Ventricular structure-function relations in health and disease: Part I. The normal heart

European Journal of Cardio-thoracic Surgery

Volumn 47, Issue 4, 2015, Pages 587-601

  Buckberg, Gerald D ^a   Hoffman, Julien I E ^b   Cecil Coghlan, H ^c   Nanda, Navin C ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c University of Alabama at Birmingham and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center   (United States)

Author keywords

Helical ventricular myocardial band; Left heart failure; Pacing; Resynchronization; Right heart failure; Sphericity index

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; HEART CONTRACTION; HEART EJECTION FRACTION; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE FUNCTION; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE PRESSURE; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE VOLUME; HEART VENTRICLE FILLING; HEART VENTRICLE FUNCTION; HEART VENTRICLE WALL MOTION; HELICAL VENTRICULAR MYOCARDIAL BAND; HUMAN; MECHANICS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; TORSION; ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; HEART VENTRICLE; PHYSIOLOGY;

HEART VENTRICLES; HUMANS; MODELS, CARDIOVASCULAR; MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION; VENTRICULAR FUNCTION;

EID: 84926476537     PISSN: 10107940     EISSN: 1873734X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezu278     Document Type: Article

References (82)

1. Keith A. Harveian lecture on the functional anatomy of the heart. Br Med J 1918;1:361-3.
2. Robb J, Robb R. The normal heart: anatomy and physiology of the structural units. Am Heart J 1942;23:455-67.
3. Grant RP. Notes on the muscular architecture of the left ventricle. Circulation 1965;32:301-8.
4. Anderson RH, Ho SY, Sanchez-Quintana D, Redmann K, Lunkenheimer PP. Heuristic problems in defining the three-dimensional arrangement of the ventricular myocytes. Anat Rec A Discov Mol Cell Evol Biol 2006;288:579-86.
5. Arts T, Costa KD, Covell JW, McCulloch AD. Relating myocardial laminar architecture to shear strain and muscle fiber orientation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2001;280:H2222-9.
6. Pope AJ, Sands GB, Smaill BH, LeGrice IJ. Three-dimensional transmural organization of perimysial collagen in the heart. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2008;295:H1243-H52.
7. Buckberg GD. The structure and function of the helical heart and its buttress wrapping. II. Interface between unfolded myocardial band and evolution of primitive heart. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2001;13:320-32.
8. Buckberg G, Hoffman JI, Mahajan A, Saleh S, Coghlan C. Cardiac mechanics revisited: the relationship of cardiac architecture to ventricular function. Circulation 2008;118:2571-87.
9. Buckberg G, Hoffman JI, Nanda NC, Coghlan C, Saleh S, Athanasuleas C. Ventricular torsion and untwisting: further insights into mechanics and timing interdependence: a viewpoint. Echocardiography 2011;28:782-804.
10. Gilbert SH, Benoist D, Benson AP, White E, Tanner SF, Holden AV et al. Visualization and quantification of whole rat heart laminar structure using high-spatial resolution contrast-enhanced MRI. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2012;302:H287-98.
11. Torrent Guasp F. Anatomia Funcional del Corazon. Madrid: Paz Montalvo, 1957.
12. Buckberg G, Mahajan A, Saleh S, Hoffman JI, Coghlan C. Structure and function relationships of the helical ventricular myocardial band. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2008;136:578-89. 589.e1-11.
13. Streeter DD Jr, Spotnitz HM, Patel DP, Ross J Jr, Sonnenblick EH. Fiber orientation in the canine left ventricle during diastole and systole. Circ Res 1969;24:339-47.
14. Wu MT, Tseng WY, Su MY, Liu CP, Chiou KR, Wedeen VJ et al. Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging mapping the fiber architecture remodeling in human myocardium after infarction: correlation with viability and wall motion. Circulation 2006;114:1036-45.
15. Sallin EA. Fiber orientation and ejection fraction in the human left ventricle. Biophys J 1969;9:954-64.
16. Robinson TF, Geraci MA, Sonnenblick EH, Factor SM. Coiled perimysial fibers of papillary muscle in rat heart: morphology, distribution, and changes in configuration. Circ Res 1988;63:577-92.
17. Spotnitz WD, Welker RL. Update on myocardial contrast echocardiography: a surgeon's perspective. Sem Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1998;10:265-72.
18. Ingels NB Jr, Hansen DE, Daughters GT II, Stinson EB, Alderman EL, Miller DC. Relation between longitudinal, circumferential, and oblique shortening and torsional deformation in the left ventricle of the transplanted human heart. Circ Res 1989;64:915-27.
19. Clemente CD. Anatomy: a Regional Atlas of the Human Body, 6th edn. Wolters Kluver/Lippincott/Williams & Wilkins, 2010.
20. Moore KD, Dalley AF, Agur AMR. Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 7th edn. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2013.
21. Castella M, Buckberg GD, Saleh S, Gharib M. Structure function interface with sequential shortening of basal and apical components of the myocardial band. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2005;27:980-7.
22. Takeuchi M, Nakai H, Kokumai M, Nishikage T, Otani S, Lang RM. Age-related changes in left ventricular twist assessed by two-dimensional speckle-tracking imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2006;19:1077-84.
23. Sengupta PP, Krishnamoorthy VK, Korinek J, Narula J, Vannan MA, Lester SJ et al. Left ventricular form and function revisited: applied translational science to cardiovascular ultrasound imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2007;20:539-51.
24. van Dalen BM, Soliman OI, Vletter WB, Kauer F, van der Zwaan HB, ten Cate FJ et al. Feasibility and reproducibility of left ventricular rotation parameters measured by speckle tracking echocardiography. Eur J Echocardiogr 2009;10:669-76.
25. Sengupta PP, Tajik AJ, Chandrasekaran K, Khandheria BK. Twist mechanics of the left ventricle: principles and application. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2008;1:366-76.
26. Ashikaga H, van der Spoel TI, Coppola BA, Omens JH. Transmural myocardial mechanics during isovolumic contraction. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2009;2:202-11.
27. Jung B, Markl M, Foll D, Hennig J. Investigating myocardial motion by MRI using tissue phase mapping. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2006;29(Suppl 1):S150-7.
28. McDonald IG. The shape and movements of the human left ventricle during systole. A study by cineangiography and by cineradiography of epicardial markers. Am J Cardiol 1970;26:221-30.
29. Lorenz CH, Pastorek JS, Bundy JM. Delineation of normal human left ventricular twist throughout systole by tagged cine magnetic resonance imaging. J Cardiovasc Mag Reson 2000;2:97-108.
30. Russel IK, Gotte MJ, Kuijer JP, Marcus JT. Regional assessment of left ventricular torsion by CMR tagging. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2008;10:26.
31. Knudtson ML, Galbraith PD, Hildebrand KL, Tyberg JV, Beyar R. Dynamics of left ventricular apex rotation during angioplasty: a sensitive index of ischemic dysfunction. Circulation 1997;96:801-8.
32. van Dalen BM, Soliman OI, Vletter WB, ten Cate FJ, Geleijnse ML. Insights into left ventricular function from the time course of regional and global rotation by speckle tracking echocardiography. Echocardiography 2009;26:371-7.
33. Gibbons Kroeker CA, Ter Keurs HE, Knudtson ML, Tyberg JV, Beyar R. An optical device to measure the dynamics of apex rotation of the left ventricle. Am J Physiol 1993;265:H1444-9.
34. Notomi Y, Srinath G, Shiota T, Martin-Miklovic MG, Beachler L, Howell K et al. Maturational and adaptive modulation of left ventricular torsional biomechanics: Doppler tissue imaging observation from infancy to adulthood. Circulation 2006;113:2534-41.
35. Notomi Y, Martin-Miklovic MG, Oryszak SJ, Shiota T, Deserranno D, Popovic ZB et al. Enhanced ventricular untwisting during exercise: a mechanistic manifestation of elastic recoil described by Doppler tissue imaging. Circulation 2006;113:2524-33.
36. Notomi Y, Popovic ZB, Yamada H, Wallick DW, Martin MG, Oryszak SJ et al. Ventricular untwisting: a temporal link between left ventricular relaxation and suction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2008;294:H505-13.
37. van Dalen BM, Vletter WB, Soliman OI, ten Cate FJ, Geleijnse ML. Importance of transducer position in the assessment of apical rotation by speckle tracking echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2008;21:895-8.
38. Goffinet C, Chenot F, Robert A, Pouleur AC, le Polain de Waroux JB, Vancrayenest D et al. Assessment of subendocardial vs. subepicardial left ventricular rotation and twist using two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography: comparison with tagged cardiac magnetic resonance. Eur Heart J 2009;30:608-17.
39. Berger T, Pfeifer B, Hanser FF, Hintringer F, Fischer G, Netzer M et al. Single-beat noninvasive imaging of ventricular endocardial and epicardial activation in patients undergoing CRT. PloS One 2011;6:e16255.
40. Ramanathan C, Jia P, Ghanem R, Ryu K, Rudy Y. Activation and repolarization of the normal human heart under complete physiological conditions. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2006;103:6309-14.
41. Durrer D, van Dam RT, Freud GE, Janse MJ, Meijler FL, Arzbaecher RC. Total excitation of the isolated human heart. Circulation 1970;41:899-912.
42. Yue AM, Betts TR, Roberts PR, Morgan JM. Global dynamic coupling of activation and repolarization in the human ventricle. Circulation 2005;112:2592-601.
43. Ballester-Rodes M, Flotats A, Torrent-Guasp F, Carrio-Gasset I, Ballester-Alomar M, Carreras F et al. The sequence of regional ventricular motion. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2006;29(Suppl 1):S139-44.
44. del Romeral LM, Stillson C, Lesh M, Dae M, Botvinick E. The relationship of myocardial contraction and electrical excitation-the correlation between scintigraphic phase image analysis and electrophysiologic mapping. J Nucl Cardiol 2009;16:792-800.
45. Clayton PD, Bulawa WF, Klausner SC, Urie PM, Marshall HW, Warner HR. The characteristic sequence for the onset of contraction in the normal human left ventricle. Circulation 1979;59:671-9.
46. Gotte MJ, Germans T, Russel IK, Zwanenburg JJ, Marcus JT, van Rossum AC et al. Myocardial strain and torsion quantified by cardiovascular magnetic resonance tissue tagging: studies in normal and impaired left ventricular function. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;48:2002-11.
47. Sengupta PP, Khandheria BK, Korinek J, Wang J, Jahangir A, Seward JB et al. Apex-to-base dispersion in regional timing of left ventricular shortening and lengthening. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;47:163-72.
48. Sengupta PP, Khandheria BK, Korinek J, Wang J, Belohlavek M. Biphasic tissue Doppler waveforms during isovolumic phases are associated with asynchronous deformation of subendocardial and subepicardial layers. J Appl Physiol 2005;99:1104-11.
49. Ashikaga H, Coppola BA, Hopenfeld B, Leifer ES, McVeigh ER, Omens JH. Transmural dispersion of myofiber mechanics: implications for electrical heterogeneity in vivo. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;49:909-16.
50. Sengupta PP, Korinek J, Belohlavek M, Narula J, Vannan MA, Jahangir A et al. Left ventricular structure and function: basic science for cardiac imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;48:1988-2001.
51. Buckberg GD, Castella M, Gharib M, Saleh S. Structure/function interface with sequential shortening of basal and apical components of the myocardial band. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2006;29(Suppl 1):S75-97.
52. Park CH, Chow WH, Gibson DG. Phase differences between left ventricular wall motion and transmitral flow in man: evidence for involvement of ventricular restoring forces in normal rapid filling. Int J Cardiol 1989;24:347-54.
53. Karwatowski SP, Brecker SJ, Yang GZ, Firmin DN, St John Sutton M, Underwood SR. A comparison of left ventricular myocardial velocity in diastole measured by magnetic resonance and left ventricular filling measured by Doppler echocardiography. Eur Heart J 1996;17:795-802.
54. Kass DA. Is heart failure with decent systole due to bad diastole? J Card Fail 2005;11:188-90.
55. Cheng-Baron J, Chow K, Khoo NS, Esch BT, Scott JM, Haykowsky MJ et al. Measurements of changes in left ventricular volume, strain, and twist during isovolumic relaxation using MRI. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010;298:H1908-18.
56. Pohost GM, Dinsmore RE, Rubenstein JJ, O'Keefe DD, Grantham RN, Scully HE et al. The echocardiogram of the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve. Correlation with hemodynamic and cineroentgenographic studies in dogs. Circulation 1975;51:88-97.
57. Wiggers CJ. The dynamics of the heart beat. In WIggers CJ (ed). Physiology in Health and Disease. London: Henry Kimpton, 1949, 644-69.
58. Tsakiris AG, Gordon DA, Padiyar R, Frechette D. Relation of mitral valve opening and closure to left atrial and ventricular pressures in the intact dog. Am J Physiol 1978;234:H146-51.
59. Lee CH, Vancheri F, Josen MS, Gibson DG. Discrepancies in the measurement of isovolumic relaxation time: a study comparing M mode and Doppler echocardiography. Br Heart J 1990;64:214-8.
60. Saleh S, Liakopoulos O, Buckberg GD. The septal motor of biventricular function. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2006;29:S126-S138.
61. Zhukov L, Barr AH. Heart-muscle fibre reconstruction from diffusion tensor MRI. Proceedings of the 14th IEEE Visualization Conference (VIS'03) 2003:597-602.
62. Zile MR, Brutsaert DL. New concepts in diastolic dysfunction and diastolic heart failure: part II: causal mechanisms and treatment. Circulation 2002;105:1503-8.
63. Granzier H, Wu Y, Siegfried L, LeWinter M. Titin: physiological function and role in cardiomyopathy and failure. Heart Fail Rev 2005;10:211-23.
64. Voigt JU, Lindenmeier G, Exner B, Regenfus M, Werner D, Reulbach U et al. Incidence and characteristics of segmental postsystolic longitudinal shortening in normal, acutely ischemic, and scarred myocardium. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2003;16:415-23.
65. Hui L, Pemberton J, Hickey E, Li XK, Lysyansky P, Ashraf M et al. The contribution of left ventricular muscle bands to left ventricular rotation: assessment by a 2-dimensional speckle tracking method. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2007;20:486-91.
66. Hristov N, Liakopoulos OJ, Buckberg GD, Trummer G. Septal structure and function relationships parallel the left ventricular free wall ascending and descending segments of the helical heart. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2006;29 (Suppl 1):S115-25.
67. Buckberg GD, Castella M, Gharib M, Saleh S. Active myocyte shortening during the 'isovolumetric relaxation' phase of diastole is responsible for ventricular suction; 'systolic ventricular filling'. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2006;29(S1):S98-S106.
68. Gilbert JC, Glantz SA. Determinants of left ventricular filling and of the diastolic pressure-volume relation. Circ Res 1989;64:827-52.
69. Katz LN. The role played by the ventricular relaxation process in filling the ventricle. Am J Physiol 1930;95:542-53.
70. Brecher GA. Experimental evidence of ventricular diastolic suction. Circ Res 1956;4:513-8.
71. Zile MR, Baicu CF, Gaasch WH. Diastolic heart failure-abnormalities in active relaxation and passive stiffness of the left ventricle. New Engl J Med 2004;350:1953-9.
72. Rademakers FE, Buchalter MB, Rogers WJ, Zerhouni EA, Weisfeldt ML, Weiss JL et al. Dissociation between left ventricular untwisting and filling. Accentuation by catecholamines. Circulation 1992;85:1572-81.
73. Dong SJ, Hees PS, Siu CO, Weiss JL, Shapiro EP. MRI assessment of LV relaxation by untwisting rate: a new isovolumic phase measure of tau. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2001;281:H2002-9.
74. Shapiro EP, Rademakers FE. Importance of oblique fiber orientation for left ventricular wall deformation. Technol Health Care 1997;5:21-8.
75. Buckberg G, Athanasuleas C, Conte J. Surgical ventricular restoration for the treatment of heart failure. Nat Rev Cardiol 2012;9:703-16.
76. Sakuma M, Ishigaki H, Komaki K, Oikawa Y, Katoh A, Nakagawa M et al. Right ventricular ejection function assessed by cineangiographyimportance of bellows action. Circ J 2002;66:605-9.
77. Lunkenheimer PP, Muller RP, Konermann C, Lunkenheimer A, Kohler F. Architecture of the myocardium in computed tomography. Invest Radiol 1984;19:273-8.
78. Greenbaum RA, Ho SY, Gibson DG, Becker AE, Anderson RH. Left ventricular fibre architecture in man. Br Heart J 1981;45:248-63.
79. Starr I, Jeffers WA, Meade R Jr. The absence of conspicuous increments of venous pressure after severe damage to the right ventricle of the dog, with a discussion of the relation between clinical congestive failure and heart disease. Am Heart J 1943;26:291-301.
80. Donald DE, Essex HE. Pressure studies after inactivation of the major portion of the canine right ventricle. Am J Physiol 1954;176:155-61.
81. Sawatani S, Mandell G, Kusaba E, Schraut W, Cascade P, Wajszczuk WJ et al. Ventricular performance following ablation and prosthetic replacement of right ventricular myocardium. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs 1974;20 B:629-36.
82. Cox JL, Bardy GH, Damiano RJ Jr, German LD, Fedor JM, Kisslo JA et al. Right ventricular isolation procedures for nonischemic ventricular tachycardia. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1985;90:212-24.