Hegel’s philosophy of reality, freedom, and god

Hegel's Philosophy of Reality, Freedom, and God

Volumn , Issue , 2005, Pages 1-346

  Wallace, Robert M ^a  

^a Assistant Professor in the University Libraries   (United States)

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 84925057800     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1017/CBO9781139173384     Document Type: Book

References (299)

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3. Immanuel Kant, “An Answer to the Question, ‘What is Enlightenment?’” in Kant’s Political Writings, ed. Hans Reiss Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970, p. 54;.
4. Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals, trans. H. Paton New York: Harper, 1964, p. 114.
5. Kenneth Westphal, “How ‘Full’ is Kant’s Categorical Imperative?” Jahrbuch für Recht und Ethik 3 1995: 465-509, in particular pp. 491-509.
6. Robert Pippin’s Hegel’s Idealism: The Satisfactions of Self-Consciousness Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.
7. Will Dudley, Hegel, Nietzsche, and Philosophy: Thinking Freedom Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
8. Allen Wood’s. Hegel’s Ethical Thought Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.
9. Alan Patten’s. Hegel’s Idea of Freedom Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.
10. Paul Franco’s. Hegel’s Philosophy of Free-Dom New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999;.
11. Frederick Neuhouser’s Foundations of Hegel’s Social Theory: Actualizing Freedom Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2000.
12. Stein berger, Logic and Politics: Hegel’s Philosophy of Right New Haven: Yale University Press, 1988.
13. Robert Pippin’s “Hegel, Freedom, The Will,” in L. Siep, ed., G. W. F. Hegel. Grundlinien der Philoso-phie des Rechts Berlin: Akademie, 1997.
14. Justus Hartnack, An Introduction to Hegel’s Logic Indianapolis/Cambridge: Hackett, 1998;.
15. Clark Butler, Hegel’s Logic: Between Dialectic and History Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1996.
16. Pirmin Stekeler Weithofer, Hegels Analytische Philosophie. Die W issenschaft der Logik als kritische Theorie der Bedeutung Paderborn: Schöningh, 1992.
17. Bernhard Lakebrink, Die Europäische Idee der Freiheit: I Teil, Hegels Logik und die Tradition der Selbstbestimmung Leyden: Brill, 1968.
18. Emil Angehrn, Freiheit und System bei Hegel Berlin: de Gruyter, 1977.
19. Brigitte Bitsch, Sollensbegriff und Moralit ätskritik bei G. W. F. Hegel Bonn: Bouvier, 1977.
20. Michael Theunissen, Sein und Schein. Die kritische Funktion der hegelschen Logik Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1980.
21. John Burbidge, On Hegel’s Logic: Fragments of a Commentary Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities Press, 1981.
22. Klaus Hartmann, Hegels Logik Berlin: DeGruyter, 1999.
23. Christian Iber, Subjectivität, Vernunft und ihre Kritik. Prager Vorlesungenüber den Deutschen Idealismus Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1999.
24. Andreas Arndt and Christian Iber, eds., Hegels Seinslogik. Interpretationen und Perspektiven Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 2000.
25. Z. Pelczynski, ed., The State and Civil Society: Studies in Hegel’s Political Philosophy Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984;.
26. Stephen C. Bosworth, Hegel’s Political Philosophy: The Test Case of Constitutional Monarchy New York: Garland, 1991;.
27. Michael Hardimon, Hegel’s Social Philosophy: The Project of Reconciliation Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994;.
28. Robert R. Williams, Hegel’s Ethics of Recognition Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997;.
29. Ludwig Siep, ed., G. W. F. Hegel. Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 1997.
30. Dudley Knowles, Hegel and the Philosophy of Right London: Routledge, 2002.
31. “Hegel on ‘Ethical Life’ and Social Criticism,” Journal of Philosophical Research 26 2001: 571-591.
32. “How Hegel Reconciles Private Freedom and Citizenship,” Journal of Political Philosophy 7 1999: 419-433.
33. Dieter Henrich, Der ontologische Gottesbeweis: Sein Problem und seine Geschichte in der Neuzeit Tübingen: Mohr, 1967.
34. Walter Jaeschke, Reason and Religion: The Foundations of Hegel’s Philosophy of Religion Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990;.
35. Stephen Crites, Dialectic and Gospel in the Development of Hegel’s Thinking University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1998.
36. “gives me no reason for respecting the rights of others if I happen to prefer freedom in the ordinary sense to self- certainty or absolute freedom in the Hegelian sense” Hegel’s Ethical Thought [Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990], p. 92.
37. Robert R. Williams, in his account of Hegel’s Ethics of Recognition Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997.
38. Paul Redding’s. Hegel’s Hermeneutics Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1996.
39. Richard Rorty’s. Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1979.
40. Sigmund Freud, Civilization and Its Discontents, trans. J. Strachey New York: Norton, 1961, pp. 20, 21, 22.
41. “Hegel on ‘Ethical Life’ and Social Criticism,” Journal of Philosophical Research 26 2001: 571-591.
42. “How Hegel Reconciles Private Freedom and Citizenship,” Journal of Political Philosophy 7 1999: 419-433.
43. “Freedom of the Will and the Concept of a Person,” Journal of Philosophy 68 1971: 5-20.
44. The Importance of What We Care About. Philosophical Essays Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989, pp. 11-25.
45. David Hume, A Treatise of Human Nature, ed. L. A. Selby-Bigge Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1978, p. 415;.
46. Bernard Williams, “Internal and External Reasons,” in his Moral Luck Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981, combining pp. 101, 102, 105 quote.
47. T. M. Scanlon, What We Owe to Each Other Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998, p. 372.
48. Thomas Nagel, The Possibility of Altruism Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1970, Chapter 5;.
49. Christine Korsgaard, “Skepticism About Practical Reason,” Journal of Philosophy 83 1986:5-25;.
50. Elizabeth Anderson, Value in Ethics and Economics Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1993.
51. G. F. Schueler, Desire: Its Role in Practical Reason and the Explanation of Action Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1995.
52. Fifteen Sermons, ed. T. A.Roberts London, 1970, sermon II, paragraphs 13-17.
53. Elizabeth Anderson, Value in Ethics and Economics Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1993, p. 139.
54. Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals, Ak. 447.
55. Arthur Schopenhauer, On the Basis of Morality, trans. E. J. F. Payne New York: Bobbs-Merrill, 1965.
56. Friedrich Nietzsche, Beyond Good and Evil 1885, sections 5 And 187.
57. “The Spirit of Christianity and Its Fate” written in 1798 Or 1799.
58. Early Theological Writings, trans. T. M. Knox Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1948, pp. 211-212;.
59. “pathological love” - meaning love as a feeling - is taken from Kant, KprV, Ak. 83:.
60. Marcus G. Singer, Generalization in Ethics New York: Knopf, 1961, pp. 251-253;.
61. Honora Nell O’Neill, Acting on Principle. An Essay on Kantian Ethics New York: Columbia University Press, 1975, Chapter 5.
62. Christine Korsgaard, “The Formula of Universal Law,” in her Creating the Kingdom of Ends Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996, pp. 86-95.
63. Philosophy of Right was in his early 1802/1803.
64. Natural Law, trans. by T. M. Knox Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1975/TWA 2: 434-530, at pp. 460-463.
65. Allen W. Wood in his Hegel’s Ethical Thought Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1990, pp. 161-167.
66. Thomas Reid, Essays on the Active Powers of Man Edinburgh, 1788;.
67. C. A. Campbell, On Selfhood and Godhood London: Allen and Unwin, 1957, pp. 167-179;.
68. Roderick M. Chisholm, “Human Freedom and the Self,” The Lindley Lecture, 1964, Department of Philosophy, University of Kansas.
69. Gary Watson, ed., Free Will Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1982, pp. 24-35;.
70. Peter Van Inwagen, “The Incompatibility of Free Will and Determinism,” Philosophical Studies 27 1975: 185-199.
71. Gary Watson, ed., Free Will, pp. 46-58.
72. Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan, Chapter 21, Paragraphs 1-4.
73. David Hume, ATrea-tise of Human Nature, Part III, sections 1 And 2.
74. Enquiries Concerning Human Under-standing and Concerning the Principles of Morals, ed. L. A. Selby-Bigge Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1902, pp. 80-103.
75. A. J. Ayer, “Freedom and Necessity,” in his Philosophical Essays London: Macmillan, 1954, pp. 271-284.
76. Gary Watson, ed., Free Will Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1982, pp. 15-23.
77. “Two Concepts of Liberty,” in his Four Essays on Liberty [Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1969], pp. 122, 127, 134.
78. Gary Watson, “Free Agency,” Journal of Philosophy 72 1975: 205-220.
79. Charles Taylor, “Responsibility for Self,” in A. O. Rorty, ed., The Identities of Persons Berkeley: University of California Press, 1976, pp. 281-299.
80. Gary Watson, ed., Free Will [Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1982].
81. Susan Wolf, Freedom Within Reason Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990;.
82. John Martin Fischer and Mark Ravizza, Responsibility and Control. A Theory of Moral Responsibility Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
83. T. H. Irwin, “Reason and Responsibility in Aristotle,” in A. O. Rorty, ed., Essays on Aristotle’s Ethics Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980, pp. 117-156.
84. David Gauthier, Morals by Agreement [Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986], p. 10.
85. Jon Elster, ed., Rational Choice New York: New York University Press, 1986.
86. Republic, trans. G. M. A. Grube, rev. C. D. C. Reeve Indianapolis: Hackett, 1992, p. 34.
87. T. H. Irwin, Plato’s Moral Theory. The Early and Middle Dialogues Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1977, Chapter 7.
88. Plato’s Ethics [Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995], Chapters 12-18.
89. R. Kraut, ed., The Cambridge Companion to Plato Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992, pp. 311-337.
90. “deviant men” in Plato’s Moral Theory, pp. 227-234.
91. Elizabeth Anderson, Value in Ethics and Economics Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1993, p. 139.
92. T. H. Irwin, Plato’s Moral Theory, pp. 234-5.
93. Plato’s Ethics, pp. 302-3.
94. T. H. Irwin, Aristotle’s First Principles Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988, Chapter 18 pp. 389-406.
95. A. W. Price, Love and Friendship in Plato and Aristotle Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989.
96. “the motivations of justice” Ethics and the Limits of Phi-Losophy [Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1985], p. 69.
97. Hegel’s Ethical Thought [Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990], p. 164.
98. Kant’s Theory of Morals [Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1979], pp. 29-30 And 86-89.
99. “On a Presumed Gap in the Derivation of the Categorical Imperative,” Philosophical Topics 19 [1991], p. 12;.
100. Idealism and Freedom [Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996], pp. 143-154, atp.153.
101. American Philosophical Quarterly 32 1995: 263-270, atpp. 263-264 and p. 268, Note 3.
102. S. Engstrom and J. Whiting, eds., Aristotle, Kant, and the Stoics. Rethinking Happiness and Duty Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996, pp. 63-101, at pp. 75-79.
103. Groundwork, Ak. 446-447.
104. “experience machine,” in his Anarchy, State, and Utopia New York: Basic Books, 1974, pp. 42-45.
105. “Preliminary Theses on the Reform of Philosophy,” in The Fiery Brook. Selected Writings of Ludwig Feuerbach, trans. Z. Hanfi [Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1972], theses 12, 16, 22, And 23.
106. Karl Ameriks, ed., The Cambridge Companion to German Idealism [Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000].
107. Alexandre Kojève, in his Introduction àla Lecture de Hegel Paris: Gallimard, 1947.
108. James H. Nichols as Introduction to the Reading of Hegel New York: Basic Books, 1969.
109. Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences as theistic. Introduction to the Reading of Hegel, pp. 146-147.
110. Ferdinand Christian Baur, Die Christliche Gnosis Tübingen: Osiander, 1835.
111. Cyril O’Regan, The Heterodox Hegel Albany: State Uni-versity of New York Press, 1994.
112. Glenn Alexander Magee, Hegel and the Hermetic Tradition Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2001.
113. Charles Taylor, Hegel Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975;.
114. Paul Guyer, “Hegel, Leibniz and the Contradiction in the Finite,” Philos-ophy and Phenomenological Research 40 1979: 75-98.
115. Rolf-Peter Horstmann, ed., Seminar: Dialektik in der Philosophie Hegels Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1978, pp. 230-260;.
116. Frederick C. Beiser, ed., The Cambridge Companion to Hegel Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993;.
117. Paul Guyer, “Absolute Idealism and the Rejection of Kantian Dualism,” in Karl Ameriks, ed., The Cambridge Companion to German Idealism Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000;.
118. Rolf-Peter Horstmann, and Michael Theunissen, Sein und Schein. Die kritische Funktion der hegelschen Logik Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1994.
119. A. Ferrarin, Hegel and Aristotle Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
120. André Doz, La Logique de Hegel et les Problèmes Traditionels de l’Ontologie Paris: Vrin, 1987;.
121. Klaus Brinkmann, Aristoteles’ allgemeine und spezielle Metaphysik Berlin, New York: de Gruyter, 1979.
122. Klaus Düsing, Hegel und die Geschichte der Philosophie. Ontologie und Dialektik in Antike und Neuzeit Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1983.
123. Frederick C. Beiser, German Idealism. The Struggle Against Subjectivism, 1781-1801 Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2002.
124. Kenneth R. Westphal’s. Hegel’s Epistemological Realism Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1989.
125. Michael Rosen, Hegel’s Dialectic and Its Criticism Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982, p. 32.
126. Justus Hartnack, An Introduction to Hegel’s Logic, p. 20;.
127. Clark Butler, Hegel’s Logic. Between Dialectic and History, p. 46;.
128. P. Stekeler-Weithofer, Hegels Analytische Philosophie, pp. 126-7.
129. “Hegel, Leibniz and the Contradiction in the Finite,” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 40 [1979]: 75-98.
130. “unexceptionable point that all reality must be characterized contrastively, that in this sense determinate beings negate others, to the notion of determinate beings in a kind of struggle to maintain themselves in face of others, and hence as ‘negating’ others in an active sense,” where what Taylor has in mind is causal interaction. Hegel [Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975], p. 234;.
131. “Quality” In 3. 22.
132. “negation” in his Hegel’s Dialectic. The Explanation of Possibility Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1988, p. 187 n. 49.
133. “presence in it,” to Aristotle’s notion of actuality as the fulfilment of potentiality Aristoteles’ allgemeine und spezielle Metaphysik. [Berlin/New York: de Gruyter, 1979], p. 226.
134. ‘passing away’” Hegel’s Idealism [Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989], pp. 192-193.
135. “You can, because you ought” paraphrases statements of Kant’s in Religion Within the Limits of Reason Alone. translated by T. M. Greene and H. H. Hudson [New York: Harper, 1960], p. 46.
136. Faith and Knowledge 1802.
137. Philosophy of Right § 135.
138. In his detailed critique in his Sein und Schein. Die kritische Funktion der Hegelschen Logik [Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1980].
139. “pro-cess” Theunissen, p. 278.
140. “eternal recurrence of the same” Theunissen, p. 295.
141. “motion back into itself” [Theunissen, p. 297].
142. “unproduc-tive rotation” Theunissen, p. 296.
143. “The bad infinite is the [Hegelian] Method’s hereditary enemy; it is the Kobold that moves whenever a transition is about to take place, and prevents it from taking place. The bad infinite is infinitely tenacious of life; it can be vanquished only by a breach of continuity, a qualitative leap. But then it is all overwith the Method, the facile nimbleness of its immanence, and the necessity of the tran-sition” Kierkegaard’s Concluding Unscientific Postscript, translated by David F. Swenson [Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1941], p. 302; compare p. 103.
144. Josef Schmidt, Hegels Wissenschaft der Logik und ihre Kritik durch Adolf Trendelenburg Munich: Johannes Berchman, 1977, pp. 123-135.
145. Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan, Chapter 21, Paragraphs 1-4.
146. David Hume, A Treatise of Human Nature, Part III, sections 1 And 2.
147. Enquiries Concerning Human Understanding and Concerning the Principles of Morals, ed. L. A. Selby-Bigge Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1902, pp. 80-103.
148. A. J. Ayer, “Freedom and Necessity,” in his Philosophical Essays London” Macmillan, 1954, pp. 271-284.
149. Michael Inwood, A Hegel Dictionary Oxford: Blackwell, 1992, pp. 210-211.
150. J. G. Fichte, The Science of Knowledge 1794-5, translated by Peter Heath and John Lachs Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982, p. 231;.
151. Kierkegaard’s Concluding Unscientific Postscript, translated by David F. Swenson Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1941, p. 110.
152. Klaus Düsing, Das Problem der Subjektivität in Hegels Logik Bonn: Bouvier, 1976, p. 231 emphasis added.
153. Rolf-Peter Horstmann, “Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich,” Routledge Encyclopedia of Phi-Losophy London and New York: Routledge, 1998, vol. 4, quotes from pp. 265-266.
154. “Hegel’s Idealism: The Logic of Conceptuality,” in F. Beiser, ed., The Cambridge Companion to Hegel [Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993], p. 103;.
155. “The Idealism of Hegel’s System,” The Owl of Minerva 34 [2002-2003]: 20.
156. Hegel’s Epistemological Realism [Dordrecht/Boston/London: Kluwer, 1989], p. 142.
157. Karl Marx, Capital. Volume One 1867.3.
158. Robert C. Tucker, ed., The Marx-Engels Reader New York: Norton, 1978, p. 302.
159. “We need only turn the Predicate into the subject and thus as subject into object and principle -that is, only reverse speculative philosophy”: “Preliminary Theses on the Reform of Philosophy,” in The Fiery Brook. Selected Writings of Ludwig Feuerbach, translated by Z. Hanfi Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1972, thesis 6, p. 154.
160. Michael Theunissen, “Begriff und Realität. Hegels Aufhebung des metaphysis-chen Wahrheitsbegriffs,” in Seminar: Dialektik in der Philosophie Hegels, ed. Rolf-Peter Horstmann Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1978, p. 352.
161. Theunissen’s ultra-subtle reading of these parts of Hegel’s text in his major work, Sein und Schein. Die kritische Funktion der hegelschen Logik Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1994, esp. pp. 216-224.
162. Pirmin Stekeler-Weithofer, Hegels Analytische Philosophie. Die Wissenschaft der Logik als kritische Theorie der Bedeutung Paderborn: Schöningh, 1992, p. 427-428.
163. The most influential interpretation of Hegel as an atheist is Alexandre Kojève, Introduction àla Lecture de Hegel Paris: Gallimard, 1947.
164. James H. Nichols as Introduction to the Reading of Hegel New York: Basic Books, 1969.
165. Introduction to the Reading of Hegel, pp. 146-147.
166. Hegels Analytische Philosophie, pp. 118-135.
167. Hegel’s Idea of a Phenomenology of Spirit [Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998], pp. 197-204.
168. “Hegel seemed to be denying any kind of transcendence at least in a non-trivial sense to God” German Philosophy 1760-1860. The Legacy of Idealism [Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002], p.303.
169. “Without the world God is not God” LPR, vol. 1, p.308, n. 97.
170. “Thought and Being: Hegel’s Critique of Kant,” in Frederick C. Beiser, ed., Cambridge Companion to Hegel [Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993], p. 204.
171. Hegel, “there is no reality in anything save insofar as it manifests the divine. This means that the divine does exist here below, but also that nothing here below has any reality of its own: it owes its reality to what is divine in it” If You’re an Egalitarian, How Come You’re So Rich? [Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2000], p. 93.
172. “Preliminary Theses on the Reform of Philosophy,” in The Fiery Brook. Selected Writings of Ludwig Feuerbach, translated by Z. Hanfi [Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1972], thesis 12, p. 156.
173. Kleine Schriften, ed. Karl Löwith Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1966, pp. 126-129.
174. Dieter Henrich, Der ontologische Gottesbeweis: Sein Problem und seine Geschichte in der Neuzeit Tübingen: Mohr, 1967.
175. Kevin Joseph Harrelson, Hegel’s Defense of the Ontological Argument for the Existence of God, dissertation, University of Kentucky, 2003.
176. Walter Jaeschke, Reason and Religion.The Foundations of Hegel’s Philosophy of Religion Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990.
177. Stephen Crites, Dialectic and Gospel in the Development of Hegel’s Thinking University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1998.
178. F. L. Cross and E. A. Livingstone, eds., The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, 2 nd ed. [London: Oxford University Press, 1974].
179. Raymond Keith Williamson, Introduction to Hegel’s Philosophy of Religion [Albany: SUNY Press, 1984], p. 254.
180. Martin Heidegger, Identity and Difference, translated by Joan Stambaugh Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002, p. 72; German text, pp. 140-141.
181. Terry Pinkard’s question: “If we realized that religion, too, could not fully give us what we needed, why then did we still need to go to devotional service?” German Philosophy 1760-1860, p. 304.
182. Aldous Huxley, The Perennial Philosophy 1944; New York: Harper, 1970.
183. Metaphysics, 7, 1072B, 18-30.
184. Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences, EG § 577.
185. Glenn Alexander Magee, Hegel and the Hermetic Tradition Ithaca, NY: Cornell Univer-sity Press, 2001, p. 13.
186. C. D. C. Reeve, Substantial Knowledge. Aristotle’s Metaphysics Indianapolis: Hackett, 2000, Chapter 8.
187. Glenn Alexander Magee, Hegel and the Hermetic Tradition, pp. 8, 120.
188. Michael N. Forster, Hegel and Skepticism Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1989;.
189. Michael. N. Forster, Hegel’s Idea of a Phenomenology of Spirit Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998;.
190. Hans Friedrich Fulda and Rolf-Peter Horstmann, eds., Skeptizismus und spekula-tives Denken in der Philosophie Hegels Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta, 1996;.
191. Kenneth R. Westphal, Hegel’s Epistemological Realism Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1989:.
192. Kenneth R. Westphal, Hegel’s Epistemology. A Philosophical Introduction to the Phenomenology of Spirit Indianapolis: Hackett, 2003.
193. Michael Inwood gives a good brief statement of formal ways in which Hegel’s system responds to the challenge of skepticism in his A Hegel Dictionary Oxford: Blackwell, 1992, pp.264-265.
194. “It is possible to demonstrate by refutation even that [the denial of PNC] is impossible, if only the disputant speaks of something.If he speaks of nothing, it is ridiculous to look for rational discourse … for in so far as he lacks rational discourse, such a person makes himself like a vegetable.” Metaphysics 1006A 11-15; emphasis added.
195. “epistemologically based subjective idealism.” Hegel’s Epistemological Re-Alism [Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1989], p. 143.
196. “Thought and Being: Hegel’s Critique of Kant’s Theoretical Philosophy,” in F. Beiser, ed., The Cambridge Companion to Hegel [Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993], p. 204.
197. “within the confines of his explicit discussions of Kant” p. 172.
198. Errol E. Harris argues with Taylor in some detail in his An Interpretation of the Logic of Hegel Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1983, particularly pp. 106-107.
199. “in order to allow a reference to the errors of Kant and Fichte” Hegel, p. 239; emphasis added.
200. Giacomo Rinaldi, A History and Interpretation of the Logic of Hegel Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen, 1992, pp. 157-158, 309-310.
201. Clark Butler, Hegel’s Logic, p. 77.
202. Charles Taylor, in his Hegel, pp. 244-246.
203. “Fall” Hegel’s Logic, pp. 77-80.
204. Klaus Düsing, Das Problem der Subjektivität in Hegels Logik Bonn: Bouvier, 1976, p. 231;.
205. “Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich,” in Routledge Encyclopaedia of Philosophy London and New York: Routledge, 1998, vol. 4, pp. 265-266 emphasis added.
206. Giacomo Rinaldi, A History and Interpretation of the Logic of Hegel Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press, 1992, p. 178, and compare p. 63.
207. Klaus J. Schmidt, Georg W. F. Hegel, Wissenschaft der Logik-Die Lehre vom Wesen: Ein einführender Kommentar Paderborn: Schöningh, 1997.
208. Dieter Henrich, “Hegels Logik der Reflexion,” in his Hegel im Kontext [Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1971], pp. 111-112.
209. Christian Iber, Die Meta-physik absoluter Relationalität [Berlin/New York: de Gruyter, 1990], pp. 91-93.
210. Georg W. F. Hegel, Wissenschaft der Logik-Die Lehre vom Wesen: Ein einführender Kommentar Paderborn: Schöningh, 1997, p. 57.
211. Christian Iber provides a helpful discussion of ways in which Hegel’s account of identity responds to and criticizes those of Fichte and Schelling as well as their predecessors, in his Metaphysik absoluter Relationalität. Eine Studie zu den beiden ersten Kapiteln von Hegels W Esenslogik Berlin/New York: de Gruyter, 1990, pp. 293-296.
212. “That identity is, in itself, difference, can…only be presupposed on the basis of the contradictory structure of reflection” Das Problem der Subjektivität in Hegels Logik [Bonn: Bouvier, 1976], p. 219; emphasis added.
213. “specifically idealistic…presupposition” Metaphysik absoluter Relationalität [Berlin/New York: de Gruyter, 1990], pp. 372-373.
214. “specifically idealistic” argument Metaphysik absoluter Relationalität [Berlin/New York: de Gruyter, 1990], p. 372.
215. Georg W. F. Hegel, W issenschaft der Logik-Die Lehre vom Wesen: Ein einführender Kommentar Paderborn: Schöningh, 1997, p. 67.
216. Der Begriff des Widerspruchs. Eine Studie zur Dialektik Kants und Hegels Königstein/Taunus: Hain, 1981.
217. Christian Iber’s. Metaphysik absoluter Relationalität Berlin/New York: de Gruyter, 1990.
218. Clark Butler, Hegel’s Logic. Between Dialectic and History Evanston: Northwestern Univer-sity Press, 1996, p. 56.
219. Being and Time, translated by John Macquarrie and Edward Robinson [New York and Evanston: Harper and Row, 1962], p. 174;.
220. Klaus J. Schmidt, Georg W. F. Hegel, Wissenschaft der Logik-Die Lehre vom Wesen: Ein einführender Kommentar Paderborn: Schöningh, 1997, pp. 194-195.
221. “Hegels Theorieüber den Zufall” in his Hegel im Kontext [Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1971]: 157-186.
222. “fundamentals of idealism” for Hegel’s actual argument The Philosophy of Hegel. A Systematic Exposition [New York: Dover, 1955], p. 215.
223. “force” Gewalt Georg W. F. Hegel, Wissenschaft der Logik-Die Lehre vom Wesen: Ein Einführender Kommentar [Paderborn: Schöningh, 1997], p. 208.
224. “excess of immediateness” La Logique de Hegel et les Probl èmes traditionnels de l’Ontologie [Paris: Vrin, 1987], p. 157.
225. Michael O. Hardimon, Hegel’s Social Philosophy. The Project of Reconciliation [Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994], p. 53.
226. “a rather Aristotelian variety of ethical naturalism” [Hegel’s Ethical Thought, p. 12].
227. “ac-tual/rational” dictum Hegel’s Social Philosophy. The Project of Reconciliation [Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994], pp. 57-58.
228. Rudolf Haym, Hegel und seine Zeit Berlin: Gaertner, 1857.
229. John Dewey, German Philosophy and Politics New York: Holt, 1915.
230. Karl Popper, The Open Society and Its Enemies London: Routledge, 1945, vol. 2.
231. Ernst Tugendhat, Self-Consciousness and Self-Determination, translated by Paul Stern Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1986, pp. 311-321.
232. Allen W. Wood, Hegel’s Ethical Thought, pp. 10-14.
233. Michael Hardimon, Hegel’s Social Philosophy. The Project of Reconciliation, pp. 52-83.
234. “freedom has…In this relationship no other content than this consolation of substance, that what is produced is after all substances and that the effects, as counteracting, are themselves causes. This relation…can be applied anywhere that something moves. Who ever called such a thing freedom?.” Logische Untersuchungen [3 rd edition, Leipzig, 1870], vol. 1, p. 63.
235. Josef Schmidt, Hegels Wissenschaft der Logik und ihre Kritik durch Adolf Trendelenburg [Munich: Johannes Berchmans Verlag, 1977].
236. “through the causal relation itself, that is the relation of the accidents among themselves, their inherence in the self-generating totality” Hegel, pp. 288-289.
237. “the causal relation itself,” but from the causal relation as an account of the relation between possibility and actuality; which makes it easier to see how the argument could make headway. And if, as I argued in 4. 6-4. 8.
238. Friedrich Engels, Anti-Dühring; Herr Eugen Dühring’s Revolution in Science Moscow: For-eign Languages Publishing House, 1962, p. 157;.
239. Marx-Engels Gesamt-Ausgabe, vol. 20, p. 106.
240. “Freedom and Ne-cessity,” reprinted in Gary Watson, ed., Freedom of the Will [Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1982], p. 18;.
241. Philosophical Essays [London: Macmillan, 1954].
242. Bernhard Lakebrink, Die Europäische Idee der Freiheit Leyden: Brill, 1968, p. 322 n. 1.
243. Klaus Düsing, Das Problem der Subjektivität in Hegels Logik Bonn: Bouvier, 1976, p. 231;.
244. “Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich,” in Routledge Encyclopaedia of Philosophy Lon-don and New York: Routledge, 1998, vol. 4, pp. 265-266.
245. “Begriff und Realität. Hegels Aufhebung des metaphysischen Wahrheitsbegriffs,” in Rolf-Peter Horstmann, ed., Seminar: Dialektik in der Philosophie Hegels Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1978.
246. “On the Concept in General,” as crucial for understanding Hegel’s relation to Kant Hegel’s Idealism [Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989], pp. 18, 232.
247. “that determinations of value are the preeminent philosophical concern” Hegel’s Epistemological Realism, pp. 113-114.
248. John McDowell, “The Apperceptive I and The Empirical Self: Towards a Heterodox Reading of ‘Lordship and Bondage’ in Hegel’s Phenomenology,” Bulletin of the Hegel Society of Great Britain 47/48 2003: 1.
249. Miller translates, “insofern es deren eben nicht mehrere gibt “as “because there are no more of them” p. 606.
250. Hegel and Aristotle Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001;.
251. Michael Wolff, Das Körper-Seele-Problem. Kommentar zu Hegel, En-zyklopädie 1830 §389 Frankfurt am Main: Klostermann, 1992;.
252. Willem A. deVries, Hegel’s Theory of Mental Activity Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1988.
253. Faith and Knowledge. 1802.
254. F. Beiser, ed., The Cambridge Companion to Hegel Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993, pp. 171-210.
255. “manners, customs, opinions, desires,” etc. 207d-208b.
256. T. Pinkard, Hegel. A Biography Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000, p. 577.
257. W. Jaeschke, Reason in Religion. The Foundations of Hegel’s Philosophy of Religion Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990, pp. 365-367.
258. Karl Ameriks, “Feuerbach, Marx, and Kierkegaard,” in K. Ameriks, ed, The Cambridge Companion to German Idealism [Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000], pp. 260-261.
259. G. Nicolin, Hegel in Berichten seiner Zeitgenossen Hamburg: Meiner, 1970, p. 261.
260. The Heterodox Hegel [Albany: SUNY Press, 1994], p. 382.
261. “in knowing nothing, [man] knows in a way that surpasses understanding” The Essential Mystics, Andrew Harvey, ed, [Edison, NJ: Castle, 1998], p. 188.
262. Michael Inwood, Hegel London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1983, p. 310.
263. Willem A. deVries, Hegel’s Theory of Mental Activity Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1988, pp. 104-106.
264. F. W. J. Schelling, Philosophie der Offenbarung 1841/42, ed. M. Frank [Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1993], p. 133;.
265. Christian Iber, Subjektivität, Vernunft und ihre Kritik [Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1999], p. 204.
266. “Schellings Hegel-Kritik,” in Klaus Hartmann, ed., Die Ontologische Option Berlin/NewYork: de Gruyter, 1976, pp. 117-210.
267. Michael Wolff, Das Körper-Seele-Problem. Kommentar zu Hegel, Enzyklopädie 1830, §389 [Frankfurt am Main: Klostermann, 1992], p. 135.
268. Michael Wolff, Das Körper-Seele-Problem. Kommentar zu Hegel, Enzyklopädie 1830, §389, p. 31.
269. I. Fetscher, Hegel’s Lehre vom Menschen. Kommentar zu den §§387 bis 482 der Enzyklopädie der Philosophischen Wissenschaften [Stuttgart-Bad Canstatt: Frommann-Holzboog, 1970], p. 49.
270. “Freedom and Constraint by Norms,” American Philosophical Quarterly 16 [1979], p. 192.
271. “to be a self…Is to be taken or treated as one by those one takes or treats as one; to be recognized by those one recognizes” Tales of the Mighty Dead. Historical Essays on the Metaphysics of Inten-tionality [Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2002], pp. 216-217.
272. “enduring community consensus theory of truth…According to which the very nature of truth is such that it is necessary and sufficient for a claim’s truth that it be agreed upon and continue to be agreed upon by a community or a communal tradition” Hegel’s Idea of a Phenomenology of Spirit [Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998], p. 226.
273. Hegel’s Idea, p. 250.
274. Paul Redding’s. Hegel’s Hermeneutics Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1996.
275. Hegel’s Hermeneutics, pp. 156-165.
276. Robert R. Williams, Hegel’s Ethics of Recognition Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997, gives a useful discussion pp. 300-312.
277. Michael N. Forster, Hegel’s Idea of a Phenomenology of Spirit Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998, p. 4;.
278. Das Körper-Seele-Problem. Kommentar zu Hegel, Enzyklopädie 1830, §389 Frankfurt am Main: Klostermann, 1992.
279. “supersession” Aufhebung p. 74.
280. N. Block, ed., Readings in the Philosophy of Psychology Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1980, pp. 134-143.
281. Putnam’s. Mind, Language, and Reality, Philosophical Papers, vol. 2 [Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975].
282. “we have what we always wanted - an autonomous mental life. And we need no mysteries, no ghostly agents, no élan vital to have it” p. 142.
283. “Diderot and Descartes were both wrong in assuming that if we are matter, or our souls are material, then there is a physical explanation for our behavior” p. 137; emphasis added.
284. “mechanical memory” in His Hegel’s Theory of Mental Activity Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1988, pp. 157-163.
285. Karl Marx, Critique of Hegel’s ‘Philosophy of Right,’ ed. Joseph O’Malley [Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970], pp. 76-78;.
286. Rousseau, Emile, translated by Allan Bloom New York: Basic Books, 1979, p. 40.
287. Benjamin Constant, The Spirit of Conquest and Usurpation 1814, Part II, secs. 6-9.
288. “The Liberty of the Ancients Compared to that of the Moderns” 1819, both in His Political Writings, ed. Biancamaria Fontana Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.
289. “How Hegel Reconciles Private Freedom with Citizenship,” Journal of Political Philosophy 7 1999: 419-433.
290. Stephen C. Bosworth, Hegel’s Political Philosophy: The Test Case of Constitutional Monarchy New York: Garland, 1991.
291. Hermann Drüe, et al., Hegels ‘Enzyklopädie der philosophischen W issenschaften’ 1830. Ein Kommentar zum Systemgrundriß Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 2000, pp. 375-501.
292. “Christian state…founded on the institution of the Church,” in his Signatur des Zeitalters 1820-1823.
293. Friedrich Schlegel Kritische Ausgabe 7: 561.
294. Allen Wood, in the H. B. Nisbet translation of Hegel’s. Philosophy of Right [Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991], p. 460, n. 12.
295. Hermann Drüe, et al., Hegels ‘Enzyklopädie der philosophischen Wissenschaften’ 1830. Ein Kommentar zum System-grundriß Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 2000, pp. 317-374.
296. Hegel, Vorlesungen. Ausgewählte Manuskripte und Nachschriften Hamburg: Meiner, 1983 ff., vol. 2, p. 180.
297. John W. Burbidge, Hegel on Logic and Religion. The Reasonableness of Christianity Albany: SUNY Press, 1992, p. 132.
298. The Complete Works of Aristotle, ed. Jonathan Barnes [Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984], 2: 1695.
299. Hermann Dröe, et al., Hegels ‘Enzyklopädie der philosophischen Wissenschaften’ 1830. Ein Kommentar zum Systemgrundriß [Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 2000], pp. 478-486.