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Volumn 33, Issue 2, 1981, Pages 265-295

On Assessing the Size of Forced Concentration Camp Labour in the Soviet Union, 1929-56

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EID: 84925974621     PISSN: 00385859     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09668138108411355     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (17)

References (68)
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    • (1948) , pp. 52-86
    • Dallin, D.J.1    Nicolaevsky, B.I.2
  • 2
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    • A critique of “Appraisals of Russian Economic Statistics
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  • 3
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    • The post war population of the Soviet Union
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  • 4
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    • Labour and Output in Soviet Concentration Camps
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    • (1952) , Issue.59 , pp. 1952
    • Jasny, N.1
  • 5
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    • Preliminary
    • unfinished draft study of the Economics of Soviet Forced Labour work ceased about, unpublished, and Appendix 2, 1.
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  • 6
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    • The Real National Income of Soviet Russia since
    • Harvard UP, 443, see also ‘National income’, in Abram Bergson and Simon Kuznets eds., Economic Trends in the Soviet Union Cambridge, 1963, 16.
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    • Forced Labour and Economic Development: an enquiry into the experience of Soviet Industrialisation Oxford
    • and Appendix, 290
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  • 8
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    • The Great Terror Harmondsworth
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  • 9
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    • Gulag Archipelago
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  • 10
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    • Forced Labour in Soviet Russia London
    • but here 1 will be quoting from an identical British edition which was published in London in 1948.
    • The American edition appeared in 1947, but here 1 will be quoting from an identical British edition which was published in London in 1948. D.J. Dallin and B.I. Nicolaevsky, Forced Labour in Soviet Russia (London, 1948)
    • (1948) The American edition appeared in , pp. 1947
    • Dallin, D.J.1    Nicolaevsky, B.I.2
  • 11
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    • Abram Bergson
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    • Abram Bergson, ‘A problem in Soviet statistics’, in The Review of Economic Statistics, Vol. XXXIX, no. 4 (November 1947), pp. 234-42
    • (1947) , vol.XXXIX , Issue.4 , pp. 234-242
  • 12
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    • Harry Schwartz
    • ‘A critique of “Appraisals of Russian Economic Statistics”’, in The Review of Economics and Statistics
    • Harry Schwartz, ‘A critique of “Appraisals of Russian Economic Statistics”’, in The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. XXX, 1948, pp. 38-41
    • (1948) , vol.XXX , pp. 38
  • 13
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    • The postwar population of the Soviet Union
    • in The American Journal of Sociology
    • N.S. Timasheff, ‘The postwar population of the Soviet Union’, in The American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 54, 1948, pp. 148-55
    • (1948) , vol.54 , pp. 148-155
    • Timasheff, N.S.1
  • 14
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    • The Population of the Soviet Union Geneva
    • F. Lorimer, The Population of the Soviet Union (Geneva, 1946)
    • (1946)
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  • 15
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    • The Reign of Stalin London
    • first published as Staline au pouvoir Paris, 1951.
    • A. Ouralov, The Reign of Stalin (London, 1953), first published as Staline au pouvoir (Paris, 1951)
    • (1953)
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  • 16
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    • Naum Jasny
    • ‘Labour and output in Soviet concentration camps’, Journal of Political Economy
    • Naum Jasny, ‘Labour and output in Soviet concentration camps’, Journal of Political Economy, no. 59, 1951, p. 405
    • (1951) , Issue.59 , pp. 405
  • 17
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    • ibid.
    • A. David Redding, ibid. p. 338
    • David, A.1
  • 18
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    • A note on the economic significance of compulsory labour in the USSR
    • in Bulletins on Soviet Economic Development, series 2, December
    • A. Baykov, ‘A note on the economic significance of compulsory labour in the USSR’, in Bulletins on Soviet Economic Development, no. 7 (series 2), December 1952, pp. 30-41
    • (1952) , Issue.7 , pp. 30-41
    • Baykov, A.1
  • 19
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    • Non-agricultural employment in the USSR
    • unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Columbia, 1958, 99.
    • A. David Redding, Non-agricultural employment in the USSR, 1928-1955, unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Columbia, 1958, p. 99
    • (1955) , pp. 1928
    • David, A.1
  • 21
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    • Abram Bergson and Simon Kuznets eds.
    • Economic trends in the Soviet Union Harvard
    • Abram Bergson and Simon Kuznets (eds.), Economic trends in the Soviet Union (Harvard, 1963), p. 16
    • (1963) , pp. 16
  • 22
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    • Warren Eason
    • ‘Labor Force’, in Abram Bergson and Simon Kuznets eds., op. cit.
    • Warren Eason, ‘Labor Force’, in Abram Bergson and Simon Kuznets (eds.), op. cit. pp. 38-95
  • 24
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    • Robert Conquest The Great Terror Harmondsworth
    • citing Zbigniew Brzezinski, The Permanent Purge Cambridge, Mass. 1956, 99.
    • Robert Conquest, The Great Terror (Harmondsworth, 1971), p. 702, citing Zbigniew Brzezinski, The Permanent Purge (Cambridge, Mass. 1956), p. 99
    • (1971) , pp. 702
  • 25
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    • Robert Conquest
    • op. cit.
    • Robert Conquest, op. cit. p. 702
  • 26
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    • Princeton
    • 1968 212 Stalin s renewal of the leading stratum: a note on the great purge’, Soviet Studies, January 1969, 321
    • T.H. Rigby, Communist Party Membership in the USSR, 1917-1967 (Princeton, 1968), p. 212. A.L. Unger, ‘Stalin's renewal of the leading stratum: a note on the great purge’, Soviet Studies, Vol. XX, no. 3 (January 1969), pp. 321-30
    • (1967) Communist Party Membership in the USSR , vol.XX , Issue.3
    • Rigby, T.H.1    Unger, A.L.2
  • 27
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    • Steven Rosefielde
    • s Kliukva’, Slavic Review, December
    • R.W. Davies and S.G. Wheatcroft, ‘Steven Rosefielde's Kliukva’, Slavic Review, Vol. 39, no. 4 (December 1980)
    • (1980) , vol.39 , Issue.4
    • Davies, R.W.1    Wheatcroft, S.G.2
  • 28
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    • A reinterpretation’, Slavic Review
    • June 1980 210
    • H. Peter, Solomon, Jr. ‘Soviet Penal Policy, 1917-1934: A reinterpretation’, Slavic Review, Vol. 39, no. 2 (June 1980), pp. 210-11
    • (1934) ‘Soviet Penal Policy , vol.39 , Issue.2 , pp. 1917
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  • 29
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    • Sovetskaya yustitsiya
    • Sovetskaya yustitsiya, no. 2, 1934, p. 18
    • (1934) , Issue.2 , pp. 18
  • 30
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    • Dallin and Nicolaevsky
    • op. cit.
    • Dallin and Nicolaevsky, op. cit. p. 210
  • 32
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    • Rosefielde
    • Rosefielde, p. 58
  • 34
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    • Dallin and Nicolaevsky
    • op. cit.
    • Dallin and Nicolaevsky, op. cit. p. 59
  • 35
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    • Dallin and Nicolaevsky
    • op. cit., and Rosefielde, 60.
    • Dallin and Nicolaevsky, op. cit. p. 54, and Rosefielde, p. 60
  • 36
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    • Vyshinsky ed., Ot tyurem k vospitatel'nym uchrezhdeniyam M.
    • The source of Dallin and Nicolaevsky's 60,000 is unexplained.
    • A. Ya. Vyshinsky (ed.), Ot tyurem k vospitatel'nym uchrezhdeniyam (M. 1934), p. 171. The source of Dallin and Nicolaevsky's 60,000 is unexplained
    • (1934) , pp. 171
    • Ya, A.1
  • 37
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    • Preliminary
    • unfinished draft study of the Economics of Soviet Forced Labour work ceased about, unpublished
    • P. Wiles, Preliminary, unfinished draft study of the Economics of Soviet Forced Labour (work ceased about 1959, unpublished), p. 10
    • (1959) , pp. 10
    • Wiles, P.1
  • 38
  • 39
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    • Rosefielde,.Note Rosefielde's omission of Eason's cautious inclusion of ‘or others not reported’.
    • Rosefielde, p. 61. Note Rosefielde's omission of Eason's cautious inclusion of ‘or others not reported’
  • 40
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    • Itogi vsesoyuznoi perepisi naseleniya
    • goda SSSR M. 1962
    • Itogi vsesoyuznoi perepisi naseleniya 1959 goda SSSR (M. 1962), pp. 104-05
    • (1959) , pp. 104
  • 41
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    • Itogi vsesoyuznoi.
    • op. cit.
    • Itogi vsesoyuznoi. op. cit. pp. 161-70
  • 42
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    • Dallin and Nicolaevsky
    • op. cit.
    • Dallin and Nicolaevsky, op. cit. pp. 61-62
  • 43
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    • op. cit., citing the Archives of Vorkutagol' Combine, Accounts for the Basic Activity of Vorkutstroi, for
    • sheet 27.
    • P.I. Negretov, op. cit. p. 571, citing the Archives of Vorkutagol' Combine, Accounts for the Basic Activity of Vorkutstroi, for 1938, sheet 27
    • (1938) , pp. 571
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  • 44
    • 84952411819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • This is a claim which Dallin and Nicolaevsky have also made. Dallin and Nicolaevsky
    • op. cit.
    • This is a claim which Dallin and Nicolaevsky have also made. Dallin and Nicolaevsky, op. cit. p. 51
  • 45
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    • Izvestiya
    • 2 June
    • Izvestiya, 2 June 1939
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  • 46
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    • Itogi vsesoyuznoi perepisi naseleniya
    • goda SSSR M. 1962
    • Itogi vsesoyuznoi perepisi naseleniya 1959 goda SSSR (M. 1962), p. 35
    • (1959) , pp. 35
  • 47
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    • Bergson and Kuznets eds.
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  • 48
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    • op. cit.
    • See for instance
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  • 49
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    • Rosefielde
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  • 50
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    • See Appendix
    • 3a.
    • See Appendix. 3a
  • 51
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    • See Appendix
    • 3b
    • See Appendix.3b
  • 52
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    • V. Yakubson’. Naselenie mest zaklyucheniya v SSSR’
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    • (1929) , Issue.5 , pp. 105
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    • op. cit. 210. 85 Sobranie Zakonov, 22, 1930
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    • M. Gernet, ‘Dvizhenie naseleniya v mestakh zaklyucheniya v SSSR’, Statisticheskoe obozrenie, no. 5, 1928, p. 105. 84 Peter H. Solomon, op. cit. p. 210. 85 Sobranie Zakonov, no. 22, 1930, p. 248
    • (1928) Dvizhenie naseleniya v mestakh zaklyucheniya v SSSR , Issue.5 , pp. 105
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    • Sobranie Zakonov
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    • (1934) , Issue.36 , pp. 283
  • 55
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    • Sobranie Zakonov
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    • Klassovaya borba v derevnye i likvidatsiya kulachestva kak klassa M
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    • A Red Paper on Forced Labor
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    • See Sovetskaya yustitsiya
    • See Sovetskaya yustitsiya, no. 3, 1932, p. 13
    • (1932) , Issue.3 , pp. 13
  • 59
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    • Sotsialisticheskoe stroitelstvo SSSR M
    • Sotsialisticheskoe stroitelstvo SSSR (M. 1934), p. 25
    • (1934) , pp. 25
  • 60
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    • Bulatov
    • ‘Ispravitelno-trudovaya politika RSFSR’, Sovetskya yustitsiya
    • Bulatov, ‘Ispravitelno-trudovaya politika RSFSR’, Sovetskya yustitsiya, no. 2, 1934, p. 18
    • (1934) , Issue.2 , pp. 18
  • 61
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    • Izvestiya
    • 15 December
    • Izvestiya, 15 December 1937
    • (1937)
  • 63
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    • Izvestiya
    • 15 December
    • Izvestiya, 15 December 1937
    • (1937)
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    • Harold Wool
    • op. cit., 49-50 his emphasis. Wool cites A. Ya. Vyshinsky, Izbiratelnyi zakon SSSR M. 16, on this matter.
    • Harold Wool, op. cit. pp. 1, 49-50 (his emphasis). Wool cites A. Ya. Vyshinsky, Izbiratelnyi zakon SSSR (M. 1954), pp. 16-20, on this matter
    • (1954) , pp. 1-20
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    • Moskovskaya gorodskaya i Moskovskaya oblastnaya organizatsii KPSS v tsifrakh M
    • 46-47.
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    • (1972) , pp. 27-29
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    • Leningradskaya organizatsiya KPSS v tsifrakh
    • L. 1974
    • Leningradskaya organizatsiya KPSS v tsifrakh, 1917-73 (L. 1974), pp. 88-89
    • (1917) , pp. 88-89
  • 67
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    • This work lists in chronological order, institutional order and individual order the appointments and removals and transfers of 1,400 senior All-Union government officials all people's commissars, deputy people's commissars, collegium members and the chairmen and deputy chairmen of major state committees and commissions from 1922-41
    • 41 forthcoming, Birmingham.
    • R.W. Davies and S.G. Wheatcroft (eds.), Prominent Officials in the Soviet Union, 1922-41 (forthcoming, Birmingham). This work lists in chronological order, institutional order and individual order the appointments and removals and transfers of 1,400 senior All-Union government officials (all people's commissars, deputy people's commissars, collegium members and the chairmen and deputy chairmen of major state committees and commissions from 1922-41)
    • (1922) Prominent Officials in the Soviet Union
    • Davies, R.W.1    Wheatcroft, S.G.2
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    • Problemy razvitiya proizvoditelnykh sil Magadanskoi Oblasti M
    • Problemy razvitiya proizvoditelnykh sil Magadanskoi Oblasti (M. 1961), pp. 57-59
    • (1961) , pp. 57-59


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