Triple cathode buffer layers composed of PCBM, C60, and LiF for high-performance planar perovskite solar cells

ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces

Volumn 7, Issue 11, 2015, Pages 6230-6237

  Liu, Xiaodong ^a   Yu, Hao ^a   Yan, Li ^a   Dong, Qingqing ^a   Wan, Qun ^a   Zhou, Yi ^a   Song, Bo ^a   Li, Yongfang ^a,b  

^a SOOCHOW UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b INSTITUTE OF CHEMISTRY   (China)

Author keywords

cathode buffer layers; CH3NH3PbI3 xClx; PCBM C60 LiF triple CBLs; planar perovskite solar cells; stability

Indexed keywords

BUFFER LAYERS; BUTYRIC ACID; CATHODES; CONVERGENCE OF NUMERICAL METHODS; EFFICIENCY; PEROVSKITE; PEROVSKITE SOLAR CELLS;

CATHODE BUFFER LAYERS; CH3NH3PBI3- XCLX; CHARGE COLLECTION; METHYL ESTERS; PCBM/C60/LIF TRIPLE CBLS; POWER CONVERSION EFFICIENCIES;

LITHIUM COMPOUNDS;

EID: 84925834258     PISSN: 19448244     EISSN: 19448252     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b00468     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Kojima, A.; Teshima, K.; Shirai, Y.; Miyasaka, T. Organometal Halide Perovskites as Visible-Light Sensitizers for Photovoltaic Cells J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 6050-6051
2. Snaith, H. J. Perovskites: The Emergence of a New Era for Low-Cost, High-Efficiency Solar Cells J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2013, 4, 3623-3630
3. 2 Heterojunction Solar Cells with Carbon Counter Electrode Sci. Rep. 2013, 3, 3132
4. Park, N.-G. Organometal Perovskite Light Absorbers toward a 20% Efficiency Low-Cost Solid-State Mesoscopic Solar Cell J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2013, 4, 2423-2429
5. Li, W.; Li, J.; Wang, L.; Niu, G.; Gao, R.; Qiu, Y. Post Modification of Perovskite Sensitized Solar Cells by Aluminum Oxide for Enhanced Performance J. Mater. Chem. A 2013, 1, 11735-11740
6. Rhee, J. H.; Chung, C.-C.; Diau, E. W.-G. A Perspective of Mesoscopic Solar Cells Based on Metal Chalcogenide Quantum Dots and Organometal-Halide Perovskites NPG Asia Mater. 2013, 5, e68
7. Stranks, S. D.; Eperon, G. E.; Grancini, G.; Menelaou, C.; Alcocer, M. J. P.; Leijtens, T.; Herz, L. M.; Petrozza, A.; Snaith, H. J. Electron-Hole Diffusion Lengths Exceeding 1 Micrometer in an Organometal Trihalide Perovskite Absorber Science 2013, 342, 341-344
8. 3 Science 2013, 342, 344-347
9. Liang, P. W.; Liao, C. Y.; Chueh, C. C.; Zuo, F.; Williams, S. T.; Xin, X. K.; Lin, J. J.; Jen, A. K. Y. Additive Enhanced Crystallization of Solution-Processed Perovskite for Highly Efficient Planar-Heterojunction Solar Cells Adv. Mater. 2014, 26, 3748-3754
10. Lotsch, B. V. New Light on an Old Story: Perovskites Go Solar Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2014, 53, 635-637
11. Seo, J.; Park, S.; Kim, Y. C.; Jeon, N. J.; Noh, J. H.; Yoon, S. C.; Sang, S. I. Benefits of Very Thin PCBM and LiF Layers for Solution-Processed p-i-n Perovskite Solar Cells Energy Environ. Sci. 2014, 7, 2642-2646
12. Lin, Q.; Armin, A.; Nagiri, R. C. R.; Burn, P. L.; Meredith, P. Electro-Optics of Perovskite Solar Cells Nat. Photonics 2015, 9, 106-112
13. 3: An Alternative Organolead Iodide Perovskite Sensitizer for Mesoscopic Solar Cells Chem. Mater. 2014, 26, 1485-1491
14. Chen, Q.; Zhou, H.; Hong, Z.; Luo, S.; Duan, H.-S.; Wang, H.-H.; Liu, Y.; Li, G.; Yang, Y. Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells via Vapor-Assisted Solution Process J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 136, 622-625
15. Jung, H. S.; Park, N.-G. Perovskite Solar Cells: From Materials to Devices Small 2015, 11, 10-25
16. Zhou, H. P.; Chen, Q.; Li, G.; Luo, S.; Song, T. B.; Duan, H. S.; Hong, Z. R.; You, J. B.; Liu, Y. S.; Yang, Y. Interface Engineering of Highly Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells Science 2014, 345, 542-546
17. Im, J.-H.; Lee, C.-R.; Lee, J.-W.; Park, S.-W.; Park, N.-G. 6.5% Efficient Perovskite Quantum-Dot-Sensitized Solar Cell Nanoscale 2011, 3, 4088-4093
18. Chung, I.; Lee, B.; He, J.; Chang, R. P. H.; Kanatzidis, M. G. All-Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells with High Efficiency Nature 2012, 485, 486-498
19. Kim, H.-S.; Lee, C.-R.; Im, J.-H.; Lee, K.-B.; Moehl, T.; Marchioro, A.; Moon, S.-J.; Humphry-Baker, R.; Yum, J.-H.; Moser, J. E.; Graetzel, M.; Park, N.-G. Lead Iodide Perovskite Sensitized All-Solid-State Submicron Thin Film Mesoscopic Solar Cell with Efficiency Exceeding 9% Sci. Rep. 2012, 2, 591
20. Lee, M. M.; Teuscher, J.; Miyasaka, T.; Murakami, T. N.; Snaith, H. J. Efficient Hybrid Solar Cells Based on Meso-Superstructured Organometal Halide Perovskites Science 2012, 338, 643-647
21. Burschka, J.; Pellet, N.; Moon, S.-J.; Humphry-Baker, R.; Gao, P.; Nazeeruddin, M. K.; Graetzel, M. Sequential Deposition as a Route to High-Performance Perovskite-Sensitized Solar Cells Nature 2013, 499, 316-320
22. Heo, J. H.; Im, S. H.; Noh, J. H.; Mandal, T. N.; Lim, C.-S.; Chang, J. A.; Lee, Y. H.; Kim, H.-j.; Sarkar, A.; Nazeeruddin, M. K.; Graetzel, M.; Seok, S. I. Efficient Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Heterojunction Solar Cells Containing Perovskite Compound and Polymeric Hole Conductors Nat. Photonics 2013, 7, 487-492
23. Hodes, G. Perovskite-Based Solar Cells Science 2013, 342, 317-318
24. Stoumpos, C. C.; Malliakas, C. D.; Kanatzidis, M. G. Semiconducting Tin and Lead Iodide Perovskites with Organic Cations: Phase Transitions, High Mobilities, and Near-Infrared Photoluminescent Properties Inorg. Chem. 2013, 52, 9019-9038
25. Edri, E.; Kirmayer, S.; Henning, A.; Mukhopadhyay, S.; Gartsman, K.; Rosenwaks, Y.; Hodes, G.; Cahen, D. Why Lead Methylammonium Tri-Iodide Perovskite-Based Solar Cells Require a Mesoporous Electron Transporting Scaffold (but Not Necessarily a Hole Conductor) Nano Lett. 2014, 14, 1000-1004
26. 3 Perovskite Solar Cells Nano Lett. 2014, 14, 888-893
27. Kwon, Y. S.; Lim, J.; Yun, H.-J.; Kim, Y.-H.; Park, T. A Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Containing Hole Transporting Conjugated Polymer for Use in Efficient Stable Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Solar Cells Based on a Perovskite Energy Environ. Sci. 2014, 7, 1454-1460
28. Mei, A.; Li, X.; Liu, L.; Ku, Z.; Liu, T.; Rong, Y.; Xu, M.; Hu, M.; Chen, J.; Yang, Y.; Grätzel, M.; Han, H. A Hole-Conductor-Free, Fully Printable Mesoscopic Perovskite Solar Cell with High Stability Science 2014, 345, 295-298
29. http://www.nrel.gov/ncpv/images/efficiency-chart.jpg.
30. Xiao, J. Y.; Shi, J. J.; Li, D. M.; Meng, Q. B. Perovskite Thin-Film Solar Cell: Excitation in Photovoltaic Science Sci. China Chem. 2015, 58, 221-238
31. 71BM Solar Cells with Enhanced Open-Circuit Voltage via a (2/1)-Step Spin-Coating Process J. Mater. Chem. A 2014, 2, 15897-15903
32. Eperon, G. E.; Burlakov, V. M.; Docampo, P.; Goriely, A.; Snaith, H. J. Morphological Control for High Performance, Solution-Processed Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells Adv. Funct. Mater. 2014, 24, 151-157
33. Zhang, H.; Azimi, H.; Hou, Y.; Ameri, T.; Przybilla, T.; Spiecker, E.; Kraft, M.; Scherf, U.; Brabec, C. J. Improved High-Efficiency Perovskite Planar Heterojunction Solar Cells via Incorporation of a Polyelectrolyte Interlayer Chem. Mater. 2014, 26, 5190-5193
34. Wang, F. Z.; Tan, Z. A.; Dai, S. Y.; Li, Y. F. Recent Advances in Planar Heterojunction Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells Acta Phys. Sin. 2015, 64, 038401
35. Li, Y. F.; Zou, Y. P. Conjugated Polymer Photovoltaic Materials with Broad Absorption Band and High Charge Carrier Mobility Adv. Mater. 2008, 20, 2952-2958
36. Thompson, B. C.; Frechet, J. M. J. Organic Photovoltaics: Polymer-Fullerene Composite Solar Cells Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 58-77
37. Krebs, F. C. Fabrication and Processing of Polymer Solar Cells: A Review of Printing and Coating Techniques Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 2009, 93, 394-412
38. Li, Y. F. Molecular Design of Photovoltaic Materials for Polymer Solar Cells: Toward Suitable Electronic Energy Levels and Broad Absorption Acc. Chem. Res. 2012, 45, 723-733
39. Heeger, A. J. 25th Anniversary Article: Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells: Understanding the Mechanism of Operation Adv. Mater. 2014, 26, 10-28
40. Liu, M.; Johnston, M. B.; Snaith, H. J. Efficient Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells by Vapour Deposition Nature 2013, 501, 395-398
41. 2 layer J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2014, 5, 2927-2934
42. 3 Perovskite/Fullerene Planar-Heterojunction Hybrid Solar Cells Adv. Mater. 2013, 25, 3727-3732
43. Wang, K.-C.; Jeng, J.-Y.; Shen, P.-S.; Chang, Y.-C.; Diau, E. W.-G.; Tsai, C.-H.; Chao, T.-Y.; Hsu, H.-C.; Lin, P.-Y.; Chen, P.; Guo, T.-F.; Wen, T.-C. p -Type Mesoscopic Nickel Oxide/Organometallic Perovskite Heterojunction Solar Cells Sci. Rep. 2014, 4, 4756
44. 2 for Highly Reproducible Planar-Structured Perovskite Solar Cells via Sequential Deposition Energy Environ. Sci. 2014, 7, 2934-2938
45. Xiao, M. D.; Huang, F. Z.; Huang, W. C.; Dkhissi, Y.; Zhu, Y.; Etheridge, J.; Gray-Weale, A.; Bach, U.; Cheng, Y. B.; Spiccia, L. A Fast Deposition-Crystallization Procedure for Highly Efficient Lead Iodide Perovskite Thin-Film Solar Cells Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2014, 53, 9898-9903
46. Shi, J.; Dong, J.; Lv, S.; Xu, Y.; Zhu, L.; Xiao, J.; Xu, X.; Wu, H.; Li, D.; Luo, Y.; Meng, Q. Hole-Conductor-Free Perovskite Organic Lead Iodide Heterojunction Thin-Film Solar Cells: High Efficiency and Junction Property Appl. Phys. Lett. 2014, 104, 063901
47. Min, J.; Zhang, Z.-G.; Hou, Y.; Ramirez Quiroz, C. O.; Przybilla, T.; Bronnbauer, C.; Guo, F.; Forberich, K.; Azimi, H.; Ameri, T.; Spiecker, E.; Li, Y.; Brabec, C. J. Interface Engineering of Perovskite Hybrid Solar Cells with Solution-Processed Perylene-Diimide Heterojunctions toward High Performance Chem. Mater. 2014, 27, 227-234
48. Brabec, C. J.; Shaheen, S. E.; Winder, C.; Sariciftci, N. S.; Denk, P. Effect of LiF/Metal Electrodes on the Performance of Plastic Solar Cells Appl. Phys. Lett. 2002, 80, 1288-1290
49. Sun, K.; Chang, J.; Isikgor, F. H.; Li, P.; Ouyang, J. Efficiency Enhancement of Planar Perovskite Solar Cells by Adding Zwitterion/LiF Double Interlayers for Electron Collection Nanoscale 2015, 7, 896-900
50. 60:LiF Blocking Layer for Environmentally Stable Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells Adv. Mater. 2010, 22, 5404-5408
51. 60/LiF as Cathode Buffer Layer Org. Electron. 2013, 14, 469-474
52. Yip, H. L.; Hau, S. K.; Baek, N. S.; Ma, H.; Jen, A. K. Y. Polymer Solar Cells That Use Self-Assembled-Monolayer-Modified ZnO/Metals as Cathodes Adv. Mater. 2008, 20, 2376-2382
53. Trevisan, R.; Döbbelin, M.; Boix, P. P.; Barea, E. M.; Tena-Zaera, R.; Mora-Seró, I.; Bisquert, J. PEDOT Nanotube Arrays as High Performing Counter Electrodes for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells. Study of the Interactions Among Electrolytes and Counter Electrodes Adv. Energy Mater. 2011, 1, 781-784
54. x Interlayer with Impedance Spectroscopy and Equivalent Circuit Analysis J. Phys. Chem. C 2012, 116, 16333-16337
55. Yan, L.; Song, Y.; Zhou, Y.; Song, B.; Li, Y. F. Effect of PEI Cathode Interlayer on Work Function and Interface Resistance of ITO Electrode in the Inverted Polymer Solar Cells Org. Electron. 2015, 17, 94-101