Scaling macroscopic aquatic locomotion

Nature Physics

Volumn 10, Issue 10, 2014, Pages 758-761

  Gazzola, Mattia ^a   Argentina, Médéric ^b,c   Mahadevan, L ^a,d  

^a HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITÉ CÔTE D'AZUR   (France)

^c INSTITUT UNIVERSITAIRE DE FRANCE   (France)

^d HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HYDRODYNAMICS; KINEMATICS; LAMINAR FLOW; MAMMALS;

BIOLOGICAL TAXA; BODY KINEMATICS; FLUID PROPERTY; PERFORMANCE LIMITS; POWER-LAW; SCALING RELATIONS; SWIMMING SPEED;

BIPED LOCOMOTION;

EID: 84926155131     PISSN: 17452473     EISSN: 17452481     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nphys3078     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Pedley, T. J. Scale Effects in Animal Locomotion (Cambridge Univ. Press, 1977).
2. Vogel, S. Life in Moving Fluids: The Physical Biology of Flow (Princeton Univ. Press, 1996).
3. Fish, F. E. & Lauder, G. V. Passive and active flow control by swimming fishes and mammals. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 38, 193-224 (2006).
4. Childress, S. Mechanics of Swimming and Flying (Cambridge Univ. Press, 1981).
5. Hertel, H. Structure, Form, Movement (Reinhold, 1966).
6. Triantafyllou, M. S., Triantafyllou, G. S. & Yue, D. K. P. Hydrodynamics of fishlike swimming. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 32, 33-53 (2000).
7. Wu, T. Y. Fish swimming and bird/insect flight. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 43, 25-58 (2011).
8. Bainbridge, R. The speed of swimming of fish as related to size and to the frequency and amplitude of the tail beat. J. Exp. Biol. 35, 109-133 (1958).
9. Webb, P.W., Kostecki, P. T. & Stevens, E. D. The effect of size and swimming speed on locomotor kinematics of rainbow trout. J. Exp. Biol. 109, 77-95 (1984).
10. Videler, J. J. & Wardle, C. S. Fish swimming stride by stride: speed limits and endurance. Rev. Fish Biol. Fisheries 1, 23-40 (1991).
11. Mchenry, M., Pell, C. & Long, J. H. Jr Mechanical control of swimming speed: Stiffness and axial wave form in undulating fish models. J. Exp. Biol. 198, 2293-305 (1995).
12. Long, J. H. Jr Muscles, elastic energy, and the dynamics of body stiffness in swimming eels. Am. Zool. 38, 771-792 (1998).
13. Taylor, G. I. Analysis of the swimming of long and narrow animals. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 214, 158-183 (1952).
14. Lighthill, M. J. Large-amplitude elongated-body theory of fish locomotion. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 179, 125-138 (1971).
15. Hess, F. & Videler, J. J. Fast continuous swimming of saithe (Pollachius virens): A dynamic analysis of bending moments and muscle power. J. Exp. Biol. 109, 229-251 (1984).
16. Cheng, J. Y., Pedley, T. J. & Altringham, J. D. A continuous dynamic beam model for swimming fish. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 353, 981-997 (1998).
17. McMillen, T.,Williams, T. & Holmes, P. Nonlinear muscles, passive viscoelasticity and body taper conspire to create neuromechanical phase lags in anguilliform swimmers. PLoS Comput. Biol. 4, e1000157 (2008).
18. Alben, S.,Witt, C., Baker, T. V., Anderson, E. & Lauder, G. V. Dynamics of freely swimming flexible foils. Phys. Fluids 24, 051901 (2012).
19. Kern, S. & Koumoutsakos, P. Simulations of optimized anguilliform swimming. J. Exp. Biol. 209, 4841-4857 (2006).
20. Gazzola, M., van Rees,W. M. & Koumoutsakos, P. C-start: Optimal start of larval fish. J. Fluid Mech. 698, 5-18 (2012).
21. Tytell, E. D., Hsu, C. Y.,Williams, T. L., Cohen, A. H. & Fauci, L. J. Interactions between internal forces, body stiffness, and fluid environment in a neuromechanical model of lamprey swimming. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 107, 19832-19837 (2010).
22. Tytell, E. D. et al. Disentangling the functional roles of morphology and motion in the swimming of fish. Integr. Comp. Biol. 50, 1140-1154 (2010).
23. Bhalla, A. P. S., Griffth, B. E. & Patankar, N. A. A forced damped oscillation framework for undulatory swimming provides new insights into how propulsion arises in active and passive swimming. PLoS Comput. Biol. 9, e1003097 (2013).
24. van Rees,W. M., Gazzola, M. & Koumoutsakos, P. Optimal shapes for anguilliform swimmers at intermediate Reynolds numbers. J. Fluid Mech. 722, R3 (2013).
25. Batchelor, G. K. An Introduction to Fluid Dynamics (Cambridge Univ. Press, 1967).
26. Landau, L. D. & Lifshitz, E. M. Fluid Mechanics (Pergamon Press, 1959).
27. Horner, A. M. & Jayne, B. C. The effects of viscosity on the axial motor pattern and kinematics of the African lungfish (Protopterus annectens) during lateral undulatory swimming. J. Exp. Biol. 211, 1612-1622 (2008).
28. Gazzola, M., Chatelain, P., van Rees,W. M. & Koumoutsakos, P. Simulations of single and multiple swimmers with non-divergence free deforming geometries. J. Comput. Phys. 230, 7093-7114 (2011).
29. Gazzola, M., Hejazialhosseini, B. & Koumoutsakos, P. Reinforcement learning and wavelet adapted vortex methods for simulations of self-propelled swimmers. SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 36, B622-B639 (2014).
30. Taylor, G. K., Nudds, R. L. & Thomas, A. L. R. Flying and swimming animals cruise at a Strouhal number tuned for high power effciency. Nature 425, 707-711 (2003).