The great African war: Congo and regional geopolitics, 1996–2006

The Great African War: Congo and Regional Geopolitics, 1996-2006

Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages 1-327

  Reyntjens, Filip ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ANTWERP   (Belgium)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84926113994     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511596698     Document Type: Book

References (332)

1. Africa Initiative Programme, Ituri Watch, Kinshasa, April 2005.
2. African Rights, A Welcome Expression of Intent. The Nairobi Communiqué and the ex-FAR/Interahamwe, Kigali, December 2007.
3. AIP, APFO, CSVR, FEWER, Ituri. Stakes, actors, dynamics, September 2003.
4. Amnesty International, Zaïre: Amnesty International condemns human rights violations against Tutsi, 20 September 1996.
5. Amnesty International, Great Lakes: Amnesty International condemns massacre of around 500 refugees in Eastern Zaire, 26 November 1996.
6. Amnesty International, Zaire: Hidden from scrutiny: human rights abuses in eastern Zaire, 19 December 1996.
7. Amnesty International, Great Lakes Region: Refugee crisis far from over, 24 January 1997.
8. Amnesty International, Rwanda: Amnesty delegates back from Rwanda report new wave of human rights abuses, 19 February 1997.
9. Amnesty International, Amnesty International condemns abuses against Rwandese Refugees, 30 April 1997.
10. Amnesty International, Burundi: Ethnic 'regroupment' takes place in the context of massacres, 15 July 1997.
11. Amnesty International, South Africa ignores grave human rights violations in Rwanda by resuming sales of military equipment, 25 July 1997.
12. Amnesty International, Burundi: Government carries out political executions after grossly unfair trials, 1 August 1997.
13. Amnesty International, Rwanda. Ending the silence, 25 September 1997.
14. Amnesty International, Democratic Republic of Congo. Deadly alliances in Congolese forests, 3 December 1997.
15. Amnesty International, Rwanda. Civilians trapped in armed conflict. 'The dead can no longer be counted', 19 December 1997.
16. Amnesty International, DRC. Democratic liberties denied, February 1998.
17. Amnesty International, Rwanda: selon les délégués d'Amnesty International, les 'disparitions' atteignent un taux alarmant, 12 March 1998.
18. Amnesty International, Democratic Republic of Congo. Rwandese-controlled East: Devastating toll, 19 June 2001.
19. Amnesty International, Democratic Republic of Congo: Arming the east, July 2005.
20. Amnesty International, DRC: Stability threatened as country fails to reform army, 25 January 2007.
21. Asadho, Rapport de l'Asadho sur le conflit inter-ethnique Hema-Lendu en territoire de Djugu dans la Province Orientale, Kinshasa, 7 December 1999.
22. Autesserre, S., Local Violence, International Indifference? Post-conflict 'settlement' in the Eastern D. R. Congo (2003-2005), New York University, Ph.D. Thesis, September 2006.
23. Avocats sans frontières, Projet 'Justice pour tous au Rwanda'. Rapport annuel 1997, Brussels, 1998.
24. Azadho, Nord-Kivu: Etat d'urgence, Kinshasa, April 1996.
25. Azadho, Nord-Kivu: Existence de charniers et de fosses communes, Kinshasa, 1 March 1997.
26. Azadho, Nord-Kivu: Appel urgent n° 003/97. SOS au Congo-Zaïre: les espaces démocratiques menacés, Kinshasa, 10 June 1997.
27. Azadho, Nord-Kivu: Droits de l'Homme au Nord-Kivu. Une année d'administration AFDL: plus ça change, plus c'est la même chose, Kinshasa, November 1997.
28. Azadho, Nord-Kivu: les massacres continuent au nom de la guerre contre les May-May, Kinshasa, 2 February 1998.
29. Barnes, W., 'Kivu: l'enlisement dans la violence', Politique Africaine, 73, March 1999, 123-136.
30. Barnett, M. N., 'The UN Security Council, Indifference, and Genocide in Rwanda', Cultural Anthropology, 1997, 551-578.
31. Barouski, D., Laurent Nkundabatware, his Rwandan Allies, and the ex-ANC Mutiny: Chronic Barriers to Lasting Peace in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, electronic document, 13 February 2007 (www.Zmag.org/racewatch/LKandexANC.pdf).
32. Bayart, J. F., 'La guerre en Afrique: dépérissement ou formation de l'Etat?', Esprit, 1998, 55-73.
33. Berghezan, G., 'Une guerre cosmopolite', in: Kabila prend le pouvoir, Brussels, GRIP-Editions Complexe, 1998, pp. 94-97.
34. Bijard, L., 'Zaïre. La faim fera le travail …', Le Nouvel Observateur, 14-20 November 1996.
35. Block, R., 'Lost in Africa: How U.S. Landed On Sidelines In Zaire', The Wall Street Journal, 21 April 1997.
36. Bouvier, P., Le dialogue intercongolais. Anatomie d'une négociation à la lisière du chaos, Brussels-Paris, Institut Africain-L'Harmattan, Cahiers Africains, No. 63-64, 2004.
37. Boyle, S., 'Rebels repel Zaire counter-offensive', Jane's Intelligence Review, 1 April 1997.
38. Boyle, S., 'The White Legion: Mercenaries in Zaire', Jane's Intelligence Review, 1 June 1997.
39. Bradol, J.-H., Guibert, A., 'Le temps des assassins et l'espace humanitaire, Rwanda, Kivu, 1994-1997', Hérodote, 86-87, 1997, 116-149.
40. Braeckman, C., 'Zaïre: la fin d'une prise d'otages', Le Soir, 16-17 November 1996.
41. Braeckman, C., 'Zaïre: récit d'une prise de pouvoir annoncée', Politique internationale, No. 76, 1997.
42. Braeckman, C., 'Christian Tavernier, du Zaïre au Congo', Le Soir, 3 October 1997.
43. Braeckman, C., 'La campagne victorieuse de l'AFDL', in: Kabila prend le pouvoir, Brussels, GRIP-Editions Complexe, 1998, pp. 65-89.
44. Braeckman, C., 'La quadrature du cercle, ou l'ingratitude obligée', in: Kabila prend le pouvoir, Brussels, GRIP-Editions Complexe, 1998, pp. 175-180.
45. Braeckman, C., L'enjeu congolais. L'Afrique centrale après Mobutu, Paris, Fayard, 1999.
46. Braeckman, C., Les nouveaux prédateurs. Politique des puissances en Afrique centrale, Paris, Fayard, 2003.
47. Braeckman, C., 'Tshisekedi ou le front du refus', Le Soir, 18 May 2005.
48. Burnet Institute, International Rescue Committee, Mortality in the Democratic Republic of Congo: Results from a Nationwide Survey, 9 December 2004.
49. Centre de lutte contre l'impunité et l'injustice au Rwanda, Communiqué n° 7/96. Massacres de réfugiés rwandais et burundais dans les camps du Sud-Kivu au Zaïre, 8 November 1996.
50. Centre de lutte contre l'impunité et l'injustice au Rwanda, Communiqué n° 22/97. L'armée rwandaise a massacré, dans la grotte de Nyakinama, plus de 8.000 habitants de quatre secteurs de la commune Kanama (Gisenyi) entre les 24 et 27 octobre 1997, 24 November 1997.
51. Chabal, P., Daloz, J.-P., Africa Works. Disorder as Political Instrument, London, The International African Institute, 1999.
52. Chambon, F., 'La grande prudence de la diplomatie sud-africaine', Le Monde, 6 November 1996.
53. Charlier, T., 'Les mercenaires français au Zaïre', Raids-Magazine, No. 132, May 1997.
54. Chester, E. T., Covert Network. Progressives, the International Rescue Committee, and the CIA, Armonk-London, M.E. Sharpe, 1995.
55. Clark, J. F. (Ed.), The African Stakes of the Congo War, New York-Houndmills, Palgrave McMillan, 2002.
56. Clark, J. F. 'Introduction. Causes and Consequences of the Congo War', in: Clark, J. F. (Ed.), The African Stakes of the Congo War, New York-Houndmills, Palgrave MacMillan, 2002, pp. 1-10.
57. Clark, J. F. 'Museveni's Adventure in the Congo War. Uganda's Vietnam?', in: Clark, J. F. (Ed.), The African Stakes of the Congo War, New York-Houndmills, Palgrave MacMillan, 2002, pp. 145-165.
58. Clark, J. F. Conflits de l'Est du Zaïre. Repères et enjeux, Kinshasa, Editions Secco, January 1997.
59. Consultancy visit to North and South Kivu, 5-21 January 1998, March 1998.
60. Coopération et Progrès, Zaïre. L'armée au service du développement, Brussels, March 1996.
61. Cosma, W. B., Fizi 1967-1986. Le maquis Kabila, Brussels-Paris, Institut Africain- L'Harmattan, Cahiers Africains, No. 26, 1997.
62. Cros, M. -F., 'Pour quelques pépites de plus: le centurion, la mine et les contrats', La Libre Belgique, 22 May 1998.
63. Cros, M. -F., 'La situation se déteriore au Kivu: vers l'explosion?', La Libre Belgique, 29 June 1998.
64. Cruvellier, T., Le tribunal des vaincus. Un Nuremberg pour le Rwanda?, Paris, Calmann-Lévy, 2006.
65. Cuvelier, J., 'Linking the Local to the Global: Legal Pluralism in the DRC Conflict', in: Vlassenroot, K., Raeymaekers, T. (Eds.), Conflict and Social Transformation in Eastern DR Congo, Ghent, Academia Press, 2004, pp. 197-215.
66. Cuvelier, J., 'Réseaux de l'ombre et configurations régionales: le cas du commerce du coltan en République Démocratique du Congo', Politique Africaine, 93, March 2004, 82-92.
67. Davies, K., 'Workers Report Fighting in Congo', Nairobi, AFP, 10 September 1997.
68. De Barba, P., 'L'engagement américain pendant la guerre au Zaïre', Raids- Magazine, 138, November 1997.
69. De Charybde en Scylla? Rapport de mission Kivu, Zaïre, January 1997.
70. Depelchin, J., From Pre-Capitalism to Imperialism. A History of Social and Economic Formations in Eastern Zaire (Uvira Zone, c. 1800-1965), Stanford University, Ph.D. Dissertation, 1974.
71. De Saint-Moulin, L., 'Projet de Constitution de la RDC. Dimension sociale', Congo-Afrique, 397, September 2005, 84-94.
72. De Schrijver, D., 'Les réfugiés rwandais dans la région des grands lacs en 1996', in: Marysse, S., Reyntjens, F. (Eds.), L'Afrique des grands lacs. Annuaire 1996-1997, Paris, L'Harmattan, 1997, pp. 221-253.
73. Des Forges, A., Leave None to Tell the Story, New York-Paris, Human Rights Watch-International Federation of Human Rights, 1999.
74. Desouter, S., Reyntjens, F., Rwanda. Les violations des droits de l'homme par le FPR/APR. Plaidoyer pour une enquête approfondie, Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Centre for the Study of the African Great Lakes Region, June 1995.
75. Destexhe, A., 'Contre une intervention au Kivu', Le Monde, 14 November 1996.
76. De Villers, G., 'Dernier acte au Zaïre de Mobutu: le Phénix et le Sphinx', in: Kabila prend le pouvoir, Brussels, GRIP-Editions Complexe, 1998, pp. 15-30.
77. De Villers, G., 'Identifications et mobilisations politiques au Congo-Kinshasa', Politique Africaine, 72, December 1998, 81-97.
78. De Villers, G., République démocratique du Congo. Guerre et politique. Les trente derniers mois de L.D. Kabila (août 1998-janvier 2001), Brussels-Paris, Institut Africain-L'Harmattan, Cahiers Africains, No. 47-48, 2001.
79. De Villers, G., 'La guerre dans les évolutions du Congo-Kinshasa', Afrique Contemporaine, 2005, 215, 47-70.
80. De Villers, G., République Démocratique du Congo. Le temps de Joseph Kabila, forthcoming in Cahiers Africains.
81. De Villers, G., Omasombo Tshonda, J., Zaïre. La transition manquée 1990-1997, Bruxelles-Paris, Institut Africain-L'Harmattan, Cahiers Africains, No. 27-28-29, 1997.
82. De Villers, G., Omasombo Tshonda, J., 'La bataille de Kinshasa', Politique Africaine, 84, December 2001, 17-32.
83. De Villers, G., Omasombo Tshonda, J., 'An Intransitive Transition', Review of African Political Economy, 2002, 399-410.
84. De Villers, G., Willame, J.-C., République démocratique du Congo. Chronique politique d'un entre-deux-guerres, octobre 1996-juillet 1998, Brussels-Paris, Institut Africain-L'Harmattan, Cahiers Africains, No. 35-36, 1998.
85. DHA-IRIN, Update on South Kivu, 26 October 1996.
86. DHA-IRIN, Update on Uvira, 18 December 1997.
87. Dietrich, C., The Commercialisation of Military Deployment in Africa, Pretoria, Institute for Security Studies, 2001.
88. Dietrich, C., Hard Currency. The Criminalized Diamond Economy of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and its Neighbours, Ottawa, Partnership Africa Canada, Occasional Paper #4, June 2002.
89. Dorsey, M., 'Violence and Power-Building in Post-Genocide Rwanda', in: Doom, R., Gorus, J. (Eds.), Politics of Identity and Economies of Conflict in the Great Lakes Region, Brussels, VUB Press, 2000, pp. 311-348.
90. Dumoulin, A., La France militaire et l'Afrique, Brussels, GRIP-Editions Complexe, 1997.
91. Dupaquier, J.-F., 'Rwanda: le révisionnisme, poursuite du génocide par d'autres moyens', in: Verdier, R., Decaux, E., Chretien, J.-P. (Eds.), Rwanda. Un génocide du XXe. siècle, Paris, L'Harmattan, 1995, pp. 127-136.
92. Dupont, P., 'La crise politique au Burundi et les efforts de médiation de la communauté internationale', in Reyntjens, F., Marysse, S. (Eds.), L'Afrique des grands lacs. Annuaire 1997-1998, Paris, L'Harmattan, 1998, pp. 39-61.
93. Eltringham, N., Accounting for Horror: Post-Genocide Debates in Rwanda, London, Pluto Press, 2004.
94. Emizet, K., 'The massacre of refugees in Congo: a case of UN peacekeeping failure and international law', The Journal of Modern African Studies, 2000, 163-202.
95. Field, S., Ebrahim, E., 'Peace and Security in the DRC', in: Kadima, D., Kabemba, C. (Eds.), Whither Regional Peace and Security? The Democratic Republic of Congo after the War, Pretoria, Africa Institute of South Africa, 2000, pp. 3-27.
96. Forum Baraza La Kivu, 'Banyamulenge', Roberto Garretón's report and Human Rights in Fizi, Uvira and Mwenga, Zaire: The anatomy of fraud and genesis of a conflict, Montréal, 10 May 1996.
97. Forum Baraza La Kivu, 'For US firms war becomes a business', The Boston Globe, 1 February 1997.
98. Francois, F., 'A la rencontre du Kivu libéré: carnet de route (janvier-février 1997)', in: Kabila prend le pouvoir, Brussels, GRIP-Editions Complexe, 1998, pp. 49-64.
99. French, H. W., 'Zaïre, in Arming the Hutu, is Making Human Shield of the Refugees', The International Herald Tribune, 20 February 1997.
100. French, H. W., 'In Zaire, France Sees the Hand of Washington', The International Herald Tribune, 5 April 1997.
101. French, H. W., A Continent for the Taking. The Tragedy and Hope of Africa, New York, Alfred A. Knopf, 2004.
102. Frodebu, Burundi. Un apartheid qui ne dit pas son nom, Bujumbura, August 1997.
103. Frodebu, Déclaration générale du deuxième congrès ordinaire du parti Sahwanya- Frodebu, Bujumbura, 6 December 1997.
104. Frodebu, Burundi. 'Generals for Hire', Time Magazine, 15 January 1996.
105. Gerard-Libois, J., Van Lierde, J., Congo 1965, Brussels, CRISP, 1965.
106. Global Witness, Same Old Story. A Background Study on Natural Resources in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Washington, June 2004.
107. Global Witness, Under-Mining Peace. Tin: The Explosive Trade in Cassiterite in Eastern DRC, Washington, June 2005.
108. Godding, J.-P., Réfugiés rwandais au Zaïre. Sommes-nous encore des hommes?, Paris, L'Harmattan, 1997.
109. Godhoy, J., 'Special Report: Wanted in Africa, Needed in Iraq', Paris, IPS, 20 May 2004.
110. Gordon, N., 'Return to Hell', Sunday Express, 21 April 1996.
111. Gourevitch, P., We Wish To Inform You That Tomorrow We Will Be Killed With Our Families. Stories from Rwanda, New York, Farrar Strauss and Giroux, 1998.
112. Gowing, N., New challenges and problems for information management in complex emergencies. Ominous lessons from the Great Lakes and Eastern Zaire in late 1996 and early 1997, London, 27 May 1998.
113. Guichaoua, A., Le problème des réfugiés rwandais et des populations banyarwanda dans la région des grands lacs africains, Geneva, UNHCR, 1992.
114. Haut Conseil de la République - Parlement de Transition, Rapport de la commission d'information du HCR-PT sur la situation des personnes déplacées dans les régions du Nord et du Sud-Kivu, Kinshasa, 30 November 1994.
115. Havenne, E., 'La deuxième guerre d'Afrique centrale', in: Marysse, S., Reyntjens, F. (Eds.), L'Afrique des grands lacs. Annuaire 2000-2001, Paris, L'Harmattan, 2001, pp. 143-174.
116. HRFOR, Preparation for a massive influx of Rwandan Refugees from Zaire, 6 November 1996.
117. Humanitarian Law Consultancy, Burundi's Regroupment Policy: a Pilot Study on Its Legitimacy, The Hague, June-July 1997.
118. Human Rights Watch, Rwanda. A New Catastrophe?, December 1994.
119. Human Rights Watch, Rwanda. The Crisis Continues, April 1995.
120. Human Rights Watch, Rearming with Impunity: International Support for the Perpatrators of the Rwandan Genocide, 29 May 1995.
121. Human Rights Watch, Local Rwandan Leaders Assassinated, August 1995.
122. Human Rights Watch, Attacked by All Sides. Civilians and the War in Eastern Zaire, 20 March 1997.
123. Human Rights Watch, Save Rwandan Refugees, 30 April 1997.
124. Human Rights Watch, Zaire. Transition, War and Human Rights, April 1997.
125. Human Rights Watch, Democratic Republic of The Congo. What Kabila is Hiding. Civilian Killings and Impunity in Congo, October 1997.
126. Human Rights Watch, Transition and Human Rights Violations in Congo, December 1997.
127. Human Rights Watch, Uganda in Eastern DRC: Fuelling Political and Ethnic Strife, March 2001.
128. Human Rights Watch, Ituri: 'Covered in Blood'. Ethnically Targeted Violence in North-Eastern DR Congo, July 2003.
129. Human Rights Watch, D.R. Congo: Civilians at Risk During Disarmament, 29 December 2004.
130. Human Rights Watch, Democratic Republic of Congo: Civilians Attacked in North Kivu, July 2005.
131. Human Rights Watch, Democratic Republic of Congo. Elections in Sight: 'Don't Rock the Boat'?, 15 December 2005.
132. Human Rights Watch, D.R. Congo. Journalists and Human Rights Defenders Under Fire, 9 June 2006.
133. Human Rights Watch, D.R. Congo: Halt Growing Violence Ahead of Elections, 26 October 2006.
134. Human Rights Watch, Democratic Republic of Congo. Renewed Crisis in North Kivu, October 2007.
135. Human Rights Watch, Law and Reality. Progress in Judicial Reform in Rwanda, July 2008.
136. International Crisis Group, How Kabila Lost His Way: the Performance of Laurent-Désiré Kabila's Government, Nairobi-Brussels, 21 May 1999.
137. International Crisis Group, Scramble for the Congo. Anatomy of an Ugly War, Nairobi-Brussels, 20 December 2000.
138. International Crisis Group, The Kivus: the Forgotten Crucible of the Congo Conflict, Nairobi-Brussels, 24 January 2003.
139. International Crisis Group, Congo Crisis: Military Intervention in Ituri, Nairobi- New York-Brussels, 13 June 2003.
140. International Crisis Group, Pulling Back from the Brink in the Congo, Nairobi- Brussels, 7 July 2004.
141. International Crisis Group, The Congo's Transition is Failing: Crisis in the Kivus, Nairobi-Brussels, 30 March 2005.
142. International Crisis Group, Security Sector Reform in the Congo, Nairobi- Brussels, 13 February 2006.
143. International Crisis Group, Securing Congo's Elections: Lessons from the Kinshasa Showdown, Nairobi-Brussels, 2 October 2006.
144. International Crisis Group, Congo: Consolidating the Peace, Kinshasa-Brussels, 5 July 2007.
145. International Crisis Group, Congo: Bringing Peace Back to North Kivu, Nairobi- Brussels, 31 October 2007.
146. International Monetary Fund, Rwanda: Selected Issues and Statistical Appendix, IMF Country Report No. 4/383, 2004.
147. International Non-Governmental Commission of Inquiry into the Massive Violation of Human Rights Committed in the Democratic Republic of Congo (former Zaire) 1996-1997, Report Prepared by the International Center for Human Rights and Democratic Development and the Association africaine pour la défense des droits de l'homme en République démocratique du Congo, June 1998.
148. Irin, Zimbabwe: IRIN focus on arms links to Burundi, Johannesburg, 3 February 2000.
149. Jackson, R. N., Rosberg, C. G., 'Why Africa's Weak States Persist: The Empirical and Juridical in Statehood', World Politics, 1982, 1-24.
150. Jackson, S., 'Making a Killing: Criminality & Coping in the Kivu War Economy', Review of African Political Economy, 2002, 517-536.
151. Jean, F., Rufin, J.-C. (Eds.), Economie des guerres civiles, Paris, Hachette, 1996.
152. Joint Evaluation of Emergency Assistance to Rwanda, The International Response to Conflict and Genocide: Lessons from the Rwanda Experience, 1996.
153. Kabila, L. D., Naufrage du processus de re-démocratisation, Hewa-Bora III, PRP, 6 December 1993.
154. Kabila, L. D., Discours-programme du Président de la République à l'ouverture du congrès des CPP, Kinshasa, ACP, 22 April 1999.
155. Kajiga, G., 'Cette immigration séculaire des Rwandais au Congo', Bulletin du CEPSI, 1956, No. 32, pp. 5-64.
156. Kanyamachumbi, P., Les populations du Kivu et la loi sur la nationalité. Vraie ou fausse problématique, Kinshasa, Editions Select, s.d. (1993).
157. Kasereka Mwanawavane, R., Bauma Bahate, N., Nasibu Bilali, C., Trafics d'armes. Enquête de terrain au Kivu (RDC), Brussels, GRIP, 2006.
158. Kennes, E., 'La guerre au Congo', in: Reyntjens, F., Marysse, S. (Eds.), L'Afrique des grands lacs. Annuaire 1997-1998, Paris, L'Harmattan, 1998, pp. 231-272.
159. Kennes, E., 'Du Zaïre à la République Démocratique du Congo: une analyse de la guerre de l'Est', L'Afrique politique 1998, Paris, Karthala, 1998, pp. 175-204.
160. Kennes, E., 'Le secteur minier au Congo: "déconnection" et descente aux enfers', in: Reyntjens, F., Marysse, S. (Eds.), L'Afrique des grands lacs. Annuaire 1999-2000, Paris, L'Harmattan, 2000, pp. 299-342.
161. Kennes, E., Essai biographique sur Laurent-Désiré Kabila, Brussels-Paris, Institut Africain- L'Harmattan, Cahiers Africains, No. 57-58-59, 2003.
162. Konrad Adenauer Stiftung, Le processus électoral 2006 en République Démocratique du Congo. Perception de la population, Kinshasa, s.d. (2007).
163. Kouchner, B., 'Monsieur Mandela, peut-on les laisser mourir?', Le Monde, 5 November 1996.
164. Krueger, R., Krueger, K. T., From Bloodshed to Hope in Burundi. Our Embassy Years during Genocide, Austin, University of Texas Press, 2007.
165. Landsberg, C., 'The Impossible Neutrality? South Africa's Policy in the Congo War', in: Clark, J. F. (Ed.), The African Stakes of the Congo War, New York- Houndmills, Palgrave McMillan, 2002, pp. 169-183.
166. Lanotte, O., République démocratique du Congo. Guerres sans frontiers, Brussels, GRIP-Editions Complexe, 2003.
167. Leaba, O., 'La crise centrafricaine de l'été 2001', Politique Africaine, 84, December 2001, 163-175.
168. Leloup, B., 'Rwanda-Ouganda: chronique d'une guerre annoncée?', in: Marysse, S., Reyntjens, F. (Eds.), L'Afrique des grands lacs. Annuaire 1999-2000, Paris, L'Harmattan, 2000, pp. 127-145.
169. Leloup, B., 'Le contentieux rwando-ougandais et l'Est du Congo', in: Marysse, S., Reyntjens, F. (Eds.), L'Afrique des grands lacs. Annuaire 2002-2003, Paris, L'Harmattan, 2003, pp. 235-255.
170. Leloup, B., Le contentieux rwando-ougandais et l'ordre politique dans la région des grands lacs d'Afrique, University of Antwerp, Ph.D. Thesis, 2008.
171. Lemarchand, R., The Democratic Republic of Congo: From Collapse to Potential Reconstruction, Copenhagen, Centre of African Studies, Occasional Paper, September 2001.
172. Lemarchand, R., The Dynamics of Violence in Central Africa, Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2009.
173. Lemarchand, R., 'L'Etat en voie de privatisation', Politique Africaine, 73, March 1999.
174. Lemarchand, R., 'L'humanitaire et les pièges de la communication politique au Kivu (de mai 1997 à aujourd'hui)', Politique Africaine, 69, March 1998, 143-147.
175. Ligue Iteka, Communiqué sur les massacres de Rukaramu, Bujumbura, 6 January 1998.
176. Lizinde, T., Rwanda: la tragédie, Brussels, 1 May 1996.
177. Longman, T., 'The Complex Reasons for Rwanda's Engagement in Congo', in: Clark, J. F. (Ed.), The African Stakes of the Congo War, New York- Houndmills, Palgrave McMillan, 2002, pp. 129-144.
178. Lubala Mugisho, E., 'La situation politique au Kivu: vers une dualisation de la société', in: Reyntjens, F., Marysse, S. (Eds.), L'Afrique des grands lacs. Annuaire 1997-1998, Paris, L'Harmattan, 1998, pp. 307-333.
179. Lumuna Sando, C. K., Zaïre: quel changement pour quelles structures?, Brussels, Editions A.F.R.I.C.A., 1980.
180. Lutundula, C., 'Analyse de la légitimation de la transition et de la nouvelle République Démocratique du Congo', Afrika-Focus, 1997, 9-30.
181. McKinley, J., 'Serb Who Went to Defend Zaire Spread Death and Horror Instead', The New York Times, 19 March 1997.
182. McKinley, J., 'Mobutu is Gone, but Fighting Goes On', The International Herald Tribune, 14 October 1997.
183. Madsen, W., Genocide and Covert Operations in Africa 1993-1999, Lewiston, The Edwin Mellen Press, 1999.
184. Mamdani, M., 'Why Rwanda trumpeted its Zaire role', Mail and Guardian, 8 August 1997.
185. Mamdani, M., When Victims Become Killers: Colonialism, Nativism, and the Genocide in Rwanda, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 2001.
186. Marysse, S., 'Regress and war: the case of the DR Congo', European Journal of Development Research, 2003, 75-99.
187. Marysse, S., Ansoms, A., Cassimon, D., 'The aid "Darlings" and "Orphans" of the Great Lakes region in Africa', European Journal of Development Research, 2007, 433-458.
188. Mathieu, P., Willame, J.-C. (Eds.), Conflits et guerre au Kivu et dans la région des grands lacs. Entre tensions locales et escalade régionale, Brussels-Paris, Institut Africain-L'Harmattan, Cahiers Africains, No. 39-40, 1999.
189. Mbembe, A., On the Postcolony, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 2001.
190. MDR, Position du parti M.D.R. sur les grands problèmes actuels du Rwanda, Kigali, 6 November 1994.
191. Médecins sans Frontières, Report on Events in Kibeho Camp, April 1995, 25 May 1995.
192. Médecins sans Frontières, Refugee Numbers Analysis, 9 May 1997.
193. Médecins sans Frontières, Forced Flight: A Brutal Strategy of Elimination in Eastern Zaire, 16 May 1997.
194. Mémo des membres de (sic) FPR (Rwanda, Afrique du Sud, Canada, Etats-Unis), Michigan, 31 August 1997.
195. Mémorandum sur l'état de la situation engendrée par le coup de force de quelques militaires contre le pouvoir en date du 20 au 21 octobre 1993, Bujumbura, 27 October 1993.
196. Migabo Kalere, J., Génocide au Congo? Analyse des massacres de populations civiles, Brussels, Broederlijk Delen, 2002.
197. Misser, F., Vers un nouveau Rwanda? Entretiens avec Paul Kagame, Brussels- Paris, Luc Pire-Karthala, 1995.
198. Misser, F., Vallee, O., Les gemmocraties. L'économie politique du diamant africain, Paris, Desclée de Brouwer, 1997.
199. Mnsd, Congo-RDC - Bilan: Gouvernement arrogant et irresponsable, enquête des Nations Unies morte-née, démocratie confisquée, 15 October 1997.
200. Moncel, C., 'Le Kivu au bord d'une nouvelle explosion', L'Autre Afrique, 27 May-9 June 1998.
201. Mpayimana, P., Réfugiés rwandais entre marteau et enclume, Paris, L'Harmattan, 2004.
202. M'Poyo Kasa-Vubu, J., Douze mois chez Kabila (1997-1998), Brussels, Le Cri, 1998.
203. Mukasi, C., La nature de la crise entre le parti Uprona et le gouvernement, Bujumbura, 22 November 1997.
204. Mukendi, G., Kasonga, B., Kabila. Le retour du Congo, Ottignies, Quorum, 1997.
205. Musabyimana, G., L'APR et les réfugiés rwandais au Zaïre 1996-1997, Paris, L'Harmattan, 2004.
206. Musambuko Musemakweli, Toute la vérité sur l'assassinat du général-major André Kisase Ngandu, commandant en chef de l'Alliance (AFDL), Goma, 7 March 1997.
207. Musangamfura, S., J'accuse le FPR de crimes de génocide des populations d'ethnie hutu, de purification ethnique et appelle à une enquête internationale urgente, Nairobi, 8 December 1995.
208. Musangamfura, S., 'Museveni explains Great Lakes Crisis', The Monitor, 30 May, 1 and 2 June 1999.
209. Nations Unies, Commission des Droits de l'Homme, Rapport sur la situation des droits de l'homme au Zaïre, présenté par M. Roberto Garretón, rapporteur spécial, conformément à la résolution 1996/77 de la Commission, 28 January 1997 (E/CN.4/1997/6).
210. Nations Unies, Commission des Droits de l'Homme, Rapport sur la situation des droits de l'homme dans la République Démocratique du Congo (ex-Zaïre), présenté par M. Roberto Garretón, conformément à la résolution 1997/58 de la Commission, 30 January 1998 (E/CN.4/1998/65).
211. NCN Intelligence Reports, A US inspired covert coalition command and control center in Kigali?, Washington D.C., AfIS News Service, 15 July 1997.
212. Ndikumana, V., Afrika, J., Lettre ouverte au Conseil de sécurité de l'ONU sur la situation qui prévaut au Rwanda, Nairobi, 14 November 1994.
213. N'Gbanda Nzambo Ko Atumba, H., Ainsi sonne le glas! Les derniers jours du Maréchal Mobutu, Paris, Editions Gideppe, 1998.
214. Niwese, M., Le peuple rwandais un pied dans la tombe. Récit d'un réfugié étudiant, Paris, L'Harmattan, 2001.
215. Nkubito, A., Le harcèlement, les tracasseries, les menaces, bref la persécution du personnel judiciaire, Kigali, 10 May 1996.
216. Ntisoni, L., J'ai traversé des fleuves de sang, Paris, L'Harmattan, 2008.
217. Nzongola-Ntalaja, G., The Congo from Leopold to Kabila. A People's History, London-New York, Zed Books, 2002.
218. Obotela Rashidi, N., 'L'an I de l'Accord global et inclusif en République démocratique du Congo', in: Reyntjens, F., Marysse, S. (Eds.), L'Afrique des grands lacs. Annuaire 2003-2004, Paris, L'Harmattan, 2004, pp. 111-137.
219. Odom, T. P., Journey into Darkness. Genocide in Rwanda, College Station, Texas A&M University Press, 2005.
220. Overdulve, C. M., 'Fonction de la langue et de la communication au Rwanda', Nouvelle Revue de science missionnaire, 1997, 271-283.
221. Pabanel, J.-P., 'La question de la nationalité au Kivu', Politique Africaine, 41, March 1991, 32-40.
222. Parque, V., 'Le role de la communauté internationale dans la gestion du conflit en République démocratique du Congo', in: Reyntjens, F., Marysse, S. (Eds.)
223. Parque, V., L'Afrique des grands lacs. Annuaire 1999-2000, Paris, L'Harmattan, 2000, pp. 343-376.
224. Parque, V., Reyntjens, F., 'Crimes contre l'humanité dans l'ex-Zaïre: une réalité?', in: Reyntjens, F., Marysse, S. (Eds.), L'Afrique des grands lacs. Annuaire 1997-1998, Paris, L'Harmattan, 1998, pp. 273-306.
225. Perrot, S., 'Entrepreneurs de l'insécurité: la face cache de l'armée ougandaise', Politique Africaine, 75, October 1999, 60-71.
226. Physicians for Human Rights, Investigations in Eastern Congo and Western Rwanda, Washington D.C., 16 July 1997.
227. Pomfret, J., 'In Congo, Revenge Became Rebellion', The Washington Post, 6 July 1997.
228. Pomfret, J., 'Defense Minister Says Arms, Troops Supplied for Anti-Mobutu Drive', The Washington Post, 9 July 1997.
229. Pottier, J., Re-Imagining Rwanda: Conflict, Survival and Disinformation in the Late Twentieth Century, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2002.
230. Pourtier, R., 'Congo-Zaïre-Congo: un itinéraire géopolitique au coeur de l'Afrique', Hérodote, 86-87, 1997, 6-41.
231. Pourtier, R., 'Private US companies train armies around the world', US News and World Report, 8 February 1997.
232. Prunier, G., The Rwanda Crisis. History of a Genocide, New York, Columbia University Press, 1995.
233. Prunier, G., Rwanda: the Social, Political and Economic Situation in June 1997, Writenet (UK), July 1997.
234. Prunier, G., 'La crise du Kivu et ses conséquences dans la région des Grands Lacs', Hérodote, 86-87, 1997, 42-56.
235. Prunier, G., 'Une poudrière au coeur du Congo-Kinshasa', Le Monde diplomatique, July 1998.
236. Prunier, G., 'L'Ouganda et les guerres congolaises', Politique Africaine, 75, October 1999, 43-59.
237. Rafti, M., South Kivu: Sanctuary for the Rebellion of the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda, Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Institute of Development Policy and Management, Discussion Paper 2006-5.
238. Rapport sur la situation qui prévaut actuellement dans les provinces du Nord et du Sud Kivu, s.d. (early September 1997).
239. 'RDC, la guerre vue d'en bas', Politique Africaine, No. 84, December 2001.
240. Reno, W., 'Shadow states and the political economy of civil wars', in: Berdal, M., Malone, M. (Eds.), Greed and Grievance. Economic agendas in civil wars, Boulder-London, Lynne Riener, 2000, pp. 43-63.
241. Renton, D., Seddon, D., Zeilig, L., The Congo. Plunder and Resistance, London- New York, Zed Books, 2007.
242. Report of a fieldtrip to South Kivu 15-22.10.1997: 'One Year After …', 4 November 1997.
243. République Démocratique du Congo, Assemblée Nationale, Commission spéciale chargée de l'examen de la validité des conventions à caractère économique et financier conclues pendant les guerres de 1996-1997 et de 1998, Rapport des travaux, Kinshasa, 26 June 2005.
244. Reyntjens, F., Données sur les 'escadrons de la mort' au Rwanda, Antwerp, 9 October 1992.
245. Reyntjens, F., L'Afrique des grands lacs en crise. Rwanda, Burundi: 1988-1994, Paris, Karthala, 1994.
246. Reyntjens, F., 'Sujets d'inquiétude au Rwanda en octobre 1994', Dialogue, 179, November- December 1994, 3-14.
247. Reyntjens, F., Burundi: Breaking the Cycle of Violence, London, Minority Rights Group, 1995.
248. Reyntjens, F., 'Un ordre constitutionnel dissimulé: la "loi fondamentale" du 26 mai 1995', Dialogue, 186, October-November 1995, 13-22.
249. Reyntjens, F., 'Rwanda. Evolution politique en 1996-1997', in: Marysse, S., Reyntjens, F. (Eds.), L'Afrique des grands lacs. Annuaire 1996-1997, Paris, L'Harmattan, 1997, pp. 43-57.
250. Reyntjens, F., 'Estimation du nombre de personnes tuées au Rwanda en 1994', in: Marysse, S., Reyntjens, F. (Eds.), L'Afrique des grands lacs. Annuaire 1996-1997, Paris, L'Harmattan, 1997, pp. 179-186.
251. Reyntjens, F., 'Rwanda et Burundi: les acteurs politiques', in: Verhasselt, Y. (Ed.), Rwanda- Burundi, Brussels, Royal Academy of Overseas Sciences, 1997, pp. 111-126.
252. Reyntjens, F., 'Evolution politique au Rwanda et au Burundi, 1998-1999', in: Marysse, S., Reyntjens, F. (Eds.), L'Afrique des grands lacs. Annuaire 1998-1999, Paris, L'Harmattan, 1999, pp. 124-157.
253. Reyntjens, F., 'Rwanda, Ten Years On: From Genocide to Dictatorship', African Affairs, 2004, 177-210.
254. Reyntjens, F., Marysse, S. (Eds.), Conflits au Kivu: antécédents et enjeux, Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Centre for the Study of the African Great Lakes Region, 1996.
255. Rogier, E., 'The Inter-Congolese Dialogue: A Critical Overview', in: Malan, M., Gomes Porto, J. (Eds.), Challenges of Peace Implementation. The UN Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Pretoria, Institute for Security Studies, 2004, pp. 25-42.
256. Ruberangabo, E., Mémorandum aux délégués de la communauté Banyamulenge réunis en session à Bukavu sur l'avenir de leur communauté, Bukavu, 13 August 1998.
257. Ruberangeyo, E., Mes inquiétudes sur la gestion actuelle rwandaise des fonds publics, 31 May 1995.
258. Rugumaho, B., L'hécatombe des réfugiés rwandais dans l'ex-Zaïre, Paris, L'Harmattan, 2004.
259. Ruhimbika, M., Les Banyamulenge (Congo-Zaïre) entre deux guerres, Paris, L'Harmattan, 2001.
260. Rupert, J., 'Zaire Reportedly Selling Arms to Angolan Ex-Rebels', The Washington Post, 21 March 1997.
261. Rupiya, M. R., 'A Political and Military Review of Zimbabwe's Involvement in the Second Congo War', in: Clark, J. F. (Ed.), The African Stakes of the Congo War, New York-Houndmills, Palgrave McMillan, 2002, pp. 93-105.
262. Rutayisire, W., Gérald (sic) Prunier: A Eulogy for Genocide, Kigali, 24 October 1997.
263. Rutazibwa, P., 'Cet ethnisme sans fin', Informations Rwandaises et Internationales, No. 5, November-December 1996.
264. Ruzibiza, A., Rwanda. L'histoire secrète, Paris, Editions du Panama, 2005.
265. Ryckmans, F., 'Kinshasa: les malentendus de la "libération"', in: Kabila prend le pouvoir, Brussels, GRIP-Editions Complexe, 1998, pp. 119-133.
266. Samset, I., 'Conflict of Interests or Interests in Conflict? Diamonds and War in the DRC', Review of African Political Economy, 2002, 463-480.
267. Sanders, E. R., 'The Hamitic Hypothesis: Its Origin and Functions in Time Perspective', Journal of African History, 1969, 521-532.
268. Shattuck, J., Simo, P., Durch, W. J., Ending Congo's Nightmare. What the US Can Do to Promote Peace in Central Africa, Washington, International Human Rights Law Group, October 2003.
269. Scherrer, C. P., Ethnisierung und Völkermord in Zentralafrica. Genozid in Rwanda, Bürgerkrieg in Burundi und die Rolle der Weltgemeinschaft, Frankfurt, Campus, 1997.
270. Scherrer, C. P., Central Africa: Conflict Impact Assessment and Policy Options, Copenhagen Peace Research Institute, Working Paper 25/1997.
271. Sénat de Belgique, Rapport fait au nom de la commission d'enquête Grands Lacs par MM. Colla et Dallemagne, session 2002-3, No. 2-942/1, 20 February 2003.
272. Silverstein, K., 'Privatizing War. How Affairs of State are outsourced to corporations beyond public control', The Nation, 2 July-4 August 1997.
273. Smis, S., Oyatambwe, W., 'Complex Political Emergencies, the International Community & the Congo Conflict', Review of African Political Economy, 2002, 411-430.
274. Smith, S., 'Rwanda: enquête sur la terreur tutsie', Libération, 27 February 1996.
275. Société civile du Sud-Kivu, Groupe Jérémie, Pour une paix durable dans la région Est du Zaïre, Bukavu, February 1997.
276. Stearns, J. K., 'Laurent Nkunda and the National Congress for the Defence of the People (CNDP)', in: Marysse, S., Reyntjens, F., Vandeginste, S. (Eds.), L'Afrique des grands lacs. Annuaire 2007-2008, Paris, L'Harmattan, 2008, pp. 245-267.
277. Storey, A., 'Structural adjustment, state power and the genocide: the World Bank and Rwanda', Review of African Political Economy, 2001, 365-386.
278. Taylor, I., 'Conflict in Central Africa: Clandestine Networks & Regional/Global Configurations', Review of African Political Economy, 2003, 45-55.
279. Tull, D. M. 'A Reconfiguration of Political Order? The State of the State in North Kivu (DR Congo)', African Affairs, 2003, 429-446.
280. Tumepata morale. Report of a fieldtrip to South Kivu 1-8.5.1997, 17 May 1997.
281. Turner, T., 'Angola's Role in the Congo War', in: Clark, J. F. (Ed.), The African Stakes of the Congo War, New York-Houndmills, Palgrave McMillan, 2002, pp. 75-92.
282. Turner, T., The Congo Wars, London, Zed Books, 2007.
283. Twagiramungu, F., Sendashonga, S., F.R.D. Plate-forme politique, Brussels, March 1996.
284. UDPS-Belux, L'UDPS face à la crise congolaise, Paris, L'Harmattan, 1999.
285. Umutesi, B., Surviving the Slaughter. The Ordeal of a Rwandan Refugee in Zaire, Madison, University of Wisconsin Press, 2004.
286. United Nations, Commission of Inquiry on Burundi, Final Report, New York, 23 July 1996.
287. United Nations, Commission on Human Rights, Report on the situation of human rights in Zaire, prepared by the Special Rapporteur, Mr. Roberto Garretón, in accordance with Commission resolution 1995/69, 29 January 1996 (E/CN.4/1996/66).
288. United Nations, Commission on Human Rights, Report on the Situation of Human Rights in Zaire, prepared by the Special Rapporteur, Mr. Robert Garretón, in accordance with Commission Resolution 1996/77, 28 January 1997 (E/CN.4/1997/6).
289. United Nations, Commission on Human Rights, Report on the mission carried out at the request of the High Commissioner for Human Rights between 25 and 29 March 1997 to the area occupied by rebels in eastern Zaire, 2 April 1997 (E/CN.4/1997/6/Add.2).
290. United Nations, Economic and Social Council, Report of the joint mission charged with investigating allegations of massacres and other human rights violations occurring in eastern Zaire (now Democratic Republic of the Congo) since September 1996, 2 July 1997 (A/51/942).
291. United Nations, General Assembly, Interim Report on the human rights situation in Burundi submitted by the Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights, pursuant to Economic and Social Council decision 1997/280, 7 October 1997 (A/52/505).
292. United Nations, General Assembly, Report of the Special Representative of the Commission on Human Rights on the situation of human rights in Rwanda, 22 October 1997 (A/52/522).
293. United Nations, Security Council, The Causes of Conflict and the Promotion of Durable Peace and Sustainable Development in Africa. Report of the Secretary General, April 1998 (S/1998/318).
294. United Nations, Security Council, Report of the Investigative Team Charged with Investigating Serious Violations of Human Rights and International Humanitarian Law in the Democratic Republic of Congo, 29 June 1998 (S/1998/581).
295. United Nations, Security Council, Final Report of the International Commission of Inquiry (Rwanda), 18 November 1998 (S/1998/1096).
296. United Nations, Security Council, Report of the Panel of Experts on Violations of Security Council Sanctions against UNITA, 10 March 2000 (S/2000/203).
297. United Nations, Security Council, Report of the Panel of Experts on the Illegal Exploitation of Natural Resources and Other Forms of Wealth of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 12 April 2001 (S/2001/357).
298. United Nations, Security Council, Final Report of the Panel of Experts on the Illegal Exploitation of Natural Resources and Other Forms of Wealth of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 16 October 2002 (S/2002/1146).
299. United Nations, Security Council, Final Report of the Panel of Experts on the Illegal Exploitation of Natural Resources and Other Forms of Wealth of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 23 October 2003 (S/2003/1027).
300. United Nations, Security Council, Report of the Group of Experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 15 July 2004 (S/2004/551).
301. United Nations, Security Council, Report of the Group of Experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 25 January 2005 (S/2005/30).
302. United Nations, Security Council, Report of the Group of Experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 26 July 2005 (S/2005/436).
303. United Nations, Security Council, Final Report of the Group of Experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 18 July 2007 (S/2007/423).
304. U. S. Committee for Refugees, Masisi. Down the Road from Goma: Ethnic Cleansing and Displacement in Eastern Zaire, Washington, June 1996.
305. U. S. Committee for Refugees, Military Deployment in Eastern Zaire Would Be Misguided; Talk of Deployment Threatens to Impede Humanitarian Relief, 28 November 1996.
306. U. S. Committee for Refugees, Site Visit to Eastern Congo/Zaire: Analysis of Humanitarian and Political Issues, 10 June 1997.
307. U. S. Institute of Peace, Special Report. Zaire's Crises of War and Governance, Washington D.C., April 1997.
308. U.S. Military Activities in Rwanda since 1994. Summary, 19 August 1997.
309. Van Acker, F., Vlassenroot, K., 'Les "maï-maï" et les fonctions de la violence milicienne dans l'Est du Congo', Politique Africaine, 84, December 2001, 103-116.
310. Vandeginste, S., 'L'approche "vérité et réconciliation" du génocide et des crimes contre l'humanité au Rwanda', in: Reyntjens, F., Marysse, S. (Eds.), L'Afrique des grands lacs. Annuaire 1997-1998, Paris, L'Harmattan, 1998, pp. 97-140.
311. Van Dyck, H., Rapport sur les violations des droits de l'homme dans le Sud- Equateur, 29 September 1997.
312. Van Leeuwen, M., 'Rwanda's Imidugudu programme and earlier experiences with villagisation and resettlement in East Africa', Journal of Modern African Studies, 2001, 623-644.
313. Verschave, F.-X., La Françafrique. Le plus long scandale de la République, Paris, Stock, 1998.
314. Vircoulon, T., 'République démocratique du Congo: la démocratie sans démocrates', Politique étrangère, 2006, No. 3, pp. 569-581.
315. Vlassenroot, K., The Making of a New Order. Dynamics of Conflict and Dialectics of War in South Kivu (DR Congo), University of Ghent, Ph.D. Thesis, 2002.
316. Vlassenroot, K., 'Citizenship, Identity Formation & Conflict in South Kivu: The Case of the Banyamulenge', Review of African Political Economy, 2002, 499-515.
317. Vlassenroot, K., Raeymaekers, T., 'Le conflit en Ituri', in: Marysse, S., Reyntjens, F. (Eds.), L'Afrique des grands lacs. Annuaire 2002-2003, Paris, L'Harmattan, 2003, pp. 207-233.
318. Vlassenroot, K., Raeymaekers, T., 'The Politics of Rebellion and Intervention in Ituri: The Emergence of a New Political Complex?', African Affairs, 2004, 385-412.
319. Vlassenroot, K., Raeymaekers, T., 'Emerging Complexes in Ituri', in: Vlassenroot, K., Raeymaekers, T. (Eds.), Conflict and Social Transformation in Eastern DR Congo, Ghent, Academia Press, 2004, pp. 177-196.
320. Vlassenroot, K., Raeymaekers, T. (Eds.), Conflict and Social Transformation in Eastern DR Congo, Ghent, Academia Press, 2004.
321. Vunduawe Te Pemako, A l'ombre du Léopard. Vérités sur le régime de Mobutu Sese Seko, Brussels, Editions Zaire Libre, 2000.
322. Weiss, G., Le pays d'Uvira, Brussels, ARSC, 1959.
323. Willame, J.-C., Banyarwanda et Banyamulenge. Violences ethniques et gestion de l'identitaire au Kivu, Brussels-Paris, Institut Africain-L'Harmattan, Cahiers Africains, No. 25, 1997.
324. Willame, J.-C., 'Laurent-Désiré Kabila: les origines d'une anabase', Politique Africaine, 72, December 1998, 68-80.
325. Willame, J.-C., L'odyssée Kabila. Trajectoire pour un Congo nouveau?, Paris, Karthala, 1999.
326. Willame, J.-C., L'Accord de Lusaka. Chronique d'une négociation internationale, Brussels- Paris, Institut Africain-L'Harmattan, Cahiers Africains, No. 51-52, 2002.
327. Winter, R., "How Human Rights Groups Miss the Opportunity to Do Good", The Washington Post, 22 February 1998.
328. Wolters, S., Update on the DRC: Is the Transition in Trouble?, Pretoria, Institute for Security Studies, 20 July 2004.
329. Wolters, S., Boshoff, H., The Impact of Slow Military Reform on the Transition Process in the DRC, Pretoria, Institute for Security Studies, 10 July 2006.
330. Yoka Lye, Lettres d'un Kinois à l'oncle du village, Brussels-Paris, Institut Africain- L'Harmattan, Cahiers Africains, No. 15, 1995.
331. Young, C., 'Contextualizing Congo Conflicts. Order and Disorder in Postcolonial Africa', in: Clark, J. F. (Ed.), The African Stakes of the Congo War, New York-Houndmills, Palgrave McMillan, 2002, pp. 13-31.
332. Zolberg, A. R., Suhrke, A., Aguayo, S., Escape from Violence: Conflict and Refugee Crisis in the Developing World, New York, Oxford University Press, 1989.