The Brief Memory and Executive Test (BMET) for detecting vascular cognitive impairment in small vessel disease: A validation study

BMC Medicine

Volumn 13, Issue 1, 2015, Pages

  Brookes, Rebecca L ^a   Hollocks, Matthew J ^b   Khan, Usman ^a   Morris, Robin G ^c   Markus, Hugh S ^b  

^a ST GEORGE S HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

^c KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Cognitive disorders; Executive function; Memory; Vascular dementia

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BRIEF INVENTORY AND EXECUTIVE TEST; CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE; COGNITIVE DEFECT; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIAGNOSTIC TEST ACCURACY STUDY; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; FEMALE; HUMAN; INTERNAL CONSISTENCY; LACUNAR STROKE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEMORY; MINI MENTAL STATE EXAMINATION; MONTREAL COGNITIVE ASSESSMENT; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; ORIENTATION; RECEIVER OPERATING CHARACTERISTIC; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; TEST RETEST RELIABILITY; VALIDATION STUDY; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; CLINICAL TRIAL; COGNITION DISORDERS; COMPLICATION; MIDDLE AGED; MULTICENTER STUDY; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; REPRODUCIBILITY; VERY ELDERLY;

ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; COGNITION DISORDERS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; STROKE;

EID: 84925260060     PISSN: None     EISSN: 17417015     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/s12916-015-0290-y     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. Erkinjuntti T, Gauthier S. The concept of vascular cognitive impairment. Front Neurol Neurosci. 2009;24:79-85.
2. Moorhouse P, Rockwood K. Vascular cognitive impairment: current concepts and clinical developments. Lancet Neurol. 2008;7:246-55.
3. Makin SDJ, Turpin S, Dennis MS, Wardlaw JM. Cognitive impairment after lacunar stroke: systematic review and meta-analysis of incidence, prevalence and comparison with other stroke subtypes. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2013;84:893-900.
4. Jacova C, Pearce LA, Costello R, McClure LA, Holliday SL, Hart RG, et al. Cognitive impairment in lacunar strokes: the SPS3 trial. Ann Neurol. 2012;72:351-62.
5. Blanco-Rojas L, Arboix A, Canovas D, Grau-Olivares M, Oliva Morera JC, Parra O. Cognitive profile in patients with a first-ever lacunar infarct with and without silent lacunes: a comparative study. BMC Neurol. 2013;13:203.
6. Brookes RL, Willis TA, Patel B, Morris RG, Markus HS. Depressive symptoms as a predictor of quality of life in cerebral small vessel disease, acting independently of disability; a study in both sporadic small vessel disease and CADASIL. Int J Stroke. 2013;8:510-7.
7. Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. "Mini mental state". A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res. 1975;12:189-98.
8. O'Sullivan M, Morris RG, Markus HS. Brief cognitive assessment for patients with cerebral small vessel disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2005;76:1140-5.
9. Hachinski V, Iadecola C, Petersen RC, Breteler MM, Nyenhuis DL, Black SE, et al. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke-Canadian Stroke Network vascular cognitive impairment harmonization standards. Stroke. 2006;37:2220-41.
10. Brookes RL, Hannesdottir K, Lawrence R, Morris RG, Markus HS. Brief Memory and Executive Test: evaluation of a new screening test for cognitive impairment due to small vessel disease. Age Ageing. 2012;41:212-8.
11. Nasreddine ZS, Phillips NA, Bédirian V, Charbonneau S, Whitehead V, Collin I, et al. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005;53:695-9.
12. Gunning-Dixon FM, Raz N. Neuroanatomical correlates of selected executive functions in middle-aged and older adults: a prospective MRI study. Neuropsychologia. 2003;41:1929-41.
13. Fazekas F, Chawluk JB, Alavi A, Hurtig HI, Zimmerman RA. MR signal abnormalities at 1.5T in Alzheimer's dementia and normal aging deficiency. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1987;149:351-6.
14. Stroke Research Group Cambridge University. BMET Cognitive Testing. http://www.cambridgestroke.com/bmetcognitivetesting.php.
15. Nelson HE. National Adult Reading Test. NFER-Nelson: Windsor, UK; 1982.
16. Petersen RC. Mild cognitive impairment as a diagnostic entity. In J Intern Med Volume. 2004;256:183-94.
17. StataCorp. 13. Stata: Release 13. College Station, TX: StataCorp LP; 2013.
18. De Koning I, Dippel DW, Van Kooten F, Koudstaal PJ. A short screening instrument for poststroke dementia: the R-CAMCOG. Stroke. 2000;31:1502-8.
19. Torralva T, Roca M, Gleichgerrcht E, López P, Manes F. INECO Frontal Screening (IFS): a brief, sensitive, and specific tool to assess executive functions in dementia. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2009;15:777-86.
20. Price CC, Jefferson AL, Merino JG, Heilman KM, Libon DJ. Subcortical vascular dementia: integrating neuropsychological and neuroradiologic data. Neurology. 2005;65:376-82.
21. Duering M, Gesierich B, Seiler S, Pirpamer L, Gonik M, Hofer E, et al. Strategic white matter tracts for processing speed deficits in age-related small vessel disease. Neurology. 2014;82:1946-50.
22. Dichgans M, Markus HS, Salloway S, Verkkoniemi A, Moline M, Wang Q, et al. Donepezil in patients with subcortical vascular cognitive impairment: a randomised double-blind trial in CADASIL. Lancet Neurol. 2008;7:310-8.
23. Arboix A, Font A, Garro C, García-Eroles L, Comes E, Massons J. Recurrent lacunar infarction following a previous lacunar stroke: a clinical study of 122 patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2007;78:1392-4.