Diverting ileostomy in colorectal surgery: when is it necessary?

Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery

Volumn 400, Issue 2, 2015, Pages 145-152

  Hanna, Mark H ^a   Vinci, Alessio ^a   Pigazzi, Alessio ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Anastomotic leak; Colorectal surgery; Fecal diversion; Loop ileostomy; Stoma

Indexed keywords

ANASTOMOSIS; ANASTOMOSIS LEAKAGE; CLINICAL EVALUATION; COLORECTAL SURGERY; CONVALESCENCE; COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS; EDUCATION PROGRAM; FECAL DIVERSION; GASTROENTEROLOGICAL PROCEDURE; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HUMAN; ILEOSTOMY; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; LOW RISK PATIENT; MALNUTRITION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUALITY OF LIFE; REOPERATION; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK BENEFIT ANALYSIS; RISK FACTOR; SOCIAL ASPECT; STOMA; SURGICAL MORTALITY; SURGICAL RISK; ADVERSE EFFECTS; ANASTOMOTIC LEAK; CLINICAL DECISION MAKING; COHORT ANALYSIS; COLON RESECTION; COLORECTAL NEOPLASMS; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; FEMALE; INCIDENCE; MALE; MORTALITY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PROCEDURES; PROGNOSIS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; SURGICAL WOUND INFECTION; SURVIVAL RATE; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

ANASTOMOSIS, SURGICAL; ANASTOMOTIC LEAK; CLINICAL DECISION-MAKING; COHORT STUDIES; COLECTOMY; COLORECTAL NEOPLASMS; EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE; FEMALE; HUMANS; ILEOSTOMY; INCIDENCE; MALE; PROGNOSIS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS AS TOPIC; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RISK ASSESSMENT; SURGICAL WOUND INFECTION; SURVIVAL RATE; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 84925537597     PISSN: 14352443     EISSN: 14352451     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00423-015-1275-1     Document Type: Review

References (84)

1. Rondelli F et al (2012) Is laparoscopic right colectomy more effective than open resection? A meta-analysis of randomized and nonrandomized studies. Color Dis 14(8):e447–e469
2. Karanjia ND, Corder AP, Holdsworth PJ et al (1991) Risk of peritonitis and fatal septicemia and the need to defunction the low anastomosis. Br J Surg 78:196–198
3. Hallbook O, Sjodahl R (1996) Anastomotic leakage and functional outcome after anterior resection of the rectum. Br J Surg 83:60–62
4. Marusch F, Koch A, Schmidt U et al (2002) Value of a protective stoma in low anterior resections for rectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum 45:1164–1171
5. Mowschenson PM, Critchlow JF, Peppercorn MA (2000) Ileoanal pouch operation. Long-term outcome with or without diverting ileostomy. Arch Surg 135:463–466
6. Machado M, Hallbook O, Goldman S et al (2002) Defunctioning stoma in low anterior resection with colonic pouch for rectal cancer: a comparison between two hospitals with a different policy. Dis Colon Rectum 45:940–945
7. Wong NY, Eu KW (2005) A defunctioning ileostomy does not prevent clinical anastomotic leak after a low anterior resection: a prospective, comparative study. Dis Colon Rectum 48:2076–2079
8. Ikeuchi H, Nakano H, Uchino M et al (2005) Safety of one stage restorative proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis. Dis Colon Rectum 48:1550–1555
9. Remzi FH, Fazio VW, Gorgun E et al (2006) The outcome after restorative proctocolectomy with or without defunctioning ileostomy. Dis Colon Rectum 49:470–477
10. Paun BC, Cassie S, MacLean AR, Dixon E, Buie WD (2010) Postoperative complications following surgery for rectal cancer. Ann Surg 251(5):807–818
11. Bruce J, Krukowski ZH, Al-Khairy G, Russell EM, Park KG (2001) Systematic review of the definition and measurement of anastomotic leak after gastrointestinal surgery. Br J Surg 88(9):1157–1168
12. Rahbari NN, Weitz J, Hohenberger W et al (2010) Definition and grading of anastomotic leakage following anterior resection of the rectum: a proposal by the International Study Group of Rectal Cancer. Surgery 147(3):339–351
13. Pakkastie TE, Luukkonen PE, Jarvinen HJ (1994) Anastomotic leakage after anterior resection of the rectum. Eur J Surg 160:293–297, discussion 299–300
14. Fielding LP, Stewart-Brown S, Blesovsky L et al (1980) Anastomotic integrity after operations for large-bowel cancer: a multicentre study. Br Med J 281:411–414
15. Morgenstern L, Yamakawa T, Ben-Shoshan M et al (1972) Anastomotic leakage after low colonic anastomosis. Clinical and experimental aspects. Am J Surg 123:104–109
16. Huser N et al (2008) Systematic review and meta-analysis of the role of defunctioning stoma in low rectal cancer surgery. Ann Surg 248(1):52–60
17. Montedori A, Cirocchi R, Farinella E, Sciannameo F, Abraha I (2010) Covering ileo- or colostomy in anterior resection for rectal carcinoma. Cochrane Database of Syst Rev (5). Art. No.: CD006878. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006878.pub2
18. Schwandner O, Schiedeck T, Bruch H (1998) Stoma creation for fecal diversion: is the laparoscopic technique appropriate? Int J Color Dis 13(5–6):251–255
19. Swain B, Ellis N (2002) Laparoscopic-assisted loop ileostomy an acceptable option for temporary fecal diversion after anorectal surgery. Dis Colon Rectum 45(5):705–707
20. Kang CY et al (2013) Risk factors for anastomotic leakage after anterior resection for rectal cancer. JAMA Surg 148(1):65–71
21. Ondrula DP, Nelson RL, Prasad ML, Coyle BW, Abcarian H (1992) Multifactorial index of preoperative risk factors in colon resections. Dis Colon Rectum 35(2):117–122
22. Nisar PJ, Lavery IC, Kiran RP (2012) Influence of neoadjuvant radiotherapy on anastomotic leak after restorative resection for rectal cancer. J Gastrointest Surg 16(9):1750–1757
23. Sebag-Montefiore D, Stephens RJ, Steele R et al (2009) Preoperative radiotherapy versus selective postoperative chemoradiotherapy in patients with rectal cancer (MRC CR07 and NCIC-CTG C016): a multicentre, randomised trial. Lancet 373(9666):811–820
24. Bertelsen CA, Andreasen AH, Jorgensen T, Harling H (2010) Anastomotic leakage after anterior resection for rectal cancer: risk factors. Color Dis 12(1):37–43
25. Rullier E, Laurent C, Garrelon JL et al (1998) Risk factors for anastomotic leakage after resection of rectal cancer. Br J Surg 85:355–358
26. Beard JD, Nicholson ML, Sayers RD, Lloyd D, Everson NW (1990) Intraoperative air testing of colorectal anastomoses: a prospective, randomized trial. Br J Surg 77:1095–1097
27. Ivanov D, Cvijanovic R, Gvozdenovic L (2011) Intraoperative air testing of colorectal anastomoses. Srp Arh Celok Lek 139:333–338
28. Sakanoue Y, Nakao K, Shoji Y, Yanagi H, Kusunoki M, Utsunomiya J (1993) Intraoperative colonoscopy. Surg Endosc 7:84–87
29. Schmidt O, Merkel S, Hohenberger W (2003) Anastomotic leakage after low rectal stapler anastomosis: significance of intraoperative anastomotic testing. Eur J Surg Oncol 29:239–243
30. Lanthaler M, Biebl M, Mittermair R, Ofner D, Nehoda H (2008) Intraoperative colonoscopy for anastomosis assessment in laparoscopically assisted left-sided colon resection: is it worthwhile? J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 18:27–31
31. Lieto E, Orditura M, Castellano P, Pinto M, Zamboli A, De Vita F, Pignatelli C, Galizia G (2011) Endoscopic intraoperative anastomotic testing may avoid early gastrointestinal anastomotic complications: a prospective study. J Gastrointest Surg 15:145–152
32. Shamiyeh A, Szabo K, Ulf Wayand W, Zehetner J (2012) Intraoperative endoscopy for the assessment of circular-stapled anastomosis in laparoscopic colon surgery. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 22:65–67
33. Parmeggiani F, De Angelis N, Carra MC, Bizzarri B, Fornaroli F, Gnocchi A, Madia C, Nervi G, Valle RD, DeAngelis GL (2012) Intraoperative colonoscopy control for colorectal-anastomotic leakage: a new solution for an old problem a pilot study. Gastrointest Endosc 75:AB178
34. Kudszus S, Roesel C, Schachtrupp A, Höer JJ (2010) Intraoperative laser fluorescence angiography in colorectal surgery: a noninvasive analysis to reduce the rate of anastomotic leakage. Langenbecks Arch Surg 395:1025–1030
35. Bell SW, Walker KG, Rickard MJ et al (2003) Anastomotic leakage after curative anterior resection results in a higher prevalence of local recurrence. Br J Surg 90(10):1261–1266
36. Katoh H, Yamashita K, Wang G, Sato T, Nakamura T, Watanabe M (2011) Anastomotic leakage contributes to the risk for systemic recurrence in stage II colorectal cancer. J Gastrointest Surg 15(1):120–129
37. Mirnezami A, Mirnezami R, Chandrakumaran K, Sasapu K, Sagar P, Finan P (2011) Increased local recurrence and reduced survival from colorectal cancer following anastomotic leak: systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Surg 253(5):890–899
38. Dehni N, Schlegel RD, Cunningham C et al (1998) Influence of a defunctioning stoma on leakage rates after low colorectal anastomosis and colonic J pouch-anal anastomosis. Br J Surg 85:1114–1117
39. Law WI, Chu KW, Ho JW et al (2000) Risk factors for anastomotic leakage after low anterior resection with total mesorectal excision. Am J Surg 179:92–96
40. Karanjia ND, Corder AP, Bearn P et al (1994) Leakage from stapled low anastomosis after total mesorectal excision for carcinoma of the rectum. Br J Surg 81:1224–1226
41. Mealy K, Burke P, Hyland J (1992) Anterior resection without a defunctioning colostomy: questions of safety. Br J Surg 79:305–307
42. Antonsen HK, Kronborg O (1987) Early complications after low anterior resection for rectal cancer using the EEA stapling device. A prospective trial. Dis Colon Rectum 30:579–583
43. Matthiessen P, Hallbook O, Andersson M et al (2004) Risk factors for anastomotic leakage after anterior resection of the rectum. Color Dis 6:462–469
44. Gastinger I, Marusch F, Steinert R et al (2005) Protective defunctioning stoma in low anterior resection for rectal carcinoma. Br J Surg 92:1137–1142
45. Leester B, Asztalos I, Polnyib C (2002) Septic complications after low anterior rectal resection–is diverting stoma still justified? Acta Chir Iugosl 49:67–71
46. Fielding LP, Stewart-Brown S, Hittinger R et al (1984) Covering stoma for elective anterior resection of the rectum: an outmoded operation? Am J Surg 147:524–530
47. Enker WE, Merchant N, Cohen AM et al (1999) Safety and efficacy of low anterior resection for rectal cancer: 681 consecutive cases from a specialty service. Ann Surg 230:544–552, discussion 552–554
48. Poon RT, Chu KW, Ho JW et al (1999) Prospective evaluation of selective defunctioning stoma for low anterior resection with total mesorectal excision. World J Surg 23:463–467, discussion 467–468
49. Peeters KC, Tollenaar RA, Marijnen CA et al (2005) Risk factors for anastomotic failure after total mesorectal excision of rectal cancer. Br J Surg 92:211–216
50. Kessler H, Hermanek P Jr, Wiebelt H (1993) Operative mortality in carcinoma of the rectum. Results of the German Multicentre Study. Int J Color Dis 8:158–166
51. Nurkin S et al (2013) The role of faecal diversion in low rectal cancer: a review of 1791 patients having rectal resection with anastomosis for cancer, with and without a proximal stoma. Color Dis 15(6):e309–e316
52. Graffner H, Fredlund P, Olsson SA et al (1983) Protective colostomy in low anterior resection of the rectum using the EEA stapling instrument. A randomized study. Dis Colon Rectum 26:87–90
53. Matthiessen P, Hallbook O, Rutegard J et al (2007) Defunctioning stoma reduces symptomatic anastomotic leakage after low anterior resection of the rectum for cancer: a randomized multicenter trial. Ann Surg 246:207–214
54. Chude GG, Rayate NV, Patris V, Koshariya M, Jagad R, Kawamoto J, Lygidakis NJ (2008) Defunctioning loop ileostomy with low anterior resection for distal rectal cancer: should we make an ileostomy as a routine procedure? A prospective randomized study. Hepatogastroenterology 55(86–87):1562–1567
55. Harris DA, Egbeare D, Jones S, Benjamin H, Woodward A, Foster ME (2005) Complications and mortality following stoma formation. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 87(6):427–431
56. Shellito PC (1998) Complications of abdominal stoma surgery. Dis Colon Rectum 41(12):1562–1572
57. Vermeulen J, Gosselink MP, Busschbach JJ, Lange JF (2010) Avoiding or reversing Hartmann’s procedure provides improved quality of life after perforated diverticulitis. J Gastrointest Surg 14(4):651–657
58. Roig JV, Cantos M, Balciscueta Z et al (2011) Sociedad Valenciana de Cirugía Cooperative Group. Hartmann’s operation: how often is it reversed and at what cost? A multicentre study. Color Dis 13(12):e396–e402
59. Londono-Schimmer EE, Leong AP, Phillips RK (1994) Life table analysis of stomal complications following colostomy. Dis Colon Rectum 37(9):916–920
60. Chen F, Stuart M (1996) The morbidity of defunctioning stomata. Aust N Z J Surg 66(4):218–221
61. Porter JA, Salvati EP, Rubin RJ, Eisenstat TE (1989) Complications of colostomies. Dis Colon Rectum 32(4):299–303
62. Parmar KL, Zammit M, Smith A, Kenyon D, Lees NP, Greater Manchester and Cheshire Colorectal Cancer Network (2011) A prospective audit of early stoma complications in colorectal cancer treatment throughout the Greater Manchester and Cheshire colorectal cancer network. Color Dis 13(8):935–938
63. Klink CD, Lioupis K, Binnebösel M et al (2011) Diversion stoma after colorectal surgery: loop colostomy or ileostomy? Int J Color Dis 26(4):431–436
64. Nastro P, Knowles CH, McGrath A, Heyman B, Porrett TR, Lunniss PJ (2010) Complications of intestinal stomas. Br J Surg 97(12):1885–1889
65. Cottam J, Richards K, Hasted A, Blackman A (2007) Results of a nationwide prospective audit of stoma complications within 3 weeks of surgery. Color Dis 9(9):834–838
66. Neuman HB, Park J, Fuzesi S, Temple LK (2012) Rectal cancer patients’ quality of life with a temporary stoma: shifting perspectives. Dis Colon Rectum 55(11):1117–1124
67. O’Leary DP, Fide CJ, Foy C, Lucarotti ME (2001) Quality of life after low anterior resection with total mesorectal excision and temporary loop ileostomy for rectal carcinoma. Br J Surg 88(9):1216–1220
68. Macdonald A, Chung D, Fell S, Pickford I (2003) An assessment of surgeons’ abilities to site colostomies accurately. Surgeon 1(6):347–349
69. American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons Committee Members Wound Ostomy Continence Nurses Society Committee Members (2007) ASCRS and WOCN joint position statement on the value of preoperative stoma marking for patients undergoing fecal ostomy surgery. Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs 34(6):627–628
70. Colwell JC, Goldberg M, Carmel J (2001) The state of the standard diversion. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs 28(1):6–17
71. PJ A g, Bevan L, Macdonald L et al (2003) A prospective audit of stomas—analysis of risk factors and complications and their management. Color Dis 5(1):49–52
72. Marquis P, Marred A, Jamb on B (2003) Quality of life in patients with stomas: the Monteux Study. Ostomy Wound Manage 49(2):48–55
73. Baker ML, Williams RN, Nightingale JM (2011) Causes and management of a high-output stoma. Color Dis 13(2):191–197
74. Serra-Aracil X, Bombardo-Junca J, Moreno-Matias J et al (2009) Randomized, controlled, prospective trial of the use of a mesh to prevent parastomal hernia. Ann Surg 249(4):583–587
75. Brown H, Randle J (2005) Living with a stoma: a review of the literature. J Clin Nurs 14:74–81
76. Robertson I, Leung E, Hughes D et al (2005) Prospective analysis of stoma-related complications. Color Dis 7(3):279–285
77. Simmons KL, Smith JA, Bobb K-A, Liles LLM (2007) Adjustment to colostomy: stoma acceptance, stoma care self-efficacy and interpersonal relationships. J Adv Nurs 60:627–635
78. Danielsen AK et al (2013) Patient education has a positive effect in patients with a stoma: a systematic review. Color Dis 15(6):e276–e283
79. Khoury GA, Lewis MC, Meleagros L, Lewis AA (1986) Colostomy or ileostomy after colorectal anastomosis?: a randomized trial. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 69:5–7
80. Williams NS, Nasmyth DG, Jones D, Smith AH (1986) Defunctioning stomas: a prospective controlled trial comparing loop ileostomy with loop transverse colostomy. Br J Surg 73:566–570
81. Gooszen AW, Geelkerken RH, Hermans J, Lagaay MB, Gooszen HG (1998) Temporary decompression after colorectal surgery: randomized comparison of loop ileostomy and loop colostomy. Br J Surg 85:76–79
82. Law WL, Chu KW, Choi K (2002) Randomized clinical trial comparing loop ileostomy and loop transverse colostomy for faecal diversion following total mesorectal excision. Br J Surg 89:704–708
83. Göhring U, Lehner B, Schlag P (1988) Ileostomy versus colostomy as temporary deviation stoma in relation to stoma closure. Chirurg 59(12):842–844
84. Güenaga KF, Lustosa SAS, Saad SS, Saconato H, Matos D (2007) Ileostomy or colostomy for temporary decompression of colorectal anastomosis. Cochrane Database of Syst Rev, Issue 1. Art.No.: CD004647. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004647.pub2