Estimates and correlates of bird and bat mortality at small wind turbine sites

Biodiversity and Conservation

Volumn 24, Issue 3, 2015, Pages 467-482

  Minderman, Jeroen ^a   Fuentes Montemayor, Elisa ^a   Pearce Higgins, James W ^b   Pendlebury, Chris J ^a   Park, Kirsty J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF STIRLING   (United Kingdom)

^b THE NUNNERY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Collision mortality; Conservation; Domestic wind turbines; Microturbines; Questionnaire; Renewable energy

Indexed keywords

EID: 84925514334     PISSN: 09603115     EISSN: 15729710     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10531-014-0826-z     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Amorim F, Rebelo H, Rodrigues L (2012) Factors influencing bat activity and mortality at a wind farm in the mediterranean region. Acta Chiropterol 14:439–457
2. Arnett E, Brown W, Erickson W, Fiedler J, Hamilton B, Henry T, Jain A, Johnson G, Kerns J, Koford R, Nicholson C, O’Connell T, Piorkowski M, Tankersley R (2008) Patterns of bat fatalities at wind energy facilities in North America. J Wildlife Manag 72:61–78
3. AWEA (2012) 2011 U.S. Small Wind Turbine Market Report: Year Ending 2011. American Wind Energy Association, Washington, DC, USA
4. Band W, Madders M, Whitfield D (2005) Developing field and analytical methods to assess avian collision risk at wind farms. In: de Lucas M, Janss GFE, Ferrer M (eds) Birds and Wind Power. Lynx Editions, Barcelona, Spain
5. Barrios L, Rodriguez A (2004) Behavioural and environmental correlates of soaring-bird mortality at on-shore wind turbines. J Appl Ecol 41:72–81
6. Bat Conservation Trust. (2010) Microgeneration Schemes: Risks, Evidence and Recommendations. Bat Conservation Trust, London, UK. http://www.bats.org.uk/pages/microgeneration_issues.html Accessed 29 June 2013
7. Bremner A, Park K (2007) Public attitudes to the management of invasive non-native species in Scotland. Biol Conserv 139:306–314
8. Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations (2012) The Stationary Office, London, UK. http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2012/1927/made Accessed 29 June 2013
9. Cryan P, Barclay R (2009) Causes of bat fatalities at wind turbines: hypotheses and predictions. J Mammal 90:1330–1340
10. Dahl EL, Bevanger K, Nygard T, Roskaft E, Stokke BG (2012) Reduced breeding success in white-tailed eagles at Smola windfarm, western Norway, is caused by mortality and displacement. Biol Conserv 145:79–85
11. Desholm M, Kahlert J (2005) Avian collision risk at an offshore wind farm. Biol Lett 1:296–298
12. Douglas D, Bellamy P, Pearce-Higgins J (2011) Changes in the abundance and distribution of upland breeding birds at an operational wind farm. Bird Study 58:37–43
13. Drewitt A, Langston R (2006) Assessing the impacts of wind farms on birds. Ibis 148:29–42
14. Eaton MA, Brown AF, Noble DG, Musgrove AJ, Hearn RD, Aebischer NJ, Gibbons DW, Evans A, Gregory RD (2009) Birds of conservation concern 3 the population status of birds in the United Kingdom, Channel Islands and Isle of Man. Brit Birds 102:296–341
15. Energy Saving Trust (2009) Location, location, location: domestic small-scale wind field trial Report. Energy saving trust, London, UK. http://www.energysavingtrust.org.uk/Publications2/Generating-energy/Field-trial-reports Accessed 29 June 2013
16. Everaert J, Stienen E (2007) Impact of wind turbines on birds in Zeebrugge (Belgium). Biodivers Conserv 16:3345–3359
17. Gelman A, Su Y-S, Yajima M, Hill J, Pittau MG, Kerman J, Zheng T (2013) Arm: data analysis using regression and multilevel/hierarchical models. R package version 1.6-01.02., http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=arm Accessed 29 June 2013
18. Homan HJ, Linz G, Peer BD (2001) Dogs increase recovery of passerine carcasses in dense vegetation. Wildlife Soc Bull 29:292–296
19. Hundt L, Barlow K, Crompton R, Graves R, Markham S, Matthews J, Oxford M, Shepherd P, Sowler S (2012) Bat surveys—good practice guidelines (2nd Edition): Surveying for Onshore Wind Turbines. Bat conservation trust, London, UK. http://www.bats.org.uk/pages/batsurveyguide.html Accessed 29 June 2013
20. Kerns J, Kerlinger P (2004) A study of bird and bat collision fatalities at the Mountaineer Wind Energy Center, Tucker County, West Virginia. Annual Report for 2003. Curry & Kerlinger, LLC, McLean, Virginia, USA
21. Korner-Nievergelt F, Korner-Nievergelt P, Behr O, Niermann I, Brinkmann R, Hellriegel B (2011) A new method to determine bird and bat fatality at wind energy turbines from carcass searches. Wildlife Biol 17:350–363
22. Korner-Nievergelt F, Niermann I, Behr O, Brinkmann R, Korner-Nievergelt P, Hellriegel B, Huso MMP (2012) carcass: Estimation of the number of fatalities from carcass searches, v. 1.0. http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/carcass/index.html Accessed 29 June 2013
23. Larsen J, Guillemette M (2007) Effects of wind turbines on flight behaviour of wintering common eiders: implications for habitat use and collision risk. J Appl Ecol 44:516–522
24. Larsen J, Madsen J (2000) Effects of wind turbines and other physical elements on field utilization by pink-footed geese (Anser brachyrhynchus): a landscape perspective. Landscape Ecol 15:755–764
25. Minderman J, Pendlebury CJ, Pearce-Higgins JW, Park KJ (2012) Experimental evidence for the effect of small wind turbine proximity and operation on bird and bat activity. PLoS ONE 7 e41177. http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi/10.1371/journal.pone.0041177 Accessed 29 June 2013
26. Natural England. (2007) Assessing ornithological impacts associated with wind farm developments: surveying recommendations (TIN008). Natural England, Sheffield, UK. http://publications.naturalengland.org.uk/publication/22006 Accessed 29 June 2013
27. UK Wind Energy Database (2014). http://www.renewableuk.com/en/renewable-energy/wind-energy/uk-wind-energy-database/ Accessed Jun 2014
28. Osborne JL, Martin AP, Shortall CR, Todd AD, Goulson D, Knight ME, Hale RJ, Sanderson RA (2008) Quantifying and comparing bumblebee nest densities in gardens and countryside habitats. J Appl Ecol 45:784–792
29. Park KJ, Turner A, Minderman J (2013) Integrating applied ecology and planning policy: the case of micro-turbines and wildlife conservation. J Appl Ecol 50:199–204
30. Paula J, Leal MC, Silva MJ, Mascarenhas R, Costa H, Mascarenhas M (2011) Dogs as a tool to improve bird-strike mortality estimates at wind farms. J Nat Conserv 19:202–208
31. Peacock AD, Jenkins D, Ahadzi M, Berry A, Turan S (2008) Micro wind turbines in the UK domestic sector. Energ Build 40:1324–1333
32. Pearce-Higgins JW, Stephen L, Langston RHW, Bainbridge IP, Bullman R (2009) The distribution of breeding birds around upland wind farms. J Appl Ecol 46:1323–1331
33. Pearce-Higgins JW, Stephen L, Douse A, Langston RHW (2012) Greater impacts of wind farms on bird populations during construction than subsequent operation: results of a multi-site and multi-species analysis. J Appl Ecol 49:386–394
34. Pollock KH, Winterstein SR, Bunck CM, Curtis PD (1989) Survival analysis in telemetry studies: the staggered entry design. J Wildlife Manag 53:7
35. Ponce C, Alonso JC, Argandoña G et al (2010) Carcass removal by scavengers and search accuracy affect bird mortality estimates at power lines. Anim Conserv 13:603–612. doi:10.1111/j.1469-1795.2010.00387.x
36. Prosser P, Nattrass C, Prosser C (2008) Rate of removal of bird carcasses in arable farmland by predators and scavengers. Ecotox Environ Safe 71:601–608
37. R Development Core Team (2012) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. http://cran.r-project.org/ Accessed 29 June 2013
38. RenewableUK (2011) Small Wind Systems UK Market Report—April 2011. RenewableUK, London, UK. http://www.renewableuk.com/en/publications/index.cfm/Small-Wind-Market-Report-2011 Accessed 29 June 2013
39. Rydell J, Bach L, Dubourg-Savage M, Green M, Rodrigues L, Hedenstrom A (2010) Bat mortality at wind turbines in northwestern Europe. Acta Chiropterol 12:261–274
40. Smallwood KS (2007) Estimating Wind Turbine-Caused Bird Mortality. J Wildlife Manag 71:2781–2791
41. Smallwood KS, Thelander C (2008) Bird Mortality in the Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area, California. J Wildlife Manag 72:215–223
42. Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS (2001) Using multivariate statistics. Allyn & Bacon, Boston
43. Thomas RL, Fellowes MDE, Baker PJ (2012) Spatio-Temporal Variation in Predation by Urban Domestic Cats (Felis catus) and the Acceptability of Possible Management Actions in the UK. PLoS ONE 7, e49369. http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0049369 Accessed 29 June 2013
44. Walsh A, Harris S (1996) Foraging habitat preferences of vespertilionid bats in Britain. J Appl Ecol 33:508–518
45. White PCL, Jennings NV, Renwick AR, Barker NHL (2005) Review: questionnaires in ecology: a review of past use and recommendations for best practice. J Appl Ecol 42(3):421–430
46. Whittingham M, Krebs J, Swetnam R, Thewlis R, Wilson J, Freckleton R (2009) Habitat associations of British breeding farmland birds. Bird Study 56:43–52
47. Wildlife and Countryside Act. (1981) The Stationary Office, London, UK. http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1981/69 Accessed 29 June 2013
48. Woods M, McDonald RA, Harris S (2003) Predation of wildlife by domestic cats Felis catus in Great Britain. Mammal Rev 33:174–188
49. WWEA. (2012) Small Wind Report 2012. World Wind Energy Association, Bonn, Germany. http://wwindea.org/home/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=348&Itemid=40 Accessed 29 June 2013
50. WWEA. (2013) 2013 Small Wind World Report Update. World Wind Energy Association, Bonn, Germany. http://small-wind.org/wwea-releases-2013-small-wind-world-report-update/ Accessed 29 June 2013