Probing excitonic states in suspended two-dimensional semiconductors by photocurrent spectroscopy

Scientific Reports

Volumn 4, Issue , 2014, Pages

  Klots, A R ^a   Newaz, A K M ^a,h   Wang, Bin ^a,i   Prasai, D ^b   Krzyzanowska, H ^a   Lin, Junhao ^a,d   Caudel, D ^a   Ghimire, N J ^c,d   Yan, J ^d,e   Ivanov, B L ^a   Velizhanin, K A ^f   Burger, A ^g   Mandrus, D G ^c,d,e   Tolk, N H ^a   Pantelides, S T ^a,d   Bolotin, K I ^a  

^a VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE   (United States)

^d OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

^e University of Tennessee Knoxville   (United States)

^f LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

^g FISK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^h SAN FRANCISCO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

ⁱ University of Oklahoma   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84925168208     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20452322     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/srep06608     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Wang, Q. H., Kalantar-Zadeh, K., Kis, A., Coleman, J. N. & Strano, M. S. Electronics and optoelectronics of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides. Nat Nanotechnol 7, 699-712 (2012).
2. Novoselov, K. S. et al. Two-dimensional atomic crystals. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 102, 10451-10453 (2005).
3. 2 transistors. Nat Nanotechnol 6, 147-150 (2011).
4. Castro Neto, A. H., Guinea, F., Peres, N. M. R., Novoselov, K. S. & Geim, A. K. The electronic properties of graphene. Rev Mod Phys 81, 109-162 (2009).
5. 2: A New Direct-Gap Semiconductor. Phys Rev Lett 105, 136805 (2010).
6. 2 and Other Group-VI Dichalcogenides. Phys Rev Lett 108, 196802 (2012).
7. 2. Nano Lett 10, 1271-1275 (2010).
8. 2 monolayers by optical pumping. Nat Nanotechnol 7, 490-493 (2012).
9. 2 by optical helicity. Nat Nanotechnol 7, 494-498 (2012).
10. 2 monolayers through selective valley excitation. Phys Rev B 86, 081301 (2012).
11. Cao, T. et al. Valley-selective circular dichroism of monolayer molybdenum disulphide. Nat Commun 3, 887 (2012).
12. 2. Nat Mater 12, 207-211 (2013).
13. Ross, J. S. et al. Electrical control of neutral and charged excitons in a monolayer semiconductor. Nat Commun 4, 1474 (2013).
14. 2. Solid State Commun 155, 49-52 (2013).
15. 2 Trilayer. Phys Rev Lett 110, 066803 (2013).
16. 2 transistors. Science 344, 1489-1492 (2014).
17. 2. Phys Rev B 88, 054515 (2013).
18. Geim, A. K. & Grigorieva, I. V. Van der Waals heterostructures. Nature 499, 419-425 (2013).
19. Wigner, E. On the Interaction of Electrons in Metals. Phys Rev 46, 1002-1011 (1934).
20. Britnell, L. et al. Strong Light-Matter Interactions in Heterostructures of Atomically Thin Films. Science 340, 1311-1314 (2013).
21. 2. Nat Nanotechnol 8, 497-501 (2013).
22. 2 with High Broadband Photogain and Fast Optical Switching for Use in Harsh Environments. ACS Nano 7, 3905-3911 (2013).
23. 2 Field-Effect Transistors by Scanning Photocurrent Microscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 4, 2508-2513 (2013).
24. 2 Phototransistors. ACS Nano 6, 74-80 (2011).
25. Bernardi, M., Palummo, M. & Grossman, J.C. Extraordinary Sunlight Absorption and One Nanometer Thick Photovoltaics Using Two-Dimensional Monolayer Materials. Nano Lett 13, 3664-3670 (2013).
26. 2: Many-Body Effects and Diversity of Exciton States. Phys Rev Lett 111, 216805 (2013).
27. Ramasubramaniam, A. Large excitonic effectsin monolayers of molybdenum and tungsten dichalcogenides. Phys Rev B 86, 115409 (2012).
28. Bolotin, K. I. et al. Ultrahigh electron mobility in suspended graphene. Solid State Commun 146, 351-355 (2008).
29. 2 devices. J Appl Phys 114, 164509 (2013).
30. Berkelbach, T. C., Hybertsen, M. S. & Reichman, D. R. Theory of neutral and charged excitons in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides. Phys Rev B 88, 045318 (2013).
31. 2. Nano Lett 13, 4212-4216 (2013).
32. 2 field-effect transistors: Substrate and dielectric effects. Appl Phys Lett 102, 042104 (2013).
33. 2. Nat Mater 12, 815-820 (2013).
34. 2. Nano Lett 12, 526-526 (2012).
35. Soci, C. et al. Nanowire Photodetectors. J Nanosci Nanotechno 10, 1430-1449 (2010).
36. 1-xAs quantum wells in an electric field. Phys Rev B 33, 4378-4381 (1986).
37. Mar, J. D. et al. High-resolution photocurrent spectroscopy of the positive trion state in a single quantum dot. Phys Rev B 87, 155315 (2013).
38. 2. Nano Lett 13, 358-363 (2013).
39. Chemla, D. S. & Shah, J. Many-body and correlation effects in semiconductors. Nature 411, 549-557 (2001).
40. Kam, K. K. & Parkinson, B. A. Detailed Photocurrent Spectroscopy of the Semiconducting Group-Vi Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides. J Phys Chem 86, 463-467 (1982).
41. Nagpal, P. & Klimov, V. I. Role of mid-gap states in charge transport and photoconductivity in semiconductor nanocrystal films. Nat Commun 2, 486-493 (2011).
42. Freitag, M., Low, T., Xia, F. N. & Avouris, P. Photoconductivity of biased graphene. Nat Photonics 7, 53-59 (2013).
43. Konstantatos, G. et al. Hybrid graphene-quantum dot phototransistors with ultrahigh gain. Nat Nanotechnol 7, 363-368 (2012).
44. 2. Phys Rev B 88, 045412 (2013).
45. Rohlfing, M. & Louie, S. G. Electron-hole excitations and optical spectra from first principles. Phys Rev B 62, 4927-4944 (2000).
46. 2. Phys Rev B 88, 245309 (2013).
47. Skinner, B., Shklovskii, B. I. & Voloshin, M. B. Bound state energy of a Coulomb impurity in gapped bilayer graphene. Phys Rev B 89, 041405 (2014).
48. 2 substrate. Phys Rev B 87, 165402 (2013).
49. Tongay, S. et al. Defects activated photoluminescence in two-dimensional semiconductors: interplay between bound, charged, and free excitons. Sci. Rep. 3, 2657 (2013).
50. Yang, X. L., and Guo, S. H., Chan, F. T., Wong, K. W.& Ching, W.Y. Analytic solution of a two-dimensional hydrogen atom. I. Nonrelativistic theory. Phys Rev A 43, 1186-1196 (1991).
51. 2 from first principles. Phys Rev B 86, 241201 (2012).
52. Ribeiro, L. A. et al. Exciton dissociation and charge carrier recombination processes in organic semiconductors. J Chem Phys 135, 224901 (2011).
53. Mohite, A. D., Gopinath, P., Shah, H. M. & Alphenaar, B. W. Exciton dissociation and stark effect in the carbon nanotube photocurrent spectrum. Nano Lett 8, 142-146 (2008).
54. Gregg, B. A. Excitonic solar cells. J Phys Chem B 107, 4688-4698 (2003).
55. Ng, K. K. Complete guide to semiconductor devices. International edn, 439-444 (McGraw-Hill, New York, 2002).
56. 2 Schottky junctions. Sci. Rep. 3, 1634 (2013).
57. Liu, H. C. et al. Multicolor voltage-tunable quantum-well infrared photodetector. Electron Device Letters, IEEE 14, 566-568 (1993).
58. Eda, G. & Maier, S. A. Two-Dimensional Crystals: Managing Light for Optoelectronics. ACS Nano 7, 5660-5665 (2013).
59. 2. arXiv:1403.5108 (2014).
60. Ye, Z. et al. Probing Excitonic Dark States in Single-layer Tungsten Disulfide. arXiv:1403.5568 (2014).
61. 2 Monolayers. arXiv:1404.0056 (2014).
62. 2. arXiv:1403.4270 (2014).
63. 2. Phys Rev Lett 113, 026803 (2014).