Reopening and developing mines in post-conflct settings: The challenge of company-community relations

High-Value Natural Resources and Post-Conflict Peacebuilding

Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages 104-137

  Boege, Volker ^a   Franks, Daniel M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84925816212     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9781849775786     Document Type: Chapter

References (110)

1. Andersen, L., B. Moeller, and F. Stepputat, eds. 2007. Fragile states and insecure people? Violence, security, and statehood in the twenty-first century. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
2. Anten, L. 2009. Strengthening governance in post-conflict fragile states. Clingendael Issues Paper. The Hague: Netherlands Institute of International Relations.
3. Bagwitz, D., R. Elges, H. Grossman, and G. Kruk. 2008. Private sector development in (post-)confiict situations: Guidebook. Eschborn, Germany: GTZ. www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/en-PSD-conflict-guidebook-2008.pdf.
4. Ball, P., P. Kobrak, and H.F. Spirer. 1999. State violence in Guatemala,1960-1996: A quantitative reflection. Washington, D.C.: American Association for the Advancement of Science.
5. Banks, G. 2008. Understanding “resource” conflicts in Papua New Guinea. Asia Pacific Viewpoint 49 (1): 23-34.
6. BCL (Bougainville Copper Limited). 2009. Chairman's annual general meeting address. February 20, Port Moresby.
7. BCC (Bougainville Constitutional Commission). 2004. Report of the Bougainville Constitutional Commission. Report on the third and final draft of the Bougainville Constitution, prepared by the Bougainville Constitutional Commission (BCC). Arawa and Buka.
8. Bebbington, A., L. Hinojosa, D. Humphreys-Bebbington, M.L. Burneo, and X. Warnaars. 2008. Contention and ambiguity: Mining and the possibilities of development. Development and Change 39 (6): 887-914.
9. Boege, V. 2006. Bougainville and the discovery of slowness: An unhurried approach to state-building in the Pacific. ACPACS Occasional Papers Series No. 3. Brisbane: Australian Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies.
10. Boege, V. 2008. A promising liaison: Kastom and state in Bougainville. ACPACS Occasional Papers Series No. 12. Brisbane: Australian Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies.
11. Boege, V., A. Brown, and K. Clements. 2009. Hybrid political orders, not fragile states. Peace Review 21 (1): 13-21.
12. Boege, V., A. Brown, K. Clements, and A. Nolan. 2008a. On hybrid political orders and emerging states: State formation in the context of “fragility.” Berghof Handbook Dialogue No. 8. Berlin: Berghof Research Center for Constructive Conflict Management.
13. Boege, V., A. Brown, K. Clements, and A. Nolan. 2008b. States emerging from hybrid political orders: Pacific experiences. ACPACS Occasional Paper No. 11. Brisbane: Australian Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies.
14. Boege, V., C. Fitzpatrick, W. Jaspers, and W.-C. Paes. 2006. Who's minding the store? The business of private, public and civil actors in zones of conflict. BICC Brief 32. Bonn: Bonn International Center for Conversion.
15. Brinkerhoff, D.W., ed. 2007. Governance in post-conflict societies: Rebuilding fragile states. London: Taylor and Francis.
16. Brown, M.J.F. 1974. A development consequence: Disposal of mining waste on Bougainville, Papua New Guinea. Geoforum 5 (2): 19-27.
17. Buur, L., and H.M. Kyed, eds. 2007. State recognition and democratization in sub-Saharan Africa: A new dawn for traditional authorities? New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
18. Call, C.T., ed. 2008. Building states to build peace. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.
19. CAO (Office of the Compliance Advisor/Ombudsman). 2005. Assessment of a complaint submitted to CAO in relation to the Marlin mining project in Guatemala. International Finance Corporation/Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency. September 7. www.cao-ombudsman.org/cases/document-links/documents/CAO-Marlin-assessment-English-7Sep05.pdf.
20. Carl, A., and L. Garasu, eds. 2002. Weaving consensus: The Papua New Guinea-Bougainville peace process. Accord 12 (2002).
21. CCHR (Centre for Civil and Human Rights). 2009. A human rights impact assessment of the Marlin Mine, San Miguel Ixtahuacan, Guatemala. http://law.nd.edu/center-for-civil-and-human-rights/independent-international-panel.
22. Chigas, D., and P. Woodrow. 2009. A distinction with a difference: Conflict sensitivity and peacebuilding. CDA Collaborative Learning Projects. www.cdainc.com/cdawww/pdf/article/RPP_Differentiating%20Conflict%20Sensitivity%20and%20Peacebuilding_20091026.pdf.
23. Colletta, N., and M. Cullen. 2000. Violent Conflict and the Transformation of Social Capital: Lessons from Cambodia, Rwanda, Guatemala and Somalia. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.
24. Commission for Historical Clarification. 1999. Guatemala memory of silence: Report of the Commission for Historical Clarification; Conclusions and recommendations. http://shr.aaas.org/guatemala/ceh/report/english/toc.html.
25. Connell, J. 1991. Compensation and conflict: The Bougainville copper mine, Papua New Guinea. In Mining and indigenous peoples in Australasia, ed.J. Connell and R. Howitt. Sydney: Sydney University Press.
26. Denoon, D. 2000. Getting under the skin: The Bougainville copper agreement and the creation of the Panguna mine. Carlton South, Victoria: Melbourne University Press.
27. Eccarius-Kelly, V. 2007. Deep and ragged scars in Guatemala. Peace Review 19 (1): 51-58.
28. Filer, C.S. 1990. The Bougainville rebellion, the mining industry and the process of social disintegration in Papua New Guinea. Canberra Anthropologist 13 (1): 1-40.
29. Filer, C.S. 1992. The escalation of disintegration and the reinvention of authority. In The Bougainville crisis. 1991 update, ed.M. Spriggs and D. Denoon. Bathurst, NSW, Australia: Crawford House Press.
30. Franks, D. 2007. Consuming landscapes: Towards a political ecology of resource appropriation. Ph.D. Diss., Griffith University, Brisbane.
31. Franks, D., C. Fidler, D. Brereton, F. Vanclay, and P. Clark. 2009. Leading practice strategies for addressing the social impacts of resource developments. Briefing paper prepared for the Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, Queensland Government. Centre for Social Responsibility in Mining. Sustainable Minerals Institute. University of Queensland. www.csrm.uq.edu.au/docs/Franks_etal_LeadingPracticeSocialImpacts_2009.pdf.
32. Frente de Defensa San Miguelense and Center for International Environmental Law. 2009. Specific instance complaint submitted to the Canadian National Contact Point pursuant to the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises concerning the operations of Goldcorp Inc. At the Marlin Mine in the indigenous community of San Miguel Ixtahuacan, Guatemala. December 9. Ottawa.
33. Fulmer, A., A. Godoy, and P. Neff. 2008. Indigenous rights, resistance, and the law: Lessons from a Guatemalan mine. Latin American Politics and Society 50 (4): 91-121.
34. Ghani, A., and C. Lockhart. 2008. Fixing failed states: A framework for rebuilding a fractured world. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
35. Howard, M.C. 1991. Mining, politics and development in the South Pacific. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
36. Howley, P. 2002. Breaking spears and mending hearts: Peacemakers and restorative justice in Bougainville. London: Zed Books.
37. HRIA Steering Committee (Human Rights Impact Assessment Steering Committee). 2009. Steering Committee update: Marlin mine. May. www.hria-guatemala.com/en/docs/Impact%20Assessment/Steering_Committee_Update_May_2009_05_27_09.pdf.
38. IFC (International Finance Corporation). 2005. IFC response to CAO assessment report: Complaint regarding Marlin mining project in Guatemala. October 14. www.cao-ombudsman.org/cases/document-links/documents/Marlin-Responsetofinalreport.pdf.
39. ILO (International Labour Organisation). 1989. Indigenous and tribal peoples convention, 1989. C169. www.ilo.org/ilolex/cgi-lex/convde.pl7C169.
40. International Alert. 2005. Conflict-sensitive business practice: Guidance for extractive industries. London: International Alert.
41. International Business Leaders Forum and International Finance Corporation. 2007. Guide to human rights impact assessment and management: Road-testing draft. London: International Business Leaders Forum; Washington, D.C.: International Finance Corporation.
42. Kemp, D. 2009. Community relations in the global mining industry: Exploring the internal dimensions of externally orientated work. Corporate Social Responsibiliy and Environmental Management 17:1-14.
43. Kemp, D., and N. Gotzmann. 2008. Community grievance mechanisms and Australian mining companies offshore: An industry discussion paper. Brisbane: CSRM/ConCord UQ.
44. Kyed, H.M., and L. Buur 2006. Recognition and democratisation: “New roles” for traditional leaders in sub-Saharan Africa. DIIS Working Paper No. 2006/11. Copenhagen: Danish Institute for International Studies.
45. Laplante, L.J., and S.A. Spears. 2008. Out of the conflict zone: The case for community consent processes in the extractive sector. Yale Human Rights and Development Law Journal 11:69-116.
46. Law, B. 2009. Canada goldmine worries grow. BBC News, March 30. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7968888.stm.
47. Lenzen, O., and M. d'Engelbronner. 2009. Human rights in business: Guide to corporate human rights impact assessment tools. Aim for Human Rights. January. www.aimforhu-manrights.org/fileadmin/user_upload/pdf/HRB_Guide_to_corporate_HRIA_2009-def.pdf.
48. Montana Exploradora de Guatemala, S.A. 2009. Environmental and social performance annual monitoring report (AMR). May. www.goldcorp.com/_resources/project_pdfs/marlin/Marlin_Mine_2008_AMR.pdf.
49. Nelson, J. 2006. Operating in insecure environments. Corporate Social Responsibility Initiative Working Paper No. 25. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University.
50. OECD/DAC (Organisation for Economic Co-operation/Development Assistance Committee). 2008. Concepts and dilemmas of state building in fragile situations: From fragility to resilience. OECD/DAC Discussion Paper. Paris: OECD.
51. Parliament of Australia. Joint Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade. 1999. Completed inquiry: Bougainville: The peace process and beyond. September 27. www.aph.gov.au/house/committee/jfadt/bougainville/BVrepindx.htm.
52. Quodling, P.W. 1991. Bougainville: The mine and the people. St. Leonards-Auckland, NSW, Australia: Centre for Independent Studies Ltd.
53. Regan, A.J. 2000. “Traditional” leaders and conflict resolution in Bougainville: Reforming the present by re-writing the past? In Reflections on violence in Melanesia, ed.S. Dinnen and A. Ley. Annandale, VA: Hawkins Press; Canberra: Asia Pacific Press.
54. Regan, A.J. 2002a. Bougainville: Beyond survival. Cultural Survival Quarterly 26 (3): 20-24.
55. Regan, A.J. 2002b: The Bougainville political settlement and the prospects for sustainable peace. Pacific Economic Bulletin 17 (1): 114-129.
56. Regan, A.J. 2003. The Bougainville conflict: Political and economic agendas. In The political economy of armed conflict: Beyond greed and grievance, ed.K. Ballentine and J. Sherman. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.
57. Regan, A.J., and H.M. Griffin, eds. 2005. Bougainville before the conflict. Canberra: Pandanus Books.
58. Rights Action. 2008. Canada's role in supporting the harmful activities of Goldcorp Inc. (previously, Glamis Gold Inc.) in San Marcos, Guatemala. Sign on letter-report to Canadian government about Goldcorp's mining in Guatemala addressed to the Canadian Ambassador to Guatemala. November 21. www.rightsaction.org/urgent_com/Canada_Goldcorp_Guate_111208.html.
59. Ruggie, J. 2008. Protect, respect and remedy: A framework for business and human rights. Report of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on the issue of human rights and transnational corporations and other business enterprises. A/HRC/8/5. United Nations Human Rights Council. April 7.
60. Schenck, J. 2006. Letter to Amar Inamdar, Senior Ombudsman, Office of the Compliance Advisor/Ombudsman. May 22. www.goldcorp.com/_resources/project_pdfs/marlin/glamisresponsecao52606.pdf.
61. Schetter, C. 2007. Talibanistan: Der Anti-Staat. Internationales Asienforum 38 (3-4): 233-257.
62. Schlichte, K. 2005. Der Staat in der Weltgesellschaft: Politische Herrschaft in Asien, Afrika und Lateinamerika. Frankfurt: Campus.
63. Schlichte, K., and B. Wilke. 2000. Der Staat und einige seiner Zeitgenossen: Zur Zukunft des Regierens in der “Dritten Welt.” Zeitschrift fuer Internationale Beziehungen 7 (2): 359-384.
64. Switzer, J. 2001. Discussion paper for the July 11 2001 experts workshop on armed conflict and natural resources: The case of the mineral sector. www.iisd.org/pdf/2002/envsec_mining_conflict.pdf.
65. UN (United Nations). 2008. United Nations declaration on the rights of indigenous peoples. March. www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/DRIPS_en.pdf.
66. Vernon, D. 2005. The Panguna mine. In Bougainville before the conflict, ed.A.J. Regan and H.M. Griffin. Canberra: Pandanus Books.
67. Von Trotha, T. 2000. Die Zukunft liegt in Afrika: Vom Zerfall des Staates, von der Vorherrschaft der konzentrischen Ordnung und vom Aufstieg der Parastaatlichkeit. Leviathan 28:253-279.
68. Von Trotha, T. 2005. Der Aufstieg des Lokalen. Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte 28-29 (2005): 32-38.
69. Wesley-Smith, T.A. 1988: Melanesians and modes of production: Underdevelopment in Papua New Guinea with particular reference to the role of mining capital. Ph.D. Diss., University of Hawaii.
70. Wesley-Smith, T.A., and E. Ogan. 1992. Copper, class, and crisis: Changing relations of production in Bougainville. Contemporary Pacific 4 (2): 245-267.
71. Wolfers, E.P. 2006. Bougainville autonomy: Implications for governance and decentral-isation. Public Policy in Papua New Guinea Discussion Paper Series No. 5. Canberra: Australian National University-State, Society and Governance in Melanesia.
72. Woodward, S.L. 2006. Institutionally fragile states: Fragile states, prevention and post conflict-Recommendations. Madrid: Fundacion para las Relaciones Internacionales y el Dialogo Exterior.
73. World Bank. 2004. Striking a better balance: Final report of the Extractive Industries Review. Vol. 1. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.
74. Zandvliet, L. 2004. Redefining corporate social risk mitigation strategies. Social Development Notes: Conflict Prevention and Reconstruction No. 16. February. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTCPR/214578-1111751313696/20480291/CPRNote16CEP.pdf.
75. Anderson, M.B. 2003. Developing best practice for corporate engagement in conflict zones: Lessons learned from experience. In Public bads: Economic dimensions of conflict. Development Policy Forum Summary Report. Berlin: INWENT.
76. Anderson, M.B., and L. Zandvliet. 2001. Corporate options for breaking cycles of conflict. Cambridge, MA: Collaborative for Development Action.
77. Bais, K., and M. Huijser. 2005. The profit of peace: Corporate responsibility in conflict regions. Sheffield, UK: Greenleaf Publishing.
78. Ballard, C., and G. Banks. 2003. Resource wars: The anthropology of mining. Annual Review of Anthropology 32:287-313.
79. Banfield, J., V. Haufler, and D. Lilly. 2003. Transnational corporations in conflict-prone zones: Public policy responses and a framework for action. London: International Alert.
80. Boege, V. 1998. Bergbau-Umweltzerstoerung-Gewalt. Der Krieg auf Bougainville im Kontext der Geschichte oekologisch induzierter Modernisierungskonflikte. Hamburg: LIT Verlag.
81. Boege, V. 2004. Muschelgeld und Blutdiamanten: Traditionale Konfliktbearbeitung in zeitgenoessischen Gewaltkonflikten. Schriften des Deutschen Uebersee-Instituts 63.
82. Castan Centre for Human Rights Law, Monash University. 2008. Human rights translated: A business reference guide, http://human-rights.unglobalcompact.org/doc/human_rights_translated.pdf.
83. Conca, K., and G.D. Dabelko, eds. 2002. Environmental peacemaking. Washington, D.C.: Woodrow Wilson Center Press; Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
84. Confederation of Norwegian Business and Industry and Peace Research Institute Oslo. 2003. Corporate actors in zones of conflict: Responsible engagement. Oslo: PRIO.
85. Corporate Engagement Project. 2002a. Working in a changing world: A new approach to risk mitigation in zones of conflict. Cambridge, MA: Collaborative for Development Action.
86. Corporate Engagement Project. 2002b. Corporate options for constructive engagement in conflict zones: Executive summary. Cambridge, MA: Collaborative for Development Action.
87. Dauderstaedt, M., and A. Schildberg, eds. 2006. Dead ends of transition: Rentier economies and protectorates. Frankfurt: Campus Verlag.
88. ERM (Environmental Resources Management). 2008. Community development and local conflict: A resource document for practitioners in the extractive sector. http://commdev.org/content/document/detail/1801/.
89. EIR (Extractive Industries Review). 2003. Striking a better balance: The extractive industries review. Final report. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.
90. Feil, M., and J. Switzer. 2004. Valuable minerals and conflict: Toolkit for practitioners. Berlin: Adelphi Research.
91. Franks, D. 2009. Avoiding mine-community conflict: From dialogue to shared futures. In Proceedings of the First International Seminar on Environmental Issues in the Mining Industry, ed.J. Wiertz and C.J. Moran. Santiago: Gecamin/Sustainable Minerals Institute.
92. Giordano, M.F., and M.A. Giordano. 2005. International resource conflict and mitigation. Journal of Peace Research 42 (1): 47-65.
93. Humphreys, M., J.D. Sachs, and J.E. Stiglitz, eds. 2007. Escaping the resource curse. New York: Columbia University Press.
94. Le Billon, P. 2008. Resources for peace? Managing revenues from extractive industries in post-conflict environments. Public Finance in Post-Conflict Environments Policy Paper Series. New York: Center on International Cooperation and Political Economy Research Institute.
95. Nelson, J. 2000. The business of peace: The private sector as a partner in conflictpreven-tion and resolution. London: International Alert, Council on Economic Priorities, and Prince of Wales Business Leaders Forum.
96. OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). 2006. OECD risk awareness tool for multinational enterprises in weak governance zones. Paris.
97. OECD/DAC (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development/Development Assistance Committee). 2005. Land and violent conflict. Paris: OECD.
98. Render, J.M. 2009. Mining and indigenous peoples issues review. London: International Council on Mining and Metals.
99. Schlichte, K. 2005. The dynamics of states: The formation and crises of state domination. Burlington, VT: Ashgate Publishing Group.
100. Schlichte, K. 2007. Administering Babylon: On the crooked ways of state building and state formation. Politorbis: Zeitschrift fuer Aussenpolitik 42:34-39.
101. Schure, J. 2007. Governing the gift of nature: Resource conflict monitor-The links between governance, conflict and natural resources. BICC Concept Paper. Bonn: Bonn International Center for Conversion.
102. Seck, S.L. 2008. Home state responsibility and local communities: The case of global mining. Yale Human Rights and Development Law Journal 11:177-206.
103. Sherman, J. 2002. Options for promoting corporate responsibility in conflict zones: Perspectives from the private sector. New York: International Peace Academy.
104. Sillitoe, P. 2000. Social change in Melanesia: Development and history. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
105. Smith, G.A. 2008. An introduction to corporate social responsibility in the extractive industries. Yale Human Rights and Development Law Journal 11:1-7.
106. Smith, L.T. 1999. Decolonizing methodologies: Research and indigenous peoples. London: Zed Books.
107. Switzer, J., and H. Ward. 2004. Enabling corporate investment in peace: An assessment of voluntary initiatives addressing business and violent conflict, and a framework for policy decision-making. IISD/IIED Discussion Paper. London: Chatelaine.
108. UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme). 2004. Understanding environment, conflict, and cooperation. Nairobi.
109. Wenger, A., and D. Moeckli. 2003. Conflict prevention: The untapped potential of the business sector. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.
110. Zandvliet, L. 2005. Opportunities for synergy: Conflict transformation and the corporate agenda. Berlin: Berghof Forschungszentrum fuer konstruktive Konfliktbearbeitung.