initiatives have on human resources for antiretroviral treatment roll-out? a qualitative policy analysis of implementation processes in Zambia. Human ResourHealth. 2009;7:8.
43. Walsh A, Mulambia C, Brugha R, Hanefeld J. "The problem is ours, it is not CRAIDS' ". Evaluating sustainability of Community Based Organisations for HIV/AIDS in a rural district in Zambia. Globalization Health. 2012;8:40.
44. National AIDS Council. Zambia national minimum standards for community and home-based care organisations. Lusaka: Ministry of Health of Zambia; 2007.
45. Kielmann K, Butt L. Just shifting tasks? The moral economy of HIV care work on the periphery. Paper presented at 2nd International Conference for the Social Sciences and Humanities in HIV. Paris; 2013.
46. Chela CM, Siankanga ZC. Home and community care: The Zambia experience. Aids. 1991;5 Suppl 1:157-61.
47. Kielmann K, Cataldo F. Tracking the rise of the "expert patient" in evolving paradigms of HIV care. AIDS Care. 2010;22 Suppl 1:21-8.