Mechanisms for convection triggering by cold pools

Geophysical Research Letters

Volumn 42, Issue 6, 2015, Pages 1943-1950

  Torri, Giuseppe ^a   Kuang, Zhiming ^a,b   Tian, Yang ^a  

^a HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

cloud resolving model; cold pools; deep convection; Lagrangian particle model; radiative convective equilibrium; shallow to deep transition

Indexed keywords

LAGRANGE MULTIPLIERS; NATURAL CONVECTION;

CLOUD RESOLVING MODEL; COLD POOL; DEEP CONVECTION; LAGRANGIAN PARTICLE MODEL; RADIATIVE-CONVECTIVE EQUILIBRIUM; SHALLOW TO DEEP TRANSITION;

LAKES;

AIR TEMPERATURE; ATMOSPHERIC CONVECTION; CLIMATE FORCING; COLD POOL; LAGRANGIAN ANALYSIS; MARINE ECOSYSTEM; SIMULATION; THERMODYNAMICS;

EID: 84927797051     PISSN: 00948276     EISSN: 19448007     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/2015GL063227     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. Betts, A.K., (1984), Boundary layer thermodynamics of a high plains severe storm, Mon. Weather Rev., 112 (11), 2199-2211, doi: 10.1175/1520-0493(1984)112<2199:BLTOAH>2.0.CO;2.
2. Böing, S.J., H.J.J. Jonker, A.P. Siebesma, and, W.W. Grabowski, (2012), Influence of the subcloud layer on the development of a deep convective ensemble, J. Atmos. Sci., 69 (9), 2682-2698, doi: 10.1175/JAS-D-11-0317.1.
3. Chaboureau, J.-P., F. Guichard, J.-L. Redelsperger, and, J.-P. Lafore, (2004), The role of stability and moisture in the diurnal cycle of convection over land, Q. J. R. Meteorolog. Soc., 130 (604), 3105-3117, doi: 10.1256/qj.03.132.
4. Davies-Jones, R., (2003), An expression for effective buoyancy in surroundings with horizontal density gradients, J. Atmos. Sci., 60 (23), 2922-2925, doi: 10.1175/1520-0469(2003)060<2922:AEFEBI>2.0.CO;2.
5. Droegemeier, K.K., and, R.B. Wilhelmson, (1985a), Three-dimensional numerical modeling of convection produced by interacting thunderstorm outflows. Part I: Control simulation and low-level moisture variations, J. Atmos. Sci., 42 (22), 2381-2403, doi: 10.1175/1520-0469(1985)042<2381:TDNMOC>2.0.CO;2.
6. Droegemeier, K.K., and, R.B. Wilhelmson, (1985b), Three-dimensional numerical modeling of convection produced by interacting thunderstorm outflows. Part II: Variations in vertical wind shear, J. Atmos. Sci., 42 (22), 2404-2414, doi: 10.1175/1520-0469(1985)042<2404:TDNMOC>2.0.CO;2.
7. Emanuel, K.A., (1994), Atmospheric Convection, Oxford Univ. Press, New York.
8. Houze, R.A.J., (1994), Cloud Dynamics, Int. Geophys., vol. 53, Acad. Press, New York.
9. Khairoutdinov, M., and, D. Randall, (2006), High-resolution simulation of shallow-to-deep convection transition over land, J. Atmos. Sci., 63 (12), 3421-3436, doi: 10.1175/JAS3810.1.
10. Khairoutdinov, M.F., and, D.A. Randall, (2003), Cloud resolving modeling of the ARM summer 1997 IOP: Model formulation, results, uncertainties, and sensitivities, J. Atmos. Sci., 60 (4), 607-625, doi: 10.1175/1520-0469(2003)060<0607:CRMOTA>2.0.CO;2.
11. Knupp, K.R., and, W.R. Cotton, (1982), An intense, quasi-steady thunderstorm over mountainous terrain. Part II: Doppler radar observations of the storm morphological structure, J. Atmos. Sci., 39 (2), 343-358, doi: 10.1175/1520-0469(1982)039<0343:AIQSTO>2.0.CO;2.
12. Kuang, Z., and, C.S. Bretherton, (2006), A mass-flux scheme view of a high-resolution simulation of a transition from shallow to deep cumulus convection, J. Atmos. Sci., 63 (7), 1895-1909, doi: 10.1175/JAS3723.1.
13. Li, Z., P. Zuidema, and, P. Zhu, (2014), Simulated convective invigoration processes at trade wind cumulus cold pool boundaries, J. Atmos. Sci., 71 (8), 2823-2841, doi: 10.1175/JAS-D-13-0184.1.
14. Nie, J., and, Z. Kuang, (2012), Responses of shallow cumulus convection to large-scale temperature and moisture perturbations: A comparison of large-eddy simulations and a convective parameterization based on stochastically entraining parcels, J. Atmos. Sci., 69 (6), 1936-1956, doi: 10.1175/JAS-D-11-0279.1.
15. Purdom, J.F.W., (1976), Some uses of high-resolution goes imagery in the mesoscale forecasting of convection and its behavior, Mon. Weather Rev., 104 (12), 1474-1483, doi: 10.1175/1520-0493(1976)104<1474:SUOHRG>2.0.CO;2.
16. Rotunno, R., and, J. Klemp, (1985), On the rotation and propagation of simulated supercell thunderstorms, J. Atmos. Sci., 42 (3), 271-292, doi: 10.1175/1520-0469(1985)042<0271:OTRAPO>2.0.CO;2.
17. Rotunno, R., J.B. Klemp, and, M.L. Weisman, (1988), A theory for strong, long-lived squall lines, J. Atmos. Sci., 45 (3), 463-485, doi: 10.1175/1520-0469(1988)045<0463:ATFSLL>2.0.CO;2.
18. Saxen, T.R., and, S.A. Rutledge, (1998), Surface fluxes and boundary layer recovery in TOGA COARE: Sensitivity to convective organization, J. Atmos. Sci., 55 (17), 2763-2781, doi: 10.1175/1520-0469(1998)055<2763:SFABLR>2.0.CO;2.
19. Schlemmer, L., and, C. Hohenegger, (2014), The formation of wider and deeper clouds as a result of cold-pool dynamics, J. Atmos. Sci., 71, 2842-2858, doi: 10.1175/JAS-D-13-0170.1.
20. Tompkins, A.M., (2001), Organization of tropical convection in low vertical wind shears: The role of water vapor, J. Atmos. Sci., 58 (6), 529-545, doi: 10.1175/1520-0469(2001)058<0529:OOTCIL>2.0.CO;2.
21. Weaver, J.F., and, S.P. Nelson, (1982), Multiscale aspects of thunderstorm gust fronts and their effects on subsequent storm development, Mon. Weather Rev., 110 (7), 707-718, doi: 10.1175/1520-0493(1982)110<0707:MAOTGF>2.0.CO;2.
22. Weisman, M.L., and, R. Rotunno, (2004), "A theory for strong long-lived squall lines" revisited, J. Atmos. Sci., 61 (4), 361-382, doi: 10.1175/1520-0469(2004)061<0361:ATFSLS>2.0.CO;2.
23. Weisman, M.L., J.B. Klemp, and, R. Rotunno, (1988), Structure and evolution of numerically simulated squall lines, J. Atmos. Sci., 45 (14), 1990-2013, doi: 10.1175/1520-0469(1988)045<1990:SAEONS>2.0.CO;2.
24. Young, G.S., S.M. Perugini, and, C.W. Fairall, (1995), Convective wakes in the equatorial western pacific during TOGA, Mon. Weather Rev., 123 (1), 110-123, doi: 10.1175/1520-0493(1995)123<0110:CWITEW>2.0.CO;2.
25. Zhang, Y., and, S.A. Klein, (2010), Mechanisms affecting the transition from shallow to deep convection over land: Inferences from observations of the diurnal cycle collected at the ARM Southern Great Plains site, J. Atmos. Sci., 67 (9), 2943-2959, doi: 10.1175/2010JAS3366.1.