Seagrass rehabilitation off metropolitan Adelaide: A case study of loss, action, failure and success

Ecological Management and Restoration

Volumn 15, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 168-179

  Tanner, Jason E ^a   Irving, Andrew D ^b   Fernandes, Milena ^c   Fotheringham, Doug ^d   Mcardle, Alicia ^e   Murray Jones, Sue ^e  

^a SOUTH AUSTRALIAN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE   (Australia)

^b CENTRAL QUEENSLAND UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^c AUSTRALIAN WATER QUALITY CENTRE   (Australia)

^d Water and Natural Resources ^*  (Australia)

^e Kangaroo Island Natural Resources Management Board   (Australia)

Author keywords

Community restoration; Eutrophication; Sand movement; Seagrass loss; Seagrass rehabilitation

Indexed keywords

BIODIVERSITY; COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS; EUTROPHICATION; METROPOLITAN AREA; MOVEMENT; RESTORATION ECOLOGY; SEAGRASS;

ADELAIDE; AUSTRALIA; SOUTH AUSTRALIA;

EID: 84925877581     PISSN: 14427001     EISSN: 14428903     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/emr.12133     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. Balestri E. and Lardicci C. (2012) Nursery-propagated plants from seed: a novel tool to improve the effectiveness and sustainability of seagrass restoration. Journal of Applied Ecology 49, 1426-1435.
2. Bloomfield A. L. and Gillanders B. M. (2005) Fish and invertebrate assemblages in seagrass, mangrove, saltmarsh, and nonvegetated habitats. Estuaries 28, 63-77.
3. De Boer W. F. (2007) Seagrass-sediment interactions, positive feedbacks and critical thresholds for occurrence: a review. Hydrobiologia 591, 5-24.
4. Bouma T. J., Friedrichs M., Klaassen P. et al. (2009) Effects of shoot stiffness, shoot size and current velocity on scouring sediment from around seedlings and propagules. Marine Ecology Progress Series 388, 293-297.
5. Bryars S. and Neverauskas V. (2004) Natural recolonisation of seagrasses at a disused sewage sludge outfall. Aquatic Botany 80, 283-289.
6. Bryars S. and Rowling K. (2009) Benthic habitats of eastern Gulf St Vincent: major changes in benthic cover and composition following European settlement of Adelaide. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 133, 318-338.
7. Bryars S., Neverauskas V. P., Brown P., Gilliland J., Gray L. and Halliday L. (2003) Degraded seagrass meadows and evidence of eutrophication in Western Cove, Kangaroo Island. Fish Habitat Program, Primary Industries and Resources, Adelaide.
8. Cameron J. (1999) Near shore seagrass change between 1989/90 and 1997/98 mapped using Landsat TM satellite imagery, Gulf St Vincent South Australia. Department for Environment, Heritage and Aboriginal Affairs, Adelaide.
9. Cameron J. H. (2008) Near-shore seagrass change between 2002 and 2007 mapped using digital aerial photography orthophotography: Metropolitan Adelaide Area Port Gawler - Marino, South Australia. Department for Environment and Heritage, Adelaide.
10. Clarke S. M. and Kirkman H. (1989) Seagrass dynamics. In: Biology of Seagrasses. (eds A. W. Larkum, A. J. McComb and S. A. Shepherd ) pp. 304-345. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
11. Coastal Engineering Solutions (2004) Coastal processes study of Adelaide's beaches. Prepared for the Department for Environment and Heritage Adelaide.
12. Connolly R. M. (1994) A comparison of fish assemblages from seagrass and unvegetated areas of a southern Australian estuary. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 45, 1033-1044.
13. Dobrovolskis A. F. (2014) Reproduction in seagrasses and its potential implications for seagrass rehabilitation in Gulf St Vincent (Honours thesis). School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, pp. 48.
14. Edgar G. J. (1990) The influence of plant structure on the species richness, biomass and secondary production of macrofaunal assemblages associated with Western Australian seagrass beds. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 137, 215-240.
15. Edgar G. J. (2001) Australian Marine Habitats in Temperate Waters. Reed New Holland, Sydney.
16. Edyvane K. S. (1997) Seagrass Loss in Nepean Bay: The Need for Integrated Catchment Management. SARDI Aquatic Sciences, Adelaide.
17. Erftemeijer P. L. A., van Beek J. K. L., Ochieng C. A., Jager Z. and Los H. J. (2008) Eelgrass seed dispersal via floating generative shoots in the Dutch Wadden Sea: a model approach. Marine Ecology Progress Series 358, 115-124.
18. Ferrell D. J. and Bell J. D. (1991) Differences among assemblages of fish associated with Zostera capricorni and bare sand over a large spatial scale. Marine Ecology Progress Series 72, 15-24.
19. Fotheringham D. (2002) Offshore sediment, bedforms and seabed stability along the Adelaide coast. In: Proceedings of the Seagrass Restoration Workshop for Gulf St. Vincent; 15-16 May 2001. (eds. S. Seddon and S. Murray-Jones ) Department of Environment and Heritage and SARDI Aquatic Sciences, Adelaide, pp. 45-67.
20. Fotheringham D. (2008) General background and patterns of loss. In: Proceedings of the second seagrass restoration workshop (ed. S. Murray-Jones ) Department for Environment and Heritage, Adelaide, pp. 7-15.
21. Fox D. R., Batley G. E., Blackburn D. et al. (2007) Adelaide coastal waters study, Volume 1, Summary of study findings, November 2007. Final report. CSIRO, Adelaide.
22. Hart D. (1997) Near-shore seagrass change between 1949 and 1995 mapped using digital aerial orthophotography. Southern Adelaide area Glenelg-Marino South Australia. Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Adelaide.
23. Hart D. (2013) Seagrass extent change 2001-13 - Adelaide coastal waters. Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources, Adelaide.
24. van der Heide T., van Nes E. H., Van Katwijk M. M., Olff H. and Smolders A. J. P. (2011) Positive feedbacks in seagrass ecosystems - evidence from large-scale empirical data. PLoS ONE 6, e16504.
25. Irving A. D., Tanner J. E., Seddon S. et al. (2010) Testing alternate ecological approaches to seagrass rehabilitation: links to life-history traits. Journal of Applied Ecology 47, 1119-1127.
26. Irving A. D., Connell S. D. and Russell B. D. (2011) Restoring coastal plants to improve global carbon storage: reaping what we sow. PLoS ONE 6, e18311.
27. Irving A. D., Tanner J. E. and Collings G. J. (2014) Rehabilitating seagrass by facilitating recruitment: improving chances for success. Restoration Ecology 22, 134-141.
28. Jaschinski S., Brepohl D. C. and Sommer U. (2011) Seasonal variation in carbon sources of mesograzers and small predators in an eelgrass community: stable isotope and fatty acid analyses. Marine Ecology Progress Series 431, 69-82.
29. Van Katwijk M. M., Bos A. R., De Jonge V. N., Hanssen L. S. A. M., Hermus D. C. R. and De Jong D. J. (2009) Guidelines for seagrass restoration: importance of habitat selection and donor population, spreading of risks, and ecosystem engineering effects. Marine Pollution Bulletin 58, 179-188.
30. Van Katwijk M. M., Bos A. R., Hermus D. C. R. and Suykerbuyk W. (2010) Sediment modification by seagrass beds: muddification and sandification induced by plant cover and environmental conditions. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 89, 175-181.
31. Kendrick G. A., Aylward M. J., Hegge B. J. et al. (2002) Changes in seagrass coverage in Cockburn Sound, Western Australia between 1967 and 1999. Aquatic Botany 73, 75-87.
32. Kendrick G. A., Waycott M., Carruthers T. J. B. et al. (2012) The central role of dispersal in the maintenance and persistence of seagrass populations. BioScience 62, 56-65.
33. Kuo J. and den Hartog C. (2006) Seagrass morphology, anatomy, and ultrastructure. In: Seagrasses: Biology, Ecology and Conservation. (eds A. W. D. Larkum, R. J. Orth and C. M. Duarte ) pp. 51-87. Springer, The Netherlands.
34. Marion S. R. and Orth R. J. (2010) Innovative techniques for large-scale seagrass restoration using Zostera marina (eelgrass) seeds. Restoration Ecology 18, 514-526.
35. Mateo M. A., Cebrian J., Dunton K. and Mutchler T. (2006) Carbon flux in seagrass ecosystems. In: Seagrasses: Biology, Ecology and Conservation. (eds A. W. D. Larkum, R. J. Orth and C. M. Duarte ) pp. 159-192. Springer, The Netherlands.
36. Murray-Jones S. (2008) Proceedings of the second seagrass restoration workshop. Adelaide. April 2008. Department for Environment and Heritage, Adelaide.
37. Murray-Jones S. (2013) Proceedings of the Third Seagrass Restoration Workshop. Adelaide. March 2013. Department for Environment, Water and Natural Resources, Adelaide, pp. 132.
38. Neverauskas V. P. (1987) Monitoring seagrass beds around a sewage sludge outfall in South Australia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 18, 158-164.
39. Orth R. J., Luckenbach M. and Moore K. A. (1994) Seed dispersal in a marine macrophyte: implications for colonization and restoration. Ecology 75, 1927-1939.
40. Orth R. J., Harwell M. C. and Inglis G. J. (2006) Ecology of seagrass seeds and seagrass dispersal processes. In: Seagrasses: Biology, Ecology and Conservation. (eds A. W. D. Larkum, R. J. Orth and C. M. Duarte ) pp. 111-133. Springer, The Netherlands.
41. Orth R. J., Moore K. A., Marion S. R., Wilcox D. J. and Parrish D. B. (2012) Seed addition facilitates eelgrass recovery in a coastal bay system. Marine Ecology Progress Series 448, 177-195.
42. Paling E. I., van Keulen M., Wheeler K. D., Phillips J. and Dyhrberg R. (2003) Influence of spacing on mechanically transplanted seagrass survival in a high wave energy regime. Restoration Ecology 11, 56-61.
43. Paling E. I., van Keulen M. and Tunbridge D. J. (2007) Seagrass transplanting in Cockburn Sound, Western Australia: a comparison of manual transplantation methodology using Posidonia sinuosa Cambridge et Kuo. Restoration Ecology 15, 240-249.
44. Rivers D. O., Kendrick G. A. and Walker D. I. (2011) Microsites play an important role for seedling survival in the seagrass Amphibolis antarctica. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 401, 29-35.
45. Seddon S. (2002) Issues for seagrass rehabilitation along the Adelaide metropolitan coast: an overview. In: Proceedings of the Seagrass Restoration Workshop for Gulf St. Vincent, 15-16 May 2001. (eds. S. Seddon and S. Murray-Jones ) Department of Environment and Heritage and SARDI Aquatic Sciences, Adelaide, pp. 1-8.
46. Seddon S. (2004) Going with the flow: facilitating seagrass rehabilitation. Ecological Management & Restoration 5, 167-176.
47. Seddon S. and Murray-Jones S. (2002) Proceedings of the seagrass restoration workshop for Gulf St Vincent 15-16 May 2001. Department for Environment and Heritage and South Australian Research and Development Institute, Adelaide.
48. Seddon S., Miller D., Venema S. and Tanner J. E. (2004) Seagrass Rehabilitation in Metropolitan Adelaide I. Transplantation from Donor Beds. SARDI Aquatic Sciences, Adelaide.
49. Seddon S., Wear R. J., Venema S. and Miller D. J. (2005) Seagrass Rehabilitation in Adelaide Metropolitan Coastal Waters II. Development of Donor Bed Independent Methods Using Posidonia Seedlings. SARDI Aquatic Sciences, Adelaide.
50. Sergeev V. N., Clarke S. M. and Shepherd S. A. (1988) Motile macroepifauna of the seagrasses, Amphibolis and Posidonia, and unvegetated sandy substrata in Holdfast Bay, South Australia. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 112, 97-108.
51. Shepherd S. A., McComb A. J., Bulthuis D. A., Neverauskas V. P., Steffensen D. A. and West R. (1989) Decline of seagrasses. In: Biology of Seagrasses. (eds A. W. Larkum, A. J. McComb and S. A. Shepherd ) pp. 346-393. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
52. Southgate R. (2005) The Health and Cover of Seagrass in the Bays of Eastern Kangaroo Island. Kangaroo Island Natural Resources Management Board, Kingscote.
53. Statton J. (2008) Seed-based restoration. In: Proceedings of the second seagrass restoration workshop (ed. S. Murray-Jones ) Department for Environment and Heritage, Adelaide, pp. 91-109.
54. Suykerbuyk W., Bouma T. J., Van Der Heide T. et al. (2012) Suppressing antagonistic bioengineering feedbacks doubles restoration success. Ecological Applications 22, 1224-1231.
55. Tanner J. E. (2014) Restoration of the seagrass Amphibolis antarctica - temporal variability and long-term successs. Estuaries and Coasts 13, doi: 10.1007/s12237-014-9823-4.
56. Tanner J. E. and McDonald B. (2014) Faunal and floral associations with seagrasses in Spencer Gulf. In: Natural history of Spencer Gulf. (eds S. A. Shepherd, S. M. Madigan, B. M. Gillanders, S. Murray-Jones and D. J. Wiltshire ) pp. 208-216. Royal Society of South Australia Inc., Adelaide.
57. Tanner C. E. and Parham T. (2010) Growing Zostera marina (eelgrass) from Seeds in land-based culture systems for use in restoration projects. Restoration Ecology 18, 527-537.
58. Terrados J., Marin A. and Celdran D. (2013) Use of Posidonia oceanica seedlings from beach-cast fruits for seagrass planting. Botanica Marina 56, 185-195.
59. Thomas R. I. and Clarke S. M. (2002) Sedimentology and morphology of Clastic Seagrass Beds in Holdfast Bay, South Australia: a locality of high wave energy for species of the Posidonia australis complex. In: Proceedings of the seagrass restoration workshop for Gulf St Vincent 15-16 May 2001. (eds S. Seddon and S. Murray-Jones ) Department for Environment and Heritage and SARDI Aquatic Sciences, pp. 183-204.
60. Valentine J. F. and Duffy J. E. (2006) The central role of grazing in seagrass ecology. In: Seagrasses: Biology, Ecology and Conservation. (eds A. W. D. Larkum, R. J. Orth and C. M. Duarte ) pp. 463-501. Springer, The Netherlands.
61. Verduin J. J., Seidlitz A., van Keulen M. and Paling E. I. (2013) Maximising establishment success of Amphibolis antarctica seedlings. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 449, 57-60.
62. Wear R. J., Tanner J. E. and Hoare S. L. (2010) Facilitating recruitment of Amphibolis as a novel approach to seagrass rehabilitation in hydrodynamically active waters. Marine and Freshwater Research 61, 1123-1133.
63. Westphalen G., Collings G., Wear R., Fernandes M., Bryars S. and Cheshire A. (2005) A review of seagrass loss on the Adelaide metropolitan coastline. South Australian Research and Development Institute (Aquatic Sciences) Publication No. RD04/0073, Adelaide.
64. Widdows J., Pope N. D., Brinsley M. D., Asmus H. and Asmus R. M. (2008) Effects of seagrass beds (Zostera noltii and Z. marina) on near-bed hydrodynamics and sediment resuspension. Marine Ecology Progress Series 358, 125-136.
65. Wilkinson J., White N., Smythe L. et al. (2005) Volumes of inputs, their concentrations and loads received by Adelaide metropolitan coastal waters. ACWS Technical Report No. 18 prepared for the Adelaide Coastal Waters Study Steering Committee, September 2005. Flinders Centre for Coastal and Catchment Environments, Flinders University of SA.
66. Zarranz M. E., Gonzalez-Henriquez N., Garcia-Jimenez P. and Robaina R. R. (2010) Restoration of Cymodocea nodosa seagrass meadows through seed propagation: germination in vitro, seedling culture and field transplants. Botanica Marina 53, 173-181.
67. Zijl F., Rego J. L., Groeneweg J., Dijkstra J. and Chatelain M. (2014) Adelaide receiving environment model. Draft Pilot Model Set-up and Evaluation Report. A report prepared for SA Water. Deltares, Delft, The Netherlands.