Playing a crusader role or just playing by the rules? Role conceptions and role inconsistencies among environmental journalists

Journalism

Volumn 15, Issue 7, 2014, Pages 889-907

  Tandoc, Edson C ^a   Takahashi, Bruno ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI   (United States)

^b MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Environmental journalists; Journalists; Organizational role; Role conception; Role inconsistency

Indexed keywords

EID: 84925722734     PISSN: 14648849     EISSN: 17413001     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1464884913501836     Document Type: Review

References (53)

1. Beam RA (1990) Journalistic professionalism as an organizational-level concept. Journalism Monographs 24: 1-43.
2. Boykoff MT and Boykoff JM (2004) Balance as bias: Global warming and the US prestige press. Global Environmental Change Part A 14: 125-136.
3. Brewer MB (1979) In-group bias in the minimal intergroup situation: A cognitive-motivational analysis. Psychological Bulletin 86: 307-324.
4. Brill AM (2001) Online journalists embrace new marketing function. Newspaper Research Journal 22: 28-40.
5. Brown R (2000) Social identity theory: Past achievements, current problems and future challenges. European Journal of Social Psychology 30: 745-778.
6. Cassidy WP (2006) Gatekeeping similar for online, print journalists. Newspaper Research Journal 27: 6-23.
7. Charng H-W, Piliavin JA and Callero PL (1988) Role identity and reasoned action in the prediction of repeated behavior. Social Psychology Quarterly 51: 303-317.
8. Christians C, Glasser T McQuail D, et al. (2009) Normative Theories of the Media: Journalism in Democratic Societies. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
9. Compton JR and Benedetti P (2010) Labour, new media and the institutional restructuring of journalism. Journalism Studies 11: 487-499.
10. Detjen J, Fico F Li X, et al. (2000) Changing work environment of environmental reporters. Newspaper Research Journal 21: 2-12.
11. Donsbach W (2004) Psychology of news decisions: Factors behind journalists' professional behavior. Journalism 5(2): 131-157.
12. Donsbach W (2008) Journalists' role perceptions. In: Donsbach W (ed.) The International Encyclopedia of Communication. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2605-2610.
13. Fahy D and Nisbet MC (2011) The science journalist online: Shifting roles and emerging practices. Journalism 12(7): 778-793.
14. Field A (2009) Discovering Statistics Using SPSS. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
15. Filak VF (2004) Cultural convergence: Intergroup bias among journalists and its impact on convergence. Atlantic Journal of Communication 12: 216-232.
16. Franklin B (2008) The future of newspapers. Journalism Practice 2: 306-317.
17. Giannoulis C, Botetzagias I and Skanavis C (2010) Newspaper reporters' priorities and beliefs about environmental journalism: An application of Q-methodology. Science Communication 32: 425-466.
18. Hanitzsch T (2011) Populist disseminators, detached watchdogs, critical change agents and opportunist facilitators. International Communication Gazette 73: 477-494.
19. Hanitzsch T and Hanusch F (2012) Does gender determine journalists' professional views? A reassessment based on cross-national evidence. European Journal of Communication 27: 257-277.
20. Hansen A (1994) Journalistic practices and science reporting in the British press. Public Understanding of Science 3: 111-134.
21. Hayes A, Singer J and Ceppos J (2007) Shifting roles, enduring values: The credible journalist in a digital age. Journal of Mass Media Ethics 22: 262-279.
22. Hogg MA, Terry DJ and White KM (1995) A tale of two theories: A critical comparison of identity theory with social identity theory. Social Psychology Quarterly 58: 255-269.
23. Janowitz M (1975) Professional models in journalism: the gatekeeper and the advocate. Journalism Quarterly 52: 618-662.
24. Johnstone J, Slawski E and Bowman W (1976) The News People: A Sociological Portrait of American Journalists and their Work. Chicago: University of Illinois Press.
25. McCluskey M (2008) Reporter beat and content differences in environmental stories. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 85: 83-98.
26. McCluskey M and Kim YM (2012) Moderatism or polarization? Representation of advocacygroups' ideology in newspapers. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 89: 565-584.
27. Mertler C and Vannatta R (2010) Advanced and Multivariate Statistical Methods. Glendale, CA: Pyrczak.
28. Meyen M and Riesmeyer C (2011) Service providers, sentinels, and traders. Journalism Studies 13: 386-401.
29. Palen JA (1999) Objectivity as independence. Science Communication 21: 156-171.
30. Reese SD and Ballinger J (2001) The roots of a sociology of news: Remembering Mr. Gates and social control in the newsroom. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 78: 641-658.
31. Sachsman DB, Simon J and Valenti JM (2005) Wrestling with objectivity and fairness: U.S. environment reporters and the business community. Applied Environmental Education & Communication 4: 363-373.
32. Sachsman DB, Simon J and Valenti JM (2010) Environment Reporters in the 21st Century. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.
33. Schultz T (2002) Does education matter? Characteristics of journalists who went to graduate school. Journalism 3(2): 223-238.
34. Shoemaker PJ and Reese SD (1996) Mediating the Message: Theories of Influences on Mass Media Content. White Plains, NY: Longman.
35. Shoemaker PJ and Vos TP (2009) Gatekeeping Theory. New York: Routledge.
36. Sigelman L (1973) Reporting the news: An organizational analysis. American Journal of Sociology 79: 132-151.
37. Singer JB (2004) More than ink-stained wretches: The resocialization of print journalists in converged newsrooms. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 81: 838-856.
38. Skovsgaard M, Albæk E Bro P, et al. (2013) A reality check: How journalists' role perceptions impact their implementation of the objectivity norm. Journalism 14(1): 22-42.
39. Stocking SH and Holstein LW (2009) Manufacturing doubt: Journalists' roles and the construction of ignorance in a scientific controversy. Public Understanding of Science 18: 23-42.
40. Straubhaar J, LaRose R and Davenport L (2011) Media Now: Understanding Media, Culture, and Technology. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
41. Sundblad E-L, Biel A and Garling T (2009) Knowledge and confidence in knowledge about climate change among experts, journalists, politicians, and laypersons. Environment and Behavior 41: 281-302.
42. Tajfel H (1974) Social identity and intergroup behaviour. Social Science Information 13(2): 65-93.
43. Tajfel H and Turner J (1986) The social identity theory of intergroup behavior. In: Worchel S and Austin W (eds) Psychology of Intergroup Relations. Chicago, IL: Nelson-Hall, 7-24.
44. Tandoc E, Hellmueller L and Vos TP (2012) Mind the gap: Between role conceptions and role enactments. Journalism Practice. DOI: 10.1080/17512786.2012.726503
45. Thoits PA (1991) On merging identity theory and stress research. Social Psychology Quarterly 54: 101-112.
46. Van Dalen A, De Vreese CH and Albæk E (2012) Different roles, different content? A four-country comparison of the role conceptions and reporting style of political journalists. Journalism 13(7): 903-922.
47. Waisbord S (2000) Watchdog Journalism in South America. New York: Columbia University Press.
48. Waisbord S (2008) Advocacy journalism in a global context. In: Wahl-Jorgensen K and Hanitsch T (eds) The Handbook of Journalism Studies. New York: Routledge, 371-385.
49. Weaver DH (2009) Journalism research: Past trends and new directions. In: Holtz-Bacha C, Reus G and Becker LB (eds) Wissenschaft mit Wirkung. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 303-316.
50. Weaver DH and Wilhoit GC (1986) The American Journalist. A Portrait of US News People and their Work. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
51. Weaver DH and Wilhoit GC (1996) The American Journalist in the 1990s: U.S. News People at the End of an Era. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
52. Weaver DH, Beam RA, Brownlee BJ, et al. (2007) The American Journalist in the 21st Century. U.S. News People at the Dawn of a New Millennium. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
53. Wilson KM (2000) Drought, debate, and uncertainty: Measuring reporters' knowledge and ignorance about climate change. Public Understanding of Science 9: 1-13.