Saudi Arabia’s anxious autocrats

Journal of Democracy

Volumn 26, Issue 2, 2015, Pages 71-85

  Wehrey, Frederic ^a  

^a CARNEGIE ENDOWMENT FOR INTERNATIONAL PEACE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84927936402     PISSN: 10455736     EISSN: 10863214     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/jod.2015.0021     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. For a discussion of a functional rather than ideological approach to analyzing counterdemocratic powers, see Thomas Carothers and Oren Samet-Marram, “The Global Marketplace of Political Interventionism,” Carnegie Endowment paper (forthcoming 2015). They write: “Autocracies necessarily promote autocracy when they try to shape political outcomes in transitional contexts. A more accurate analytic umbrella concept for understanding their efforts is a more functional and less ideological one . . . A pure ideological interest in spreading autocracy per se is not very often on display."
2. Martin Dokoupil, “Saudi Could See Budget Deficit Next Year, Risks Draining Reserves- IMF,” Reuters.com, 24 September 2014.
3. Laurence Whitehead, “Antidemocracy Promotion: Four Strategies in Search of a Framework,” Taiwan Journal of Democracy 10 (December 2014): 1-24.
4. Gerd Nonneman, “Security and Inclusion: Regime Responses to Domestic Challenges in the Gulf,” Whitehall Papers 51 (2000): 107-15.
5. Stephen M. Walt, The Origins of Alliances (New York: Cornell University Press, 1987), 216.
6. F. Gregory Gause III, “Balancing What? Threat Perception and Alliance Choice in the Gulf,” Security Studies 13 (Winter 2003): 303.
7. Frederic M. Wehrey, Sectarian Politics in the Gulf: From the Iraq War to the Arab Uprisings (New York: Columbia University Press, 2013).
8. Kevin Rawlinson, “Saudi Blogger Raif Badawi Could Be Retried and Beheaded, Say His Family,” Guardian, 1 March 2015.
9. Saudi Arabia, Ministry of Interior Website, www.moi.gov.sa.
10. "Saudis Charge Three over Allegedly Seditious Tweets: Paper,” Reuters.com, 1 April 2014.
11. Saudi Arabia, Bureau of Experts at the Council of Ministers, www.boe.gov.sa.
12. Fiona MacDonald and Dana El Baltaji, “Kuwait Egypt Aid Pushes Gulf Pledges to $12 Billion in 24 Hours,” Bloomberg.com, 10 July 2013.
13. Khalid al-Dakhil, “What Is Riyadh Waiting for from Cairo?" Al-Hayat (Cairo), 20 July 2013.
14. "Saudi Religious Scholars Accuse Egyptian Salafist Al-Nour Party of Obstructing Sharia,” www.middleeastmonitor.com/news/africa/9200-saudi-religious-scholarsaccuse- egyptian-salafist-al-nour-party-of-obstructing-sharia.
15. Author's interviews in Tripoli, Libya, 5 July 2012.
16. Bruce Riedel, “Saudi Arabia Moving Ahead With Gulf Union,” Al-Monitor, 22 December 2013.
17. Stig Stenslie, Not Too Strong, Not Too Weak: Saudi Arabia's Policy Towards Yemen, Norwegian Peacebuilding Resource Center Policy Brief, March 2013.
18. Yara Bayoumy and Mohammed Ghobari, “Exclusive: Saudi Suspends Aid to Yemen After Houthi Takeover-Sources,” Reuters.com, 4 December 2014.
19. Laurent Bonnefoy, “Salafism in Yemen: A 'Saudisation'?" in Madawi al-Rasheed, ed., Kingdom Without Borders: Saudi Arabia's Political, Religious and Media Frontiers (London: Hurst, 2008).
20. Rod Nordland and Shuaib Almosawa, “Saudis Unswayed by Houthi Rebels' Overture in Yemen,” New York Times, 7 February 2015.
21. As'ad AbuKhalil, “Determinants and Characteristics of the Saudi Role in Lebanon: The Post-Civil War Years,” in al-Rasheed, Kingdom Without Borders, 79-97.
22. Hugh Naylor, “Rivals Tehran, Riyadh Pledge Billions to Lebanon's Army,” Washington Post, 4 November 2014.
23. Frederic Wehrey, “Gulf Calculations in the Syria Conflict,” 9 June 2014, http:// carnegieendowment.org/2014/06/09/gulf-calculations-in-syrian-conflict.
24. Hassan Hassan, “Tribal Bonds Strengthen the Gulf's Hand in a New Syria,” The National, 16 February 2012, www.thenational.ae/thenationalconversation/comment/tribal- bonds-strengthen-the-gulfs-hand-in-a-new-syria.
25. Ben Hubbard, “Private Donors' Funds Add Wild Card to War in Syria,” New York Times, 12 November 2013.
26. For a report in Arabic, see “The Scholars Committee to Support Syria Declares the Stoppage of Fundraiser,” 28 May 2012, www.almoslim.net/node/165719.
27. Frederic Wehrey, “Saudi Arabia Reins in Its Clerics on Syria,” 14 June 2012, http://carnegieendowment.org/2012/06/14/saudi-arabia-reins-in-its-clerics-on-syria.
28. the website of Saudi Arabia's Central Department of Statistics and Information at www.cdsi.gov.sa/english.
29. Jennifer R. Peck, “Can Hiring Quotas Work? The Effect of the Nitaqat Program on the Saudi Private Sector,” MIT, April 2014, at http://economics.mit.edu/files/9417.
30. Steffen Hertog, “The Private Sector and Reform in the Gulf Cooperation Council,” London School of Economics, www.lse.ac.uk/middleEastCentre/kuwait/documents/theprivate- sector-and-reform-in-the-gcc.pdf.
31. This point was made by F. Gregory Gause III, “Saudi Arabia's Game of Thrones: King Salman Amasses Power,” Foreign Affairs, 2 February 2015, www.foreignaffairs. com/articles/142842/f-gregory-gause-iii/saudi-arabias-game-of-thrones.