Suicide mortality among agricultural workers in a region with intensive tobacco farming and use of pesticides in Brazil

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Volumn 56, Issue 9, 2014, Pages 993-1000

  Krawczyk, Noa ^a   Meyer, Armando ^b   Fonseca, Maíra ^a   Lima, Jaime ^c  

^a MOUNT SINAI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF RIO DE JANEIRO   (Brazil)

^c FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF RIO DE JANEIRO   (Brazil)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

PESTICIDE;

AGRICULTURAL WORKER; ARTICLE; BRAZIL; BRAZILIAN; CROP PRODUCTION; HUMAN; MORTALITY; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; STANDARDIZED MORTALITY RATIO; SUICIDE; TOBACCO; TOBACCO INDUSTRY; ADVERSE EFFECTS; AGRICULTURE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; FEMALE; MALE; RISK ASSESSMENT; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA;

NICOTIANA TABACUM;

AGRICULTURE; BRAZIL; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; PESTICIDES; RISK ASSESSMENT; SUICIDE; TOBACCO;

EID: 84925940490     PISSN: 10762752     EISSN: 15365948     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000000214     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. World Health Organization. Figures & Facts About Suicide. Geneva: Department of Mental Health, World Health Organization; 1999. Available at: http//whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/1999/WHO MNH MBD 99.1.pdf/. Accessed August 9, 2012.
2. Beseler C, Stallones L, Hoppin JA, et al. Depression and pesticide exposures in female spouses of licensed pesticide applicators in the agricultural health study cohort. J Occup Environ Med. 2006;48:1005-1013.
3. Dudley M, Kelk N, Florio T, et al. Suicide among young rural Australians 1964-1993: a comparison with metropolitan trends. Soc Psychiatry. 1997;32:251-260.
4. Pearce J, Barnett R, Jones I. Have urban/rural inequalities in suicide in New Zealand grown during the period 1980-2001? Soc Sci Med. 2007;65:1807-1819.
5. World Health Organization. Preventing Suicide: A Resource for General Physicians. Geneva: Department of Mental Health, World Health Organization; 2000. Available at: http//www.who.int/mental health/media/en/56.pdf/. Accessed August 9, 2012.
6. Blasco-Fontecilla H, Perez-Rodriguez MM, Garcia-Nieto R, et al. Worldwide impact of economic cycles on suicide trends over 3 decades: differences according to level of development. A mixed effect model study. BMJ Open. 2012;2:e000785. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2011-000785
7. Parrón T, Hernández AF, Villanuevah E. Increased risk of suicide with exposure to pesticides in an intensive agricultural area. A 12-year retrospective study. Forensic Sci Int. 1996;79:53-63.
8. Gregoire A. The mental health of farmers. Occup Med. 2002;52:471-476.
9. Meneghel SN, Victora CG, Faria NM, Carvalho LA, Falk JW. Epidemiological aspects of suicide in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Rev Saúde Publica. 2004;38:804-810.
10. Freire C, Koifman S. Pesticides, depression and suicide: a systematic reviewof the epidemiological evidence. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2013;216:445-460.
11. Bertolote JM, Fleischmann A, Eddleston M, Gunnell D. Deaths from pesticide poisoning: a global response. Br J Psychiatry. 2006;189:201-203.
12. London L, Flisher A, Wesseling C, Mergler D, Kromhout H. Suicide and exposure to organophosphate insecticides: cause or effect? Am J Ind Med. 2005;47:308-321.
13. Stallones L, Beseler C. Pesticide poisoning and depressive symptoms among farm residents. Ann Epidemiol. 2002;12:389-394.
14. Salvi RM, Lara DR, Ghisolfi ES, Portela LV, Dias RD, Souza DO. Neuropsychiatric evaluation in subjects chronically exposed to organophosphate pesticides. Toxicol Sci. 2003;72:267-271.
15. Quandt SA, Chen H, Grzywacz JG, Vallejos QM, Galvan L, Arcury TA. Cholinesterase depression and its association with pesticide exposure across the agricultural season among Latino farmworkers in North Carolina. Environ Health Perspect. 2010;118:636-639.
16. Oliveira PP, Sihler CB, De Moura L, et al. First reported outbreak of green tobacco sickness in Brazil. Cad Saúde Pública. 2010;26:2263-2269.
17. Onuki M, Yokoyama K, Kimura K, et al. Assessment of urinary cotinine as a marker of nicotine absorption from tobacco leaves: a study on tobacco farmers in Malaysia. J Occup Health. 2003;45:140-145.
18. Schmitt NM, Schmitt J, Kouimintzis DJ, Kirch W. Health risks in tobacco farm workers-a review of the literature. J Public Health. 2007;15:255-264.
19. Trapé-Cardoso M, Bracker A, Dauser D, et al. Cotinine levels and green tobacco sickness among shade tobaccoworkers. J Agromedicine. 2005;10:27-37.
20. Bronisch T, Höfler M, Lieb R. Smoking predicts suicidality: Findings from a prospective community study. J Affect Disord. 2008;108:135-145.
21. Malone KM, Waternaux C, Haas GL, Cooper TB, LI S, Mann JJ. Cigarette smoking, suicidal behavior, and serotonin function in major psychiatric disorders. Am J Psychiatry. 2003;160:773-779.
22. Wiesbeck GA, Kuhl HC, Yaldizli O, Wurst FM. Tobacco smoking and depression-results from the WHO/ISBRA study. Neuropsychobiology. 2008;57:26-31.
23. Breslau N, Schultz LR, Johnson E, Peterson EL, Davis GC. Smoking and the risk of suicidal behavior: a prospective study of a community sample. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005;662:328-334.
24. Covey LS, Berlin I, Hu MC, Hakes JK. Smoking and suicidal behaviours in a sample of US adults with low mood: a retrospective analysis of longitudinal data. BMJ Open. 2012;2:e000876. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2012-000876.
25. D'Alessandro A, Benowitz NL, Muzi G, et al. Systemic nicotine exposure in tobacco harvesters. Arch Environ Health. 2001;56:257-263.
26. World Health Organization. Suicide rates per 100, 000 by country, year and sex (Table). World Health Organization: Mental Health; 2012. Available at: http//www.who.int/mental health/prevention/suicide/suicideprevent/en/. Accessed August 20, 2012.
27. Csillag C. Brazil's souring suicide rate revealed. Lancet. 1996;348:1651.
28. Meyer A, Koifman S, Koifman RJ, Moreira JC, Chrisman JR, Abreu-Villaca Y. Mood disorders hospitalizations, suicide attempts, and suicide mortality among agricultural workers and residents in an area with intensive use of pesticides in Brazil. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2010;73:866-877.
29. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Top production-tobacco, unmanufactured-2012. FAOSTAT: Food and Agriculture Commodities Production; 2013. Available at: http//faostat.fao.org/site/339/default.aspx. Accessed February 20. 2014.
30. IBGE (Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics). Alagoas. IBGE: States. 2009. Available at: http//www.ibge.gov.br/estadosat/perfil.php?sigla=al. Accessed August 20, 2012.
31. Inácio AF. Occupational and Environmental Exposure to Pesticides and Nicotine in Tobacco Culture of the Municipality of Arapiraca/AL] (Doctoral dissertation). Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca; 2011.
32. Brown VJ. Tobacco's profits, workers' loss? Environ Health Perspect. 2003;111:A284-A286.
33. DATASUS (Unified Health System Informatics Department). Mortality Information System. Ministry of Health; 2008. Available at: http//www2.datasus. gov. br/DATASUS/index.php?area=01. Accessed August 20, 2012.
34. Miettinen OS, Wang JD. An alternative to the proportionate mortality ratio. Am J Epidemiol. 1981;114:114-148.
35. Meyer A, Chrisman JR, Moreira JC, Koifman S. Cancer mortality among agricultural workers from Serrana region, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Environ Res. 2003;93:264-271.
36. Middleton N, Gunnell D, Frankel S, Whitley E, Dorling D. Urban-rural differences in suicide trends in young adults: England and Wales, 1981-1998. Soc Sci Med. 2003;57:1183-1194.
37. Levin KA, Leyland AH. Urban/rural inequalities in suicide in Scotland, 1981-1999. Soc Sci Med. 2005;60:2877-2890.
38. Jaga K, Dharmani C. The interrelation between organophosphate toxicity and the epidemiology of depression and suicide. Rev Environ Health. 2007;22:57-73.
39. Hofmann JN, Keifer MC, Furlong CE, et al. Serum cholinesterase inhibition in relation to paroxonase-1 (PON1) status among organophosphate-exposed agricultural pesticide handlers. Environ Health Perspect. 2009;117:1402-1408.
40. Pope CN. Organophosphorus pesticides: do they all have the samemechanism of toxicity? J Toxicol Environ Health B. 1999;2:161-181.
41. Aldridge JE, Meyer A, Seidler FJ, Thillai I, Slotkin TA. Serotonergic systems targeted by developmental exposure to chlorpyrifos: effects during different critical periods. Environ Health Perspect. 2003;111:1736-1743.
42. Aldridge JE, Meyer A, Seidler FJ, Slotkin TA. Alterations in CNS serotonergic and dopaminergic synaptic activity an adulthood after prenatal or neonatal chlorpyrifos exposure. Environ Health Perspect. 2005;113:1027-1031.
43. Slotkin TA, Tate CA, Ryde IT, Levin ED, Seidler FJ. Organophosphate insecticides target the serotenergic system in developing rat brain regions: disparate effects of diazinon and parathion at doses at doses spanning the threshold for cholinesterase inhibition. Environ Health Perspect. 2006;114:1542-1546.
44. Lima CS, Nunes-Freitas AL, Ribeiro-Carvalho A, et al. Exposure tomethamidophos at adulthood adversely affects serotonergic biomarkers in the mouse brain. Neurotoxicology. 2011;32:718-724.
45. Courtet P, Baud P, Abbar M, et al. Association between violent suicidal behavior and the low activity allele of the serotonin transporter gene. Molecular Psychiatry. 2001;6:338-341.
46. White KJ, Walline CC, Barker EL. Serotonin transporters: implications for antidepressant drug development. AAPS J. 2005;7:E421-E433.
47. Lima CS, Ribeiro-Carvalho A, Filgueiras CC, Manhães AC, Meyer A, Abreu-Villaça Y. Exposure to methamidophos at adulthood elicits depressive-like in mice. Neurotoxicology. 2009;30:471-478.
48. Quattrocki E, Baird A, Yurgelun-Todd D. Biological aspects of the link between smoking and depression. Harvard Rev Psychiatry. 2000;8:99-110.
49. AGROFIT (Pesticide Plant Health System). Consult Active Ingredient. Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply; 2003. Available at: http//agrofit.agricultura.gov. br/agrofit cons/principal agrofit cons. Accessed September 9, 2013.