Calcium nephrolithiasis and bone demineralization: Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and medical management

Current Opinion in Urology

Volumn 24, Issue 6, 2014, Pages 633-638

  Arrabal Polo, Miguel A ^a   Del Carmen Cano García, María ^a   Canales, Benjamin K ^b   Arrabal Martín, Miguel ^c  

^a HOSPITAL LA INMACULADA   (Spain)

^b UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA   (United States)

^c HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARIO SAN CECILIO   (Spain)

Author keywords

Bone mineral density; Bone turnover markers; Calcium nephrolithiasis; Hypercalciuria; Hypocitraturia

Indexed keywords

BISPHOSPHONIC ACID DERIVATIVE; CALCIUM; CITRATE POTASSIUM; CYTOKINE; OSTEOCALCIN; PARATHYROID HORMONE; SODIUM PHOSPHATE COTRANSPORTER; THIAZIDE DIURETIC AGENT; VITAMIN D;

ARTICLE; BONE DEMINERALIZATION; BONE DENSITOMETRY; BONE DENSITY; BONE TURNOVER; CALCIUM STONE; DIET; GENETICS; HUMAN; HYPERCALCIURIA; METABOLITE; NEPHROLITHIASIS; OSTEOLYSIS; OSTEOPENIA; OSTEOPOROSIS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN BLOOD LEVEL; BONE DEMINERALIZATION, PATHOLOGIC; METABOLISM;

BONE DEMINERALIZATION, PATHOLOGIC; CALCIUM; HUMANS; HYPERCALCIURIA; NEPHROLITHIASIS; OSTEOPOROSIS;

EID: 84927933756     PISSN: 09630643     EISSN: 14736586     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/MOU.0000000000000111     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Arrabal-Polo MA, Sierra Girón-Prieto M, Orgaz-Molina J, et al. Calcium renal lithiasis and bone mineral density. Importance of bone metabolism in urinary lithiasis. Actas Urol Esp 2013; 37:362-367.
2. Caudarella R, Vescini F, Buffa A, et al. Osteoporosis and urolithiasis. Urol Int 2004; 72 (Suppl. 1):17-19.
3. Giannini S, Nobile M, Sella S, DalleCarbonare L. Bone disease in primary hypercalciuria. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2005; 42:229-248.
4. Heilberg IP, Weisinger JR. Bone disease in idiopathic hypercalciuria. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2006; 15:394-402.
5. Grynpas M, Waldman S, Holmyard D, Bushinsky DA. Genetic hypercalciuric stone-forming rats have a primary decrease in BMD and strength. J Bone Miner Res 2009; 24:1420-1426.
6. Trinchieri A. Bone mineral content in calcium renal stone formers. Urol Res 2005; 33:247-253.
7. Ghazali A, Fuentes V, Desaint C, et al. Low bone mineral density and peripheral blood monocyte activation profile in calcium stone formers with idiopathic hypercalciuria. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997; 82:32-38.
8. Moochhala SH, Sayer JA, Carr G, Simmons NL. Renal calcium stones: insights from the control of bone mineralization. Exp Physiol 2007; 93:43-49.
9. Gambaro G, D?Angelo A, Fabris A, et al. Crystals, Randall's plaques and renal stones: do bone and atherosclerosis teach us something? J Nephrol 2004; 17:774-777.
10. Prie D, Huart V, Bakouh N, et al. Nephrolithiasis and osteoporosis associated with hypophosphatemia caused by mutations in the type 2a sodium-phosphate cotransporter. N Engl J Med 2002; 347:983-991.
11. Thorleifsson G, Holm H, Edvardsson V, et al. Sequence variants in the CLDN14 gene associate with kidney stones and bone mineral density. Nat Genet 2009; 41:926-932.
12. Bilic-Curcic I, Milas-Ahic J, Smolic M, et al. Urolithiasis and osteoporosis: clinical relevance and therapeutic implications. Coll Antropol 2009; 332009; 2 (Suppl.):189-192.
13. Tasca A, DalleCarbonare L, Nigro F, Giannini S. Bone disease in patients with primary hypercalciuria and calcium nephrolithiasis. Urology 2009; 74:22-27.
14. Moyano MJ, Gómez de Tejada MJ, García Lozano R, et al. Alterations in bone mineral metabolism in patients with calcium kidney stone disease and polymorphism of vitamin D receptor. Preliminary results. [in Spanish]. Nefrologia 2007; 27:694-703.
15. Vezzoli G, Rubinacci A, Bianchin C, et al. Intestinal calcium absorption is associated with bone mass in stone-forming women with idiopathic hyper-calciuria. Am J Kidney Dis 2003; 42:1177-1183.
16. Odvina CV, Poindexter JR, Peterson RD, et al. Intestinal hyperabsorption of calcium and low bone turnover in hypercalciuric postmenopausal osteoporosis. Urol Res 2008; 36:233-239.
17. Ryan LE, Ing SW. Idiopathic hypercalciuria and bone health. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2012; 10:286-295.
18. Lauderdale DS, Thisted RA, Wen M, Favus MJ. Bone mineral density and fracture among prevalent kidney stone cases in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Bone Miner Res 2001; 16:1893-1898.
19. Caudarella R, Vescini F, Buffa A, et al. Bone mass loss in calcium stone disease: focus on hypercalciuria and metabolic factors. J Nephrol 2003; 16:260-266.
20. Arampatzis S, Ropke-Rieben B, Lippuner K, Hess B. Prevalence and densito-metric characteristics of incomplete distal renal tubular acidosis in men with recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis. Urol Res 2012; 40:53-59.
21. Arrabal Polo MA, Arrabal Martín M, De Haro Muñoz T, et al. Mineral density and bone remodelling markers in patients with calcium lithiasis. BJU Int 2011; 108:1903-1908.
22. Arrabal Polo MA, Arrabal Martín M, Giron Prieto MS, et al. Osteopenia/osteoporosis in 12 patients with calcium nephrolithiasis. Urol Res 2012; 40:709-716.
23. Arrabal Polo MA, Arrabal Martin M, Arias Santiago S. Bone and metabolic markers in women with recurrent calcium stones. Korean J Urol 2013; 54:177-182.
24. Schwaderer AL, Cronin R, Mahan JD, Bates CM. Low bone density in children with hypercalciuria and/or nephrolithiasis. Pediatr Nephrol 2008; 23:2209-2214.
25. Freundlich M, Alonzo E, Bellorin-Font E, Weisinger JR. Reduced bone mass in children with idiopathic hypercalciuria and in their asymptomatic mothers. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2002; 17:1396-1401.
26. Kuczera M, Wiecek A, Kokot F. Markers of bone turnover in patients with nephrolithiasis. Int Urol Nephrol 1997; 29:523-529.
27. Tasca A, Cacciola A, Ferrarese P, et al. Bone alterations in patients with idio-pathic hypercalciuria and calcium nephrolithiasis. Urology 2002; 59:865-869.
28. Arrabal Polo MA, Arias Santiago S, Arrabal Martín M. What is the value of bone remodeling markers in patients with calcium stones? Urol Res 2012; 40:803.
29. Arrabal Polo MA, Arrabal Martín M, De Haro Muñoz T, et al. Biochemical determinants of severe lithogenic activity in patients with idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis. Urology 2012; 79:48-54.
30. Arrabal Polo MA, Arrabal Martin M, Poyatos Andujar A, et al. Is the fasting calcium/creatinine a bone resorption marker in patients with calcium renal stones? Urol Res 2012; 40:243-245.
31. Arrabal Polo MA, Arrabal Martin M, Arias Santiago S, et al. Metabolic-mineral study in patients with renal calcium lithiasis, severe lithogenic activity and loss of bone mineral density. Singapore Med J 2012; 53:808-813.
32. Arrabal Polo MA, Arrabal Martin M, Giron Prieto MS, et al. Association of severe calcium lithogenic activity and bone remodeling markers. Urology 2013; 82:16-21.
33. Giannini S, Nobile M, DalleCarbonare L, et al. Hypercalciuria is a common and important finding in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Eur J En-docrinol 2003; 149:209-213.
34. Tsuji H, Umekawa T, Kurita T, et al. Analysis of bone mineral density in urolithiasis patients. Int J Urol 2005; 12:335-339.
35. Asplin JR, Bauer KA, Kinder J, et al. Bone mineral density and urine calcium excretion among subjects with and without nephrolithiasis. Kidney Int 2003; 63:662-669.
36. Asplin JR, Donahue S, Kinder J, Coe FL. Urine calcium excretion predicts bone loss in idiopathic hypercalciuria. Kidney Int 2006; 70:1463-1467.
37. Arrabal Polo MA, Arias Santiago S, Giron Prieto MS, et al. Hypercalciuria, hyperoxaluria, and hypocitraturia screening from random urine samples in patients with calcium lithiasis. Urol Res 2012; 40:511-515.
38. Letavernier E, Traxer O, Daudon M, et al. Determinants of osteopenia in male renal-stone-disease patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2011; 6:1149-1154.
39. Arrabal Polo MA, Arrabal Martin M, Arias Santiago S, et al. Importance of citrate and the calcium:citrate ratio in patients with calcium renal lithiasis and severe lithogenesis. BJU Int 2013; 111:622-627.
40. Pak CYC, Peterson RD, Poindexter J. Prevention of spinal bone loss by potassium citrate in cases of calcium urolithiasis. J Urol 2002; 168:31-34.
41. Sakhaee K, Maalouf NM, Kumar R, et al. Nephrolithiasis-associated bone disease: pathogenesis and treatment options. Kidney Int 2011; 79:393-403.
42. Pak CYC, Heller HJ, Pearle MS, et al. Prevention of stone formation and bone loss in absorptive hypercalciuria by combined dietary and pharmacological interventions. J Urol 2003; 169:465-469.
43. Bushinsky DA, Willett T, Asplin JR, et al. Chlorthalidone improves vertebral bone quality in genetic hypercalciuric stone-forming rats. J Bone Miner Res 2011; 26:1904-1912.
44. García Nieto V, Monge Zamorano M, Gonzalez García M, Luis Yanes MI. Effect of thiazides on bone mineral density in children with idiopathic hyper-calciuria. Pediatr Nephrol 2012; 27:261-268.
45. Schoofs M, van der klift M, Hofman A, et al. Thiazide diuretics and the risk for hip fracture. Ann Intern Med 2003; 139:476-482.
46. Legroux-Gerot I, Catanzariti L, Marchandise X, et al. Bone mineral density changes in hypercalciuretic osteoporotic men treated with thiazide diuretics. Joint Bone Spine 2004; 71:51-55.
47. Bolland MJ, Ames RW, Horne AM, et al. The effect of treatment with a thiazide diuretic for 4 years on bone density in normal postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 2007; 18:479-486.
48. Bianchi G, Giusti A, Pioli G, et al. Bisphosphonates in the management of idiopathic hypercalciuria associated with osteoporosis: a new trick from an old drug. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2010; 2:29-35.
49. Giusti A, Barone A, Pioli G, et al. Alendronate and indapamide alone or in combination in the management of hypercalciuria associated with osteoporosis: a randomized controlled trial of two drugs and three treatments. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2009; 24:1472-1477.
50. Arrabal-Polo MA, Arias-Santiago S, de Haro-Muñoz T, et al. Effects of aminobisphosphonates and thiazides in patients with osteopenia/osteoporo-sis, hypercalciuria, and recurring renal calcium lithiasis. Urology 2013; 81:731-737.
51. Jou YC, Tsai YS, Hsieh HY, et al. Age-dependent association between Dickkopf-1 and calcium-containing urolithiasis. Urology 2014; 83:1006-1010.