Electromagnetic band gap structures in antenna engineering

Electromagnetic Band Gap Structures in Antenna Engineering

Volumn 9780521889919, Issue , 2008, Pages 1-266

  Yang, Fan ^a   Rahmat Samii, Yahya ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI   (United States)

^b Engineering IV   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTENNAS; COMPUTATION THEORY; ENERGY GAP; FINITE DIFFERENCE TIME DOMAIN METHOD; STUDENTS;

ANTENNA APPLICATIONS; ANTENNA ENGINEERING; DYNAMIC RESOURCES; ELECTROMAGNETIC BAND GAPS; ELECTROMAGNETIC BANDGAP STRUCTURES; ELECTROMAGNETIC SOFTWARE; GRADUATE STUDENTS; STATE OF THE ART;

COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS;

EID: 84925150470     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511754531     Document Type: Book

References (237)

1. B. A. Munk, Frequency Selective Surfaces: Theory and Design, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2000.
2. J. D. Joannopoulos, R. D. Meade and J. N. Winn, Photonic Crystals, Princeton University Press, 1995.
3. E. Yablonovitch, “Inhibited spontaneous emission in solid-state physics and electronics,” Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 58, 2059-63, 1987.
4. Y. Rahmat-Samii and H. Mosallaei, “Electromagnetic band-gap structures: classification, characterization and applications,” Proceedings ofIEE-ICAP symposium, pp. 560-4, April 2001.
5. E. Ozbay, A. Abeyta, G. Tuttle, M. Tringides, R. Biswas, T. Chan, C. M. Soukoulis and K. M. Ho, “Measurement of a three-dimensional photonic band gap in a crystal structure made of dielectric rods,” Phys. Rev. B, Condens. Matter, vol. 50, no. 3, 1945-8, July 1994.
6. A. S. Barlevy and Y. Rahmat-Samii, “Characterization of electromagnetic band-gaps composed of multiple periodic tripods with interconnecting vias: concept analysis, and design,”IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 49, 242-353, 2001.
7. D. Sievenpiper, L. Zhang, R. F. J. Broas, N. G. Alexopolus, and E. Yablonovitch, “High-impedance electromagnetic surfaces with a forbidden frequency band,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 47, 2059-74, 1999.
8. F.-R. Yang, K.-P. Ma, Y. Qian, and T. Itoh, “A uniplanar compact photonic-bandgap (UC-PBG) structure and its applications for microwave circuit,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech, vol. 47, 1509-14, 1999.
9. V Radisic, Y. Qian, R. Coccioli, and T. Itoh, “Novel 2-D photonic bandgap structure for microstrip lines,” IEEEMicrow. and Guided Wave Lett., vol. 8, no. 2, 69-71, 1998.
10. C. Caloz and T. Itoh, Electromagnetic Metamaterials: Transmission Line Theory and Microwave Applications, Wiley-IEEE Press, 2005.
11. Special issue on electromagnetic crystal structures, designs, synthesis, and applications, IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. vol. 47, no. 11, November 1999.
12. Special issue on meta-materials, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 51, no. 10, 2003.
13. N. Engheta and R. Ziolkowski, Metamaterials: Physics and Engineering Explorations, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2006.
14. G. V. Eleftheriades and K. G. Balmain, Negative Refraction Metamaterials: Fundamental Principles and Applications, Wiley-IEEE Press, 2005.
15. D. F. Sievenpiper, High Impedance electromagnetic surfaces, Ph.D. dissertation, Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, 1999.
16. M. Rahman and M. A. Stuchly, “Transmission line - periodic circuit representation of planar microwave photonic bandgap structures,” Microwave Optical Tech. Lett., vol. 30, no. 1, 15-19, 2001.
17. Y. Kim, F. Yang, and A. Elsherbeni, “Compact artificial magnetic conductor designs using planar square spiral geometry,” Progress In Electromagnetics Research, PIER 77, 43-54, 2007.
18. R. Coccioli, F. R. Yang, K. P Ma, and T. Itoh, “Aperture-coupled patch antenna on UC-PBG substrate,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 47, 2123-30, 1999.
19. R. Gonzalo, P Maagt, and M. Sorolla, “Enhanced patch-antenna performance by suppressing surface waves using photonic-bandgap substrates,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 47,2131-8, 1999.
20. J. S. Colburn and Y. Rahmat-Samii, “Patch antennas on externally perforated high dielectric constant substrates,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 47, 1785-94, 1999.
21. W. E. McKinzie III, R. B. Hurtado, B. K. Klimczak, J. D. Dutton, “Mitigation of multipath through the use of an artificial magnetic conductor for precision GPS surveying antennas,” in Proc. IEEE APS Dig., vol. 4, pp. 640-3, 2002.
22. F. Yang and Y. Rahmat-Samii, “Microstrip antennas integrated with electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) structures: a low mutual coupling design for array applications,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat, vol. 51, no. 10, part 2, 2936-46, 2003.
23. Z. Li and Y. Rahmat-Samii, “PBG, PMC and PEC ground planes: A case study for dipole antenna,” IEEE APS Int. Symp. Dig., vol. 4, pp. 2258-61, Salt Lake City, UT, July 16-21, 2000.
24. F. Yang and Y. Rahmat-Samii, “A low profile circularly polarized curl antenna over electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) surface,” Microwave Optical Tech. Lett., vol. 31, no. 4, 264-7, November 2001.
25. F. Yang and Y. Rahmat-Samii, “Reflection phase characterizations of the EBG ground plane for low profile wire antenna applications,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 51, no. 10, 2691-703, 2003.
26. S. Clavijo, R. E. Diaz, and W. E. McKinzie, “Design methodology for Sievenpiper high-impedance surfaces: an artificial magnetic conductor for positive gain electrically small antennas,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat, vol. 51, no. 10, 2678-90, 2003.
27. H. Nakano, K. Hitosugi, N. Tatsuzawa, D. Togashi, H. Mimaki, and J. Yamauchi, “Effects on the radiation characteristics of using a corrugated reflector with a helical antenna and an electromagnetic band-gap reflector with a spiral antenna,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat, vol. 53, no. 1, 191-9, 2005.
28. A. R. Weily, L. Horvath, K. P. Esselle, B. C. Sanders, and T. S. Bird, “A planar resonator antenna based on a woodpile EBG material,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 53, no. 1, 216-23, 2005.
29. D. Sievenpiper, J. Colburn, B. Fong, J. Ottusch, J. Visher, “Holographic artificial impedance surfaces for conformal antennas,” IEEE APS Int. Symp. Dig, vol. 1B, pp. 256-9, 2005.
30. J. S. Colburn, D. F. Sievenpiper, B. H. Fong, J. J. Ottusch, J. L. Visher and P. R. Herz, “Advances in artificial impedance surface conformal antennas,” IEEE APS Int. Symp. Dig., pp. 3820-3, 2007.
31. F. Caminita, M. Nannetti, and S. Maci, “A new concept forthe design ofholographic antennas,” 2007 URSI Electromagnetic Theory Symposium, July 2007.
32. D. Sievenpiper, J. Schaffner, R. Loo, G. Tangonan, S. Ontiveros, and R. Harold, “A tunable impedance surface performing as a reconfigurable beam steering reflector,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat, vol. 50, no. 3, 384-90, 2003.
33. T. Itoh, Numerical Techniques for Microwave and Millimeter-wave Passive Structures, Wiley-Interscience, 1989.
34. A. Taflove and S. Hagness, Computational Electrodynamics: The Finite Difference Time Domain Method, 2nd edn., Artech House, 2000.
35. K. S. Yee, “Numerical solution of initial boundary value problems involving Maxwell's equations in isotropic media,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 14, 302-7, 1966.
36. M. A. Jensen, Time-Domain Finite-Difference Methods in Electromagnetics: Application to Personal Communication, Ph.D. dissertation at University of California, Los Angeles, 1994.
37. A. Taflove and S. Hagness, “Chapter 9: Dispersive and nonlinear materials,” in Computational Electrodynamics: The Finite Difference Time Domain Method, 2nd edn., Artech House, 2000.
38. F. Zheng, Z. Chen, and J. Zhang, “Toward the development of a three dimensional unconditionally stable finite-difference time-domain method,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 48, 1550-8, September 2000.
39. T. NaMiki, “3-D ADI-FDTD method - unconditionally stable time-domain algorithm for solving full vector Maxwell's equations,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 48, 1743-8, October 2000.
40. B. Engquist and A. Majda, “Absorbing boundary conditions for the numerical simulation of waves,” Math. Comput, vol. 31, 629-51, 1977.
41. G. Mur, “Absorbing boundary conditions for the finite-difference approximation of the time-domain electromagnetic field equations,” IEEE Trans. Electromagnetic Compatibility, vol. 23, 377-82, 1981.
42. J. P. Berenger, “A perfectly matched player for the absorption of electromagnetic waves,”J. Computational Physics, vol. 114, 185-200, 1994.
43. S. D. Gedney, “An anisotropic PML absorbing media for FDTD simulation of fields in lossy dispersive media,” Electromagnetics, vol. 16, 399-415, 1996.
44. S. D. Gedney and A. Taflove, “Chapter 7: Perfectly matched layer absorbing boundary conditions,” in Computational Electrodynamics: The Finite Difference Time Domain Method, 2nd edn., A. Taflove and S. Hagness, Artech House, 2000.
45. M. A. Jensen and Y. Rahmat-Samii, “Performance analysis of antennas for hand-held transceiver using FDTD,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 42, 1106-13, 1994.
46. A. Z. Elsherbeni and Y. Rahmat-Samii, FDTD Analysis of Printed Microstrip Antennas for Personal Communication, Technical Report, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, December 1996.
47. A. Taflove and S. Hagness, “Chapter 5: Incident wave source conditions,” in Computational Electrodynamics: The Finite Difference Time Domain Method, 2nd edn., Artech House, 2000.
48. J. Maloney and M. P. Kesler, “Chapter 13: Analysis of periodic structures,” in Computational Electrodynamics: The Finite Difference Time Domain Method, 2nd edn., A. Taflove and S. Hagness, Artech House, 2000.
49. L. Brillouin, Wave Propagation in Periodic Structures, 2nd edn., Dover Publications, 2003.
50. S. Xiao, R. Vahldieck, and H. Jin, “Full-wave analysis of guided wave structures using a novel 2-D FDTD,” IEEEMicrow. Guided Wave Lett., vol. 2, no. 5, 165-7, 1992.
51. A. C. Cangellaris, M. Gribbons, and G. Sohos, “A hybrid spectral/FDTD method for electromagnetic analysis of guided waves in periodic structures,” IEEE Microw. Guided Wave Lett., vol. 3, no. 10, 375-7, 1992.
52. H. S. Chan, S. H. Lou, L. Tsang, and J. A. Kong, “Electromagnetic scattering of waves by random rough surface: a finite difference time domain approach,” Microwave Optical Tech. Lett., vol. 4, 355-9, 1991.
53. P Harms, R. Mittra, and W. Ko, “Implementation of the periodic boundary condition in the finite-difference time-domain algorithm for FSS structures,” IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagation, vol. 42, 1317-24, 1994.
54. J. A. Roden, S. D. Gedney, M. P Kesler, J. G. Maloney, and P H. Harms, “Time-domain analysis of periodic structures at oblique incidence: orthogonal and nonorthogonal FDTD implementations,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 46, no. 4, 420-7, 1998.
55. M. E. Veysoglu, R. T. Shin, and J. A. Kong, “A finite-difference time-domain analysis of wave scattering from periodic surfaces: oblique incidence case,” J. Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, vol. 7, 1595-607, 1993.
56. J. Ren, O. P Gandhi, L. R. Walker, J. Fraschilla, and C. R. Boerman, “Floquet-based FDTD analysis of two-dimensional phased array antennas,” IEEE Microwave and Guided Wave Lett., vol. 4, 109-12, 1994.
57. H. Holter and H. Steyskal, “Infinite phased-array analysis using FDTD periodic boundary conditions - pulse scanning in oblique directions,” IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagation, vol. 47, 1508-14, 1999.
58. J. R. Marek and J. MacGillivary, “A method for reducing run-times of out-of-core FDTD problems,” Proc. 9th Annual Review of Progress in Applied Computational Electromagnetics, Montery, CA, pp. 344-51, March 1993.
59. A. Aminian and Y. Rahmat-Samii, “Spectral FDTD: a novel computational technique for the analysis of periodic structures,” IEEE APS Int. Symp. Dis., vol. 3, pp. 3139-42, June 2004.
60. F. Yang, J. Chen, R. Qiang, and A. Elsherbeni, “FDTD analysis of periodic structures at arbitrary incidence angles: a simple and efficient implementation of the periodic boundary conditions,” IEEE APS Int. Symp. Dis., vol. 3, pp. 2715-18, 2006.
61. R. E. Collin, Field Theory of Guided Waves, 2nd edn., Wiley-IEEE Express, 1990.
62. K. Zhang and D. Li, Electromagnetic Theory for Microwaves and Optoelectronics, 2nd edn., Publishing House of Electronics Industry, 2001.
63. A. Al-Zoubi, F. Yang, and A. Kishk, “A low profile dual band surface wave antenna with a monopole like pattern,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 55, no. 12, 3404-12, 2007.
64. B. A. Munk, Frequency Selective Surface, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2000.
65. J. Huang, “The development of inflatable array antennas,” IEEE Antennas Propagat. Mag., vol. 43, no. 4, 44-50, 2001.
66. N. Engheta and R. Ziolkowski, Metamaterials: Physics and Engineering Explorations, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2006.
67. F. Yang, J. Chen, Q. Rui, and A. Elsherbeni, “A simple and efficient FDTD/PBC algorithm for periodic structure analysis,” Radio Sci., vol. 42, no. 4, RS4004, July 2007.
68. J. Gianvittorio, J. Romeu, S. Blanch, and Y. Rahmat-Samii, “Self-similar prefractal frequency selective surfaces for multiband and dual-polarized applications,” IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagation, vol. 51, no. 11, 3088-96, 2003.
69. E. L. Pelton and B. A. Munk, “Scattering from periodic arrays of crossed dipoles,” IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagation, vol. 27, no. 3, 323-30, 1979.
70. H. Mosallaei and Y. Rahmat-Samii, “Periodic bandgap and effective dielectric materials in electromagnetics: characterization and applications in nanocavities and waveguides,” IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagation, vol. 51, no. 3, 549-63, 2003.
71. A. Aminian, F. Yang, and Y. Rahmat-Samii, “Bandwidth determination for soft and hard ground planes by spectral FDTD: a unified approach in visible and surface wave regions,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 53, no. 1, 18-28, 2005.
72. F. Yang, A. Elsherbeni, and J. Chen, “A hybrid spectral-FDTD/ARMA method for periodic structure analysis,” IEEE APS Int. Symp. Dis., Hawaii, June 2007.
73. Y. Hua and T. K. Sarkar, “Matrix pencil method for estimating parameters of exponentially damped/undamped sinusoids in noise,” IEEE Trans. Accoustics Speech and Signal Processing, vol. 38, no. 5, 1990.
74. W. Ko and R. Mittra, “A combination of FD-TD and Prony's methods for analyzing microwave integrated circuits,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 39, 2176-81, 1991.
75. Z. Bi, Y. Shen, K. Wu, and J. Litva, “Fast FDTD analysis of resonators using digital filtering and spectrum estimation,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 40, 1611-19, 1992.
76. W. Kuempel and L. Wolff, “Digital signal processing of time domain field simulation results using the system identification method,” IEEEMTT-SInt. Symp. Dig., vol. 2, pp. 793-6, June 1992.
77. B. Housmand, T. W. Huang, and T. Itoh, “Microwave structure characterization by a combination of FDTD and system identification methods,” IEEE Microwave Guided Wave Lett., vol. 3, 262-4, August 1993.
78. J. Chen, C. Wu, T. Lo, K.-L. Wu, and J. Litva, “Using linear and non-linear predictors to improve the computational efficiency of the FD-TD algorithm,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 42, 1992-7, September 1994.
79. A. K. Shaw and K. Naishadham, “ARMA-based time-signature estimator for analyzing resonant structures by the FDTD method,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 49, 327-39, 2001.
80. F. Yang and Y. Rahmat-Samii, “Microstrip antenna analysis using fast FDTD methods: a comparison of Prony and ARMA techniques,” Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology, 661-664, Beijing, August 17-19, 2002.
81. D. Sievenpiper, L. Zhang, R. F. J. Broas, N. G. Alexopolus, and E. Yablonovitch, “High-impedance electromagnetic surfaces with a forbidden frequency band,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech, vol. 47, 2059-74, 1999.
82. D. F. Sievenpiper, High-Impedance Electromagnetic Surfaces, Ph.D. dissertation at University of California, Los Angeles, 1999.
83. M. Rahman and M. A. Stuchly, “Transmission line - periodic circuit representation of planar microwave photonic bandgap structures,” Microwave and Optical Tech. Lett, vol. 30, no. 1, 15-19, 2001.
84. D. M. Pozar, Microwave Engineering, Wiley, 1998.
85. R. C. Coccioli, F. R. Yang, K. P. Ma, and T. Itoh, “Aperture-coupled patch antenna on UC-PBG substrate,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech, vol. 47, 2123-30, 1999.
86. S. Maci, M. Caiazzo, A. Cucini, and M. Casaletti, “A pole-zero matching method for EBG surfaces composed of a dipole FSS printed on a grounded dielectric slab,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 53, no. 1, 70-81, 2005.
87. C. R. Simovski, P. Maagt, and I. V Melchakova, “High impedance surfaces having resonance with respect to polarization and incident angle,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat, vol. 53, no. 3, 908-14, 2005.
88. G. Gampala, Analysis and design of artificial magnetic conductors forX-band antenna applications, M.Sc. thesis at The University of Mississippi, 2007.
89. M. A. Jensen, Time-Domain Finite-Difference Methods in Electromagnetics: Application to Personal Communication, Ph.D. dissertation at University of California, Los Angeles, 1994.
90. F. Yang and Y. Rahmat-Samii, “Microstrip antennas integrated with electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) structures: a low mutual coupling design for array applications,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag, vol. 51, no. 10, part 2, 2936-46, 2003.
91. D. K. Cheng, Field and Wave Electromagnetics, 2nd edn., Addison-Wesley, 1992.
92. K. Zhang and D. Li, Electromagnetic Theory for Microwaves and Optoelectronics, 2nd edn., Publishing House of Electronics Industry, 2001.
93. L. Brillouin, Wave Propagation in Periodic Structures, 2nd edn., Dover Publications, 2003.
94. F. Yang and Y. Rahmat-Samii, “Reflection phase characterizations of the EBG ground plane for low profile wire antenna applications,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 51, no. 10, 2691-703, October 2003.
95. H. Mosallaei and Y. Rahmat-Samii, “Periodic bandgap and effective dielectric materials in electromagnetics: characterization and applications in nanocavities and waveguides,” IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagation, vol. 51, no. 3, 549-63, 2003.
96. F. Yang, J. Chen, Q. Rui, and A. Elsherbeni, “A simple and efficient FDTD/PBC algorithm for periodic structure analysis,” Radio Sci., vol. 42, no. 4, RS4004, 2007.
97. P-S. Kildal, “Artificially soft and hard surfaces in electromagnetics,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag, vol. 38, no. 10, 1537-44, 1990.
98. Z. Ying, P-S. Kildal, and A.-A. Kishk, “Bandwidth of some artificially soft surfaces,” IEEE APS. Int. Symp. Dig., vol. 1, pp. 390-3, Newport, CA, June 1995.
99. E. Lier and P-S. Kildal, “Soft and hard horn antennas,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat, vol. 36, no. 8, 1152-7, 1988.
100. A. Aminian, F. Yang, and Y. Rahmat-Samii, “Bandwidth determination for soft and hard ground planes by spectral FDTD: a unified approach in visible and surface wave regions,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat, vol. 53, no. 1, 18-28, 2005.
101. Y. Rahmat-Samii and H. Mosallaei, “Electromagnetic band-gap structures: classification, characterization and applications,” Proceedings ofIEE-ICAP symposium, pp. 560-4, April 2001.
102. P. K. Kelly, J. G. Maloney, B. L. Shirley, and R. L. Moore, “Photonic bandgap structures of finite thickness: theory and experiment,” IEEE APS Int. Symp. Dig., vol. 2, pp. 718-21, June 1994.
103. D. J. Kern, D. H. Werner, A. Monorchio, L. Lanuzza, and M. J. Wilhelm, “The design synthesis of multiband artificial magnetic conductors using high impedance frequency selective surfaces,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat, vol. 53, no. 1, part 1, 8-17, 2005.
104. G. Goussetis, A. P Feresidis, and J. C. Vardaxoglou, “FSS printed on grounded dielectric substrates: resonance phenomena, AMC and EBG characteristics,” IEEE APS Int. Symp. Dig., vol. 1 B, pp. 644-7, 3-8 July 2005.
105. F. Yang and Y. Rahmat-Samii, “Reflection phase characterizations of the EBG ground plane for low profile wire antenna applications,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 51, no. 10, 2691-703, 2003.
106. A. Taflove and S. Hagness, Computational Electrodynamics: The Finite Difference Time Domain Method, 2nd edn., Artech House, 2000.
107. H. Mosallaei and Y. Rahmat-Samii, “Periodic bandgap and effective dielectric materials in electromagnetics: characterization and applications in nanocavities and waveguides,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 51, no. 3, 549-63, 2003.
108. F.-R. Yang, K.-P Ma, Y. Qian, and T. Itoh, “A novel TEM waveguide using uniplanar compact photonic-bandgap (UC-PBG) structure,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 47, no. 11, 2092-8, 1999.
109. R. Cocciolo, F. R. Yang, K. P. Ma, and T. Itoh, “Aperture coupled patch antenna on UC-PBG substrate,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 47, 2123-30, 1999.
110. A. Aminian, F. Yang, and Y. Rahmat-Samii, “In-phase reflection and EM wave suppression characteristics of electromagnetic band gap ground planes,” 2003 IEEE APS Int. Symp. Dig., vol. 4, pp. 430-3, June 2003.
111. F. Yang and Y. Rahmat-Samii, “Polarization dependent electromagnetic band-gap surfaces: characterization, designs, and applications,” 2003 IEEE APS Int. Symp. Dig., vol. 3, pp. 33942, June 2003.
112. F. Yang and Y. Rahmat-Samii, “Polarization dependent electromagnetic band gap (PDEBG) structures: designs and applications,” Microwave Optical Tech. Lett., vol. 41, no. 6, 439-44, 2004.
113. S. Maci, G. B. Gentili, P Piazzesi, and C. Salvador, “Dual-band slot-loaded patch antenna,”IEE Proceedings on Microwaves Antennas & Propagation, vol. 142, no. 3, pp. 225-32, June 1995.
114. X.-X. Zhang and F. Yang, “The study of slit cut on the microstrip antenna and its applications,” Microwave Optical and Tech. Lett., vol. 18, no. 4, 297-300, 1998.
115. F. Yang and X.-X. Zhang, “Slitted small microstrip antenna,” IEEE APS Int. Symp. Dig., pp. 1236-9, June 1998.
116. B. A. Munk, Frequency Selective Surfaces: Theory and Design, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2000.
117. F. Yang and Y. Rahmat-Samii, “A low profile single dipole antenna radiating circularly polarized waves,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 53, no. 9, 3083-6, 2005.
118. C. Balanis, Advanced Engineering Electromagnetics, Wiley, 1989.
119. J. McVay and N. Engheta, “High impedance metamaterial surfaces using Hilbert-curve inclusions,” IEEEMicrow. Wireless Co. Lett., vol. 14, no. 3, 130-2, 2004.
120. C. R. Simovski, P Maagt, and I. Melchakova, “High-impedance surfaces having stable resonance with respect to polarization and incidence angle,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 53, no. 3, 908-14, 2005.
121. M. A. Hiranandani, A. B. Yakovlev, and A. A. Kishk, “Artificial magnetic conductors realised by frequency-selective surfaces on a grounded dielectric slab for antenna applications,” IEE Proc. Microw. Antennas Propag., vol. 153, no. 5, 487-93, 2006.
122. L. Yang, M. Fan, and Z. Feng, “A spiral Electromagnetic Bandgap (EBG) structure and its application in microstrip antenna arrays,” 2005 APMC Proceedings, vol. 3, December 2005.
123. F. Yang, J. Chen, Q. Rui, and A. Elsherbeni, “A simple and efficient FDTD/PBC algorithm for periodic structure analysis,” Radio Sci., vol. 42, no. 4, RS4004, 2007.
124. Ansoft Designer, version 2.0, Ansoft Corporation, 2004.
125. Y. Kim, F. Yang, and A. Elsherbeni, “Compact artificial magnetic conductor designs using planar square spiral geometry,” Progress In Electromagnetics Research, PIER 77, 43-54, 2007.
126. D. F. Sievenpiper, High-Impedance Electromagnetic Surfaces, Ph.D. dissertation at University of California, Los Angeles, 1999.
127. J. Kennedy and R. Eberhart, “Particle swarm optimization,” Proc. 1995 Int. Conf. Neural Networks, vol. IV, pp. 1942-8.
128. J. Robinson and Y. Rahmat-Samii, “Particle swarm optimization in electromagnetics,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 52, no. 2, 397-407, 2004.
129. Y. Rahmat-Samii, D. Gies, and J. Robinson, “Particle swarm optimization (PSO): a novel paradigm for antenna designs,” The Radio Science Bulletin, vol. 305, 14-22, September 2003.
130. Y. Rahmat-Samii and E. Michielssen Electromagnetic Optimization by Genetic Algorithms, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1999.
131. N. Jin and Y. Rahmat-Samii, “Advances in particle swarm optimization for antenna designs: real-number, binary, single-objective and multiobjective implementations,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 55, no. 3, 556-67, 2007.
132. A. Tavallaee and Y. Rahmat-Samii, “A novel strategy for broadband and miniaturized EBG designs: hybrid MTL theory andPSO algorithm,” IEEE APS Int. Symp. Dig, pp. 161-4, June 2007.
133. N. Jin and Y. Rahmat-Samii, “Parallel particle swarm optimization and finite difference timedomain (PSO/FDTD) algorithm for multiband and wide-band patch antenna designs,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 53, no. 11, 3459-68, 2005.
134. N. Jin and Y. Rahmat-Samii, “Particle swarm optimization of miniaturized quadrature reflection phase structure for low-profile antenna applications,” IEEE APS Int. Symp. Dig., vol. 2B, pp. 255-8, July 2005.
135. A. Aminian, F. Yang, and Y. Rahmat-Samii, “Bandwidth determination for soft and hard ground planes by spectral FDTD: a unified approach in visible and surface wave regions,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 53, no. 1, 18-28, 2005.
136. J. McVay, N. Engheta, and A. Hoorfar, “Chapter 14: Space-filling curve high-impedance ground planes,” in Metamaterials: Physics and Engineering Explorations, edited by N. Engheta and R. Ziolkowski, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2006.
137. J. Zhu, A. Hoorfar, andN. Engheta, “Peano antennas,” IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 3, 71-4, 2004.
138. J. McVay, A. Hoorfar, andN. Engheta, “Radiationcharacteristics ofmicrostrip dipole antennas over a high-impedance metamaterial surface made of Hilbert inclusions,” Dig. 2003 IEEE MTT Int. Microwave Symp., pp. 587-90.
139. D. J. Kern, D. H. Werner, A. Monorchio, L. Lanuzza, and M. J. Wilhelm, “The design synthesis of multiband artificial magnetic conductors using high impedance frequency selective surfaces,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag, vol. 53, no. 1, part 1, 8-17, 2005.
140. D. Sievenpiper, J. Schaffner, B. Loo, G. Tangonan, R. Harold, J. Pikulski, and R. Garcia, “Electronic beam steering using a varactor-tuned impedance surface,” IEEE APS Int. Symp. Dig., vol. 1, pp. 174-7, July 2001.
141. T. Liang, L. Li, J. A. Bossard, D. H. Werner, T. S. Mayer, “Reconfigurable ultra-thin EBG absorbers using conducting polymers,” IEEE APS Int. Symp. Dis., vol. 2B, pp. 204-7, 3-8July 2005.
142. D. Sievenpiper, “Chapter 11: Review of theory, fabrication, and applications of high impedance ground planes,” in Metamaterials: Physics and Engineering Explorations, edited by N. Engheta and R. Ziolkowski, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2006.
143. D. F. Sievenpiper, J. H. Schaffner, H. J. Song, R. Y. Loo, and G. Tangonan, “Two-dimensional beam steering using an electrically tunable impedance surface,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 51, no. 10, 2713-22, 2003.
144. J. J. Bahl and P. Bhartia, Microstrip Antennas, Artech House, 1980.
145. P Bhartia, Inder Bahl, R. Garg, and A. Ittipiboon, Microstrip Antenna Design Handbook, Artech House, 2000.
146. G. Kumar and K. C. Gupta, “Directly coupled multiple resonator wide-band microstrip antenna,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. AP-33, 588-93, 1985.
147. D. M. Pozar, “Microstrip antenna coupled to a microstrip-line,” Electron. Lett, vol. 21, no. 2, 49-50, 1985.
148. T. Huynh and K. F. Lee, “Single-layer single-patch wideband microstrip antenna,” Electron. Lett., vol. 31, no. 16, 1310-12, 1995.
149. F. Yang, X.-X. Zhang, X. Ye, and Y. Rahmat-Samii, “Wideband E-shaped patch antennas for wireless communications,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 49, no. 7, 1094-100, 2001.
150. A. K. Shackelford, K.-F. Lee, and K. M. Luk, “Design of small-size wide-bandwidth microstrip-patch antennas,” IEEE Antennas and Propagat. Magazine, vol. 45, no. 1, 75-83, 2003.
151. X.-X. Zhang and F. Yang, “The study of slit cut on the microstrip antenna and its applications,” Microwave Optical Tech. Lett., vol. 18, no. 4, 297-300, 1998.
152. S. Dey and R. Mittra, “Compact microstrip patch antenna”, Microwave Optical Tech. Lett, vol. 12, no. 1, 12-14, 1996.
153. T. K. Lo, C.-O. Ho, Y. Hwang, E. K. W. Lam, and B. Lee, “Miniature aperture coupled microstrip antenna of very high permittivity,” Electron. Lett, vol. 33, 9-10, 1997.
154. F. Yang, EBG Structure and Reconfigurable Technique in Antenna Designs: Applications to Wireless Communications, Ph.D. dissertation at University of California, Los Angeles, 2002.
155. M. A. Jensen, Time-Domain Finite-Difference Methods in Electromagnetics: Application to Personal Communication, Ph.D. dissertation at University of California, Los Angeles, 1994.
156. G. P Gauthier, A. Courtay, and G. H. Rebeiz, “Microstrip antennas on synthesized low dielectric-constant substrate,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 45, 1310-14, 1997.
157. I. Papapolymerou, R. F. Frayton, and L. P. B. Katehi, “Micromachined patch antennas,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat, vol. 46, 275-83, 1998.
158. R. Coccioli, F. R. Yang, K. P. Ma, and T. Itoh, “Aperture-coupled patch antenna on UC-PBG substrate,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 47, 2123-30, 1999.
159. R. Gonzalo, P. Maagt, and M. Sorolla, “Enhanced patch-antenna performance by suppressing surface waves using photonic-bandgap substrates,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech, vol. 47,2131-8, 1999.
160. J. S. Colburn and Y. Rahmat-Samii, “Patch antennas on externally perforated high dielectric constant substrates,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat, vol. 47, 1785-94, 1999.
161. D. R. Jackson, J. T. Williams, A. K. Bhattacharyya, R. L. Smith, S. J. Buchheit, and S. A. Long, “Microstrip patch antenna designs that do not excite surface waves,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 41, 1026-37, 1993.
162. F. Yang and Y. Rahmat-Samii, “Step-Like structure and EBG Structure to improve the performance of patch antennas on high dielectric substrate,” in Proc. IEEE APS Dig., vol. 2, 2001, pp. 482-5.
163. M. Rahman and M. Stuchly, “Wide-band microstrip patch antenna with planar PBG structure,” in Proc. IEEE APS Dig, vol. 2, 2001, 486-9.
164. M. Rahman and M. A. Stuchly, “Circularly polarized patch antenna with periodic structure,” IEE Proc. Microwaves, Antennas Propagation, vol. 149, issue 3, 141-6, 2002.
165. M. Y. Fan, R. Hu, Z. H. Feng, X. X. Zhang, and Q. Hao, “Advance in 2D-EBG research,” J. Infrared Millimeter Waves., vol. 22, no. 2, 2003.
166. D. Qu, L. Shafai, and A. Foroozesh, “Improving microstrip patch antenna performance using EBG substrates,” IEE Proc. Microwaves, Antennas Propagation, vol. 153, issue 6, 558-63, 2006.
167. M.N. Mollah and N. C. Karmakar, “Planar PBG structures and their applications to antennas,”Proc. IEEE APS Dig., vol. 2, July 2001, pp. 494-7.
168. F. Yang and Y. Rahmat-Samii, “Microstrip antennas integrated with electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) structures: a low mutual coupling design for array applications,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 51, no. 10, 2936-46, 2003.
169. A. Yu and X.-X. Zhang, “A novel method to improve the performance of microstrip antenna arrays using a dumbbell EBG structure,” IEEE Antennas Wireless Propagat. Lett., vol. 2, 170-2, 2003.
170. N. Jin, A. Yu, and X.-X. Zhang, “An enhanced 2 x 2 antenna array based on a dumbbell EBG structure,” Microwave Optical Tech. Lett., vol. 39, no. 5, 395-9, 2003.
171. Z. Iluz, R. Shavit, and R. Bauer, “Microstrip antenna phased array with Electromagnetic bandgap substrate,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 52, no. 6, 1446-53, 2004.
172. L. Yang, Z. H. Feng, F. L. Chen, and M. Y. Fan, “A novel compact electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) structure andits application in microstrip antenna arrays,” IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp. Dig., pp. 1635-8, 2004.
173. Y. Yao, X. Wang, and Z. Feng, “A novel dual-band compact electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure and its application in multi-antennas,” in Proc. IEEE APS Dig., pp. 1943-6, 2006.
174. K. Buell, H. Mosallaei, and K. Sarabandi, “Metamaterial insulator enabled superdirective array,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 55, no. 4, 1074-85, 2007.
175. F. Yang and Y. Rahmat-Samii, “Applications of electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) structures in microwave antenna designs,” Proc. of 3rd International Conference on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology, 528-31, 2002.
176. P. de Maagt, R. Gonzalo, Y. C. Vardaxoglou, and J.-M. Baracco, “Electromagnetic bandgap antennas and components for microwave and (sub)millimeterwave applications,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 51, no. 10, 2667-77, 2003.
177. R. Hurtado, W Klimczak, W E. McKinzie, and A. Humen, “Artificial magnetic conductor technology reduces weight and size for precision GPS antennas,” Navigational National Technical Meeting, San Diego, CA, January 28-30, 2002.
178. W. E. McKinzie III, R. B. Hurtado, B. K. Klimczak, and J. D. Dutton, “Mitigation of multipath through the use of an artificial magnetic conductor for precision GPS surveying antennas,”Proc. IEEE APS Dig, vol. 4, pp. 640-3, 2002.
179. X. L. Bao, G. Ruvio, M. J. Ammann, and M. John, “A novel GPS patch antenna on a fractal hi-impedance surface substrate,” IEEE Antennas Wireless Propagat. Lett, vol. 5,323-6,2006.
180. P Salonen and Y. Rahmat-Samii, “Textile antennas: effects of antenna bending on input matching and impedance bandwidth,” IEEE Aerospace Electronic Systems Magazine, vol. 22, no. 3, 10-14, 2007.
181. P Salonen, M. Keskilammi, and L. Sydanheimo, “A low-cost 2.45 GHz photonic band-gap patch antenna for wearable systems,” Proc. 11th Int. Conf. Antennas and Propagation ICAP, pp. 719-24, April 17-20, 2001.
182. P Salonen, F. Yang, and Y. Rahmat-Samii, “WEBGA - wearable electromagnetic band-gap antenna,” IEEE APS Int. Symp. Dig., vol. 1, 451-4, Monterey, CA, June 2004.
183. P K. Kelly, L. Diaz, M. Piket-May, andL. Rumsey, “Scan blindness mitigation using photonic bandgap structure in phased arrays,” Proc. SPIE, vol. 3464, 239-48, July 1998.
184. L. Zhang, J. A. Castaneda, and N. G. Alexopoulos, “Scan blindness free phased array design using PBG materials,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat, vol. 52, no. 8, 2000-7, 2004.
185. Y. Fu and N. Yuan, “Elimination of scan blindness in phased array of microstrip patches using electromagnetic bandgap materials,” IEEE Antennas Wireless Propagat. Lett, vol. 3, 63-5, 2004.
186. Y. Rahmat-Samii and F. Yang, “Antenna developments using artificial complex ground planes: insights into new design opportunities,” 2004Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference, New Delhi, India, December 15-18, 2004.
187. F. Yang, H. Mosallaei, and Y. Rahmat-Samii, “Chapter 34: Low Profile Antenna Performance Enhancement Utilizing Engineered Electromagnetic Materials,” in Antenna Engineering Handbook, 4th edn., edited by J. Volakis, McGraw-Hill Inc., 2007.
188. Z. Li and Y. Rahmat-Samii, “PBG, PMC and PEC surface for antenna applications: A comparative study,” 2000 IEEE APS Dig., pp. 674-7, July 2000.
189. F. Yang and Y. Rahmat-Samii, “Reflection phase characterizations of the EBG ground plane for low profile wire antenna applications,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 51, no. 10, 2691-703, 2003.
190. M. A. Jensen, Time-Domain Finite-Difference Methods in Electromagnetics: Application to Personal Communication, Ph.D. dissertation at University of California, Los Angeles, 1994.
191. H. Mosallaei and Y. Rahmat-Samii, “Periodic bandgap and effective dielectric materials in electromagnetics: characterization and applications in nanocavities and waveguides,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat, vol. 51, no. 3, 549-63, 2003.
192. A. Aminian, F. Yang, and Y. Rahmat-Samii, “Bandwidth determination for soft and hard ground planes by spectral FDTD: a unified approach in visible and surface wave regions,”IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat, vol. 53, no. 1, 18-28, 2005.
193. F. Yang, J. Chen, Q. Rui, and A. Elsherbeni, “A simple and efficient FDTD/PBC algorithm for periodic structure analysis,” Radio Sci., vol. 42, no. 4, RS4004, 2007.
194. J. J. Bahl and P. Bhartia, Microstrip Antennas, Artech House, 1980.
195. P. Bhartia, Inder Bahl, R. Garg, and A. Ittipiboon, Microstrip Antenna Design Handbook, Artech House, 2000.
196. F. Yang and Y. Rahmat-Samii, “Wire antenna on an EBG ground plane vs. patch antenna: a comparative study on low profile antennas,” URSI Electromagnetic Theory Symposium, Ottawa, Canada, July 26-28, 2007.
197. H. Nakano, S. Okuzawa, K. Ohishi, H. Mimaki, and J. Yamauchi, “A curl antenna,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat, vol. 41, 1570-5, 1993.
198. J. S. Colburn and Y. Rahmat-Samii, “Quadrifilar-curl antenna for the ‘big-LEO’ mobile satellite service system,” 1996 IEEE APS Dig., pp. 1088-91, July 1996.
199. F. Yang and Y. Rahmat-Samii, “A low profile circularly polarized curl antenna over electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) surface,” Microwave Optical Tech. Lett, vol. 31, no. 3, 165-8, 2001.
200. F. Yang and Y. Rahmat-Samii, “A low profile single dipole antenna radiating circularly polarized waves,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 53, no. 9, 3083-6, 2005.
201. B. A. Munk, Finite Antenna Arrays andFSS, John Wiley & Sons, 2003.
202. Y. Qian and T. Itoh, “Progress in active integrated antennas and their applications,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech, vol. 46, no. 11, 1891-900, 1998.
203. F. Yang and Y. Rahmat-Samii, “Patch antennas with switchable slots (PASS) in wireless communications: concepts, designs, and applications,” IEEE Antennas Propagat. Mag, vol. 47, no. 2, 13-29, 2005.
204. F. Yang and Y. Rahmat-Samii, “Bent monopole antennas on EBG ground plane with reconfigurable radiation patterns,” 2004 IEEE APS Int. Symp. Dig., vol. 2, pp. 1819-22, Monterey, CA, June 20-26, 2004.
205. Y. Rahmat-Samii and F. Yang, “Chapter 12: Development of complex artificial ground planes in antenna engineering,” in Metamaterials: Physics and Engineering Explorations, edited by N. Engheta and R. Ziolkowski, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2006.
206. F. Yang and Y. Rahmat-Samii, “Patch antenna with switchable slot (PASS): dual frequency operation,” Microwave Optical Tech. Lett, vol. 31, no. 3, 165-8, 2001.
207. C. M. Allen, A. Z. Elsherbeni, C. E. Smith, C-W P. Huang, and K. F. Lee, “Tapered meander slot antenna for dual band personal wireless communication systems,” Microwave Optical Tech. Lett., vol. 36, no. 5, 381-5, 2003.
208. “Display located antenna specifications,” DELL Specification No. X1579, June 2003.
209. F. Yang, V Demir, D. Elsherbeni, A. Elsherbeni, and A. Eldek, “Enhancement of printed dipole antennas characteristics using semi-EBG ground plane,” J Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, vol. 20, no. 8, 993-1006, 2006.
210. M. G. Bray and D. H. Werner, “A broadband open-sleeve dipole antenna mounted above a tunable EBG AMC ground plane,” IEEE APS Dis., vol. 2, pp. 1147-50, 20-25 June 2004.
211. L. Akhoondzadeh-Asl, D. J. Kern, P. S. Hall, and D. H. Werner, “Wideband dipole on electromagnetic bandgap ground plane,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 55, no. 9, 2426-34, 2007.
212. J. M. Bell and M. F. Iskander, “A low-profile Archimedean spiral antenna using an EBG ground plane,” Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett, vol. 3, no. 1, 223-6, 2004.
213. H. Nakano, K. Hitosugi, N. Tatsuzawa, D. Togashi, H. Mimaki, and J. Yamauchi, “Effects on the radiation characteristics of using a corrugated reflector with a helical antenna and an electromagnetic band-gap reflector with a spiral antenna,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag, vol. 53, no. 1, part 1, 191-9, 2005.
214. S. Clavijo, R. E. Diaz, and W. E. McKinzie, “Design methodology for Sievenpiper high-impedance surfaces: an artificial magnetic conductor for positive gain electrically small antennas,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat, vol. 51, no. 10, 2678-90, 2003.
215. M. F. Abedin and M. Ali, “Effects of EBG reflection phase profiles on the input impedance and bandwidth of ultrathin directional dipoles,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 53, no. 11, 3664-72, 2005.
216. Francis J. Zucker, “Surface-wave antennas,” in Antenna Engineering Handbook, 3rd edn., Richard C. Johnson, McGraw-Hill Inc., 1993.
217. F. Schwering and A. A. Oliner, “Millimeter-wave antennas,” in Antenna Handbook, Theory, Applications, and Design, Y. T. Lo and S. W. Lee, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Inc., New York, 1988.
218. R. Elliot, “Spherical surface wave antennas,” IRE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 4, no. 3, 422-8, 1956.
219. R. Hougardy and R. C. Hansen, “Scanning surface wave antennas - oblique surface waves over a corrugated conductor,” IRE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 6, no. 4, 370-6, 1958.
220. L. B. Felson, “Radiation from a tapered surface wave antenna,” IRE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 8, 577-86, 1960.
221. F. J. Zucker and J. A. Storm, “Experimental resolution of surface wave antenna radiation into feed and terminal patterns,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propogat., vol. 18, 420-2, 1970.
222. C.-L. Chi and N. G. Alexopoulos, “Radiation by a probe through a substrate,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 34, 1080-91, 1993.
223. G. Fikioris, R. W. P. King, and T. T. Wu, “Novel surface wave antennas,” IEE Proc. Microw. Antennas, Propagat., vol. 143, no. 1, 1-6, 1996.
224. J. P. Kim, C. W. Lee, and H. Son, “Analysis of corrugated surface wave antenna using hybrid MOM/UTD technique,” Electronic Lett., vol. 35, no. 5, 353-4, 1999.
225. T. Zhao, D. R. Jackson, J. T. Williams, and A. A. Oliner, “General formulas for 2-D leaky-wave antennas,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propogat., vol. 53, no. 11, 3525-33, 2005.
226. A. Aminian, F. Yang, and Y. Rahmat-Samii, “Bandwidth determination for soft and hard ground planes by spectral FDTD: a unified approach in visible and surface wave regions,”IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 53, no. 1, 18-28, 2005.
227. F. Yang, J. Chen, Q. Rui, and A. Elsherbeni, “A simple and efficient FDTD/PBC algorithm for periodic structure analysis,” Radio Sci., vol. 42, no. 4, RS4004, 2007.
228. K. Zhang and D. Li, Electromagnetic Theory for Microwaves and Optoelectronics, 2nd edn., Publishing House of Electronics Industry, 2001.
229. F. Yang, A. Aminian, and Y. Rahmat-Samii, “A low profile surface wave antenna equivalent to avertical monopole antenna,” 2004 IEEE APS Int. Symp. Dig., vol. 2, pp. 1939-42, Monterey, CA, June 20-26, 2004.
230. F. Yang, A. Aminian, and Y. Rahmat-Samii, “A novel surface wave antenna design using a thin periodically loaded ground plane,” Microwave Optical Tech. Lett., vol. 47, no. 3, 240-5, 2005.
231. J. Huang, “Circularly polarized conical patterns from circular microstrip antennas,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 32, 991-4, 1984.
232. L. Economou and R. J. Langley, “Patch antenna equivalent to simple monopole,” Electronic Lett., vol. 33, no. 9, 727-9, 1999.
233. F. Yang, Y. Rahmat-Samii, and A. Kishk, “A low profile surface wave antenna for wireless communications,” IETProceedings Microwaves Antennas & Propagation, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 261-6, February 2007.
234. F. Yang, A. Al-Zoubi, and A. Kishk, “A dual band surface wave antenna with a monopole like pattern,” 2006 IEEE APS Int. Symp. Dig., vol. 5, pp. 4281-4, July 2006.
235. C. B. Ravipati and C. J. Reddy, “Dual-band planar antennas with monopole radiation patterns,”2006 IEEE APS Int. Symp., pp. 469, July 2006.
236. A. Al-Zoubi, F. Yang, and A. Kishk, “A low profile dual band surface wave antenna with a monopole like pattern,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat, vol. 55, no.12, 3404-12, December 2007.
237. HFSS: High Frequency Structure Simulator Based on Finite Element Method, 2004, v. 9.2.1, Ansoft Corporation.