Spanish Indignados and the evolution of the 15M movement on Twitter: towards networked para-institutions

Journal of Spanish Cultural Studies

Volumn 15, Issue 1-2, 2014, Pages 189-216

  Peña López, Ismael ^a   Congosto, Mariluz ^b   Aragón, Pablo ^c  

^a UNIVERSITAT OBERTA DE CATALUNYA   (Spain)

^b UNIVERSIDAD CARLOS III DE MADRID   (Spain)

^c Barcelona Media Foundation   (Spain)

Author keywords

15M; Indignados; institutional politics; social network analysis; Spanish revolution; Twitter

Indexed keywords

EID: 84926200352     PISSN: 14636204     EISSN: 14699818     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/14636204.2014.931678     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. L.A.Adamic, Lada A., and N.GlanceNatalie. “The Political Blogosphere and the 2004 U.S. Election: Divided They Blog.” LinkKDD '05: Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Link Discovery. New York: ACM, 2005. 36–43.
2. M.A.Alcazan, Monty A.,. Tecnopolítica, Internet y r-evoluciones: sobre la centralidad de redes digitales en el #15M. Barcelona: Icaria, 2012.
3. E.Anduiza, Eva, A.GallegoAina, and L.JorbaLaia. The Political Knowledge Gap in the New Media Environment: Evidence from Spain. Seminar on Citizen Politics: Are the New Media Reshaping Political Engagement? May2009. Barcelona: IGOP, 2009.
4. E.Anduiza, Eva, I.MartínIrene, and A.MateosAraceli. “Las consecuencias electorales del 15M en las elecciones generales de 2011.” Arbor: Ciencia, Pensamiento y Cultura 188/756 (2012).
5. E.Anduiza, Eva, C.CristanchoCamilo, and J.M.SabucedoJorde M. “Mobilization through Online Social Networks: The Political Protest of the Indignados in Spain.” Arbor: Ciencia, Pensamiento y Cultura 188/756 (2012).
6. P.Aragón, Pablo,. “Communication Dynamics in Twitter during Political Campaigns: The Case of the 2011 Spanish National Election.” Policy and Internet 5.2 (2013): 49–69.
7. V.D.Blondel, Vincent D.,. “Fast Unfolding of Communities in Large Networks.” Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 10.10008 (2008): 1–12.
8. R.Borge, Rosa, and A.S.CardenalAna Sofía. “Surfing the Net: A Pathway to Participation for the Politically Uninterested?” Policy and Internet 3.1 (2012).
9. M.Cantijoch, Marta. Reinforcement and Mobilization: The Influence of the Internet on Different Types of Political Participation. Seminar of Citizen Politics: Are the New Media Reshaping Political Engagement? May2009. Barcelona: IGOP, 2009.
10. A.S.Cardenal, Ana Sofía. “Why Mobilize Support Online? The Paradox of Party Behaviour Online.” Party Politics 19.1 (2012): 83–103.
11. M.Castells, Manuel. Communication Power. Cambridge: Oxford UP, 2009.
12. M.Castells, Manuel. Networks of Outrage and Hope: Social Movements in the Internet Age. Cambridge: Polity P, 2012.
13. H.S.Christensen, Henrik Serup. “Political Activities on the Internet: Slacktivism or Political Participation by Other Means?” First Monday 16.2 (2011). 10.5210/fm.v16i2.3336
14. J.I.Criado, J. Ignacio, and G.M.FuentesGuadalupe Martínez. “¿Hacia la conquista política de la blogosfera? Blogging electoral en la campaña de los comicios municipales del 2007.” IDP: Revista de Internet, Derecho y Ciencia Política 8 (2009).
15. C.Cristancho, Camilo, and J.L.SalcedoJorge Luis. Assessing Internet Mobilization – Integrating Web Analysis and Survey Data. Proc. of Citizen Politics: Are the New Media Reshaping Political Engagement? May2009. Barcelona: IGOP, 2009. 1–36.
16. G.Elmer, Greg,. “‘Blogs I Read’: Partisanship and Party Loyalty in the Canadian Political Blogosphere.” Journal of Information Technology, and Politics 6.2 (2009): 156–65. 10.1080/19331680902832582
17. J.Font, Joan,. “¿'Democracia sigilosa’ en España? Preferencias de la ciudadanía española sobre las formas de decisión política y sus factores explicativos.” Opiniones y Actidudes 71 (2012).
18. S.González-Bailón, Sandra,. “The Dynamics of Protest Recruitment through an Online Network.” Scientific Reports 1, (2011).
19. C.Guadián Orta, Carlos, F.M.R.PardoFrancisco Manuel Rangel, and J.L.SalasJavier Llinares. “Análisis de Redes de Influencia en Twitter.” II Congreso Español de Recuperación de Información (CERI 2012), 2012, Universitat Politècnica de València. 20 Aug. 2012 .
20. R.Inglehart, Ronald. “Changing Values among Western Publics from 1970 to 2006.” West European Politics 31.1–2 (2008): 130–46. 10.1080/01402380701834747
21. Institute for Politics, Democracy and the Internet. Political Influentials Online in the 2004 Presidential Campaign. Washington, DC: George Washington U, 2004. 15 Oct. 2008 .
22. L.Izquierdo Labella, Luis. “Las redes sociales en la política española: Twitter en las elecciones de 2011.” Estudos em Comunicação 11 (2012): 139–53.
23. J.Katz, E.James, R.E.RiceRonald. E., and P.AspdenPhilip. “The Internet, 1995–2000: Access, Civic Involvement, and Social Interaction.” American Behavioral Scientist 45.3 (2001): 405–19. 10.1177/00027640121957268
24. J.W.Kelly, John W. Pride of Place: Mainstream Media and the Networked Public Sphere. Cambridge, MA: Berkman Center for Internet and Society, Harvard U, 2008. 20 Dec. 2008 .
25. J.Kelly, John, D.FisherDanyel, and M.SmithMarc. Debate, Division, and Diversity: Political Discourse Networks in USENET Newsgroups. Online Deliberation Conf., 2005. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford U.
26. M.Kitsak, Maksim,. “Identifying Influential Spreaders in Complex Networks.” Nature Physics 6.11 (2010): 888–93. 10.1038/nphys1746
27. G.Lotan, Gilad,. “The Revolutions Were Tweeted: Information Flows during the 2011 Tunisian and Egyptian Revolutions.” International Journal of Communication 5 (2011): 1375–1405.
28. S.Martínez Roldán, Sergio. Movimiento 15M: construcción del espacio urbano a través de la acción de las Multitudes Inteligentes. Barcelona: UOC, 2011. 26 July 2011 .
29. P.Norris, Pippa, and J.Curtice, John. “If You Build a Political Web Site, Will They Come? The Internet and Political Activism in Britain.” International Journal of Electronic Government Research 2.2 (2006): 1–21. 10.4018/jegr.2006040101
30. B.S.Noveck, Beth S. “A Democracy of Groups.” First Monday 10.11 (2005). 10.5210/fm.v10i11.1289
31. A.Padró-Solanet, Albert. Internet and Votes: The Impact of New ICTs in the 2008 Spanish Parliamentary Elections. Proc. of Internet, Politics, Policy 2010: An Impact Assessment Conf. Sep. 2010, U of Oxford. Oxford: Oxford Internet Institute, 2010. 1–35.
32. I.Peña-López, Ismael. “The Disempowering Goverati: e-Aristocrats or the Delusion of e-Democracy.” Journal of Democracy and Open Government 3.1 (2011): 1–21.
33. I.Peña-López, Ismael. (2011). “Striving behind the Shadow – The Dawn of Spanish Politics 2.0.” Innovating Government: Normative, Policy and Technological Dimensions of Modern Government. Ed. S.van der Hof, and M.Groothuis. The Hague: TMC Asser. 129–47.
34. T.Piñeiro-Otero, Teresa, and C.C.SánchezCarmen Costa. “Ciberactivismo y redes sociales: el uso de facebook por uno de los colectivos impulsores de la'spanish revolution’, Democracia Real Ya (DRY).” Observatorio 6.3 (2012): 89–104.
35. L.Rainie, Lee, K.PurcellKristin, and A.SmithAaron. The Social Side of the Internet. Washington, DC: Pew Internet and American Life Project, 2011.
36. J.M.Robles Morales, José Manuel. Ciudadanía digital: un acercamiento a las causas de la ideología de los internautas españoles. Research Seminar, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, 3July2008. Mimeo.
37. I.Sádaba, Igor. “Acción colectiva y movimientos sociales en las redes digitales: aspectos históricos y metodológicos.” Arbor: Ciencia, Pensamiento y Cultura 188.756 (2012): 781–94.
38. V.Sampedro, Víctor, J.A.López ReyJosé A., and C.Muñoz GoyCelia. “Ciberdemocracia y cibercampaña: ¿Un matrimonio difícil? El caso de las Elecciones Generales en España en 2008.” Arbor: Ciencia, Pensamiento y Cultura 188.756 (2012): 657–72.
39. S.B.Seidman, Stephen. B. “Network Structure and Minimum Degree.” Social Networks 5.3 (1983): 269–87. 10.1016/0378-8733(83)90028-X
40. P.J.Tichenor, Phillip J., G.A.Donohue, and C.N.Olien. “Mass Media Flow and Differential Growth in Knowledge.” Public Opinion Quarterly 34.2 (1970): 159–70. 10.1086/267786
41. J.Toret, Javier, coord. Tecnopolítica: la potencia de las multitudes conectadas. El sistema red 15M, un nuevo paradigma de la política distribuida. Barcelona: UOC-IN3, 2013.
42. S.Wu,, J.M., Hofman, W.A., Mason and D.J.Watts (2011). Who Says What to Whom on Twitter. New York: Yahoo! Research. Retrieved March 30, 2011 from http://research.yahoo.com/files/twitter-flow.pdf.