The Enlightenment Bible: Translation, scholarship, culture

The Enlightenment Bible: Translation, Scholarship, Culture

Volumn , Issue , 2013, Pages 1-273

  Sheehan, Jonathan ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 84924856843     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (488)

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173. Erich Seeberg, Gottfried Arnold: Die Wissenschaft und die Mystik seiner Zeit (Darmstadt, 1964), 227
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187. Agatha Kobuch, Zensur und Aufklärung in Kursachsen: Ideologische Strömungen und politische Meinungen zur Zeit der sächsisch-polnischen Union (1697-1763) (Weimar, 1988), 110-11.
188. Hans-Jürgen Schrader, Literaturproduktion und Büchermarkt des radikalen Pietismus (Göttingen, 1989), 570-78.
189. Brecht, "Die Berleburger Bibel: Hinweise zu ihrem Verständnis," Pietismus und Neuzeit, 8 (1982): 177.
190. Lilienthal, Biblisch-Exegetische Bibliothek, 103-104.
191. Johann Franciscus Buddeus, Isagoge, 1369.
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193. Albrecht Ritschl, Geschichte des Pietismus (Bonn, 1884), 2:365.
194. Timotheus Philadelphus, Johann Kayser, Das Neue Testament nach dem Buchstaben und buchstäblichen Verstand des Grund-Textes übersetzt (1735).
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196. Friedrich Andrea Hallbauer, Animadversiones theologicae in licentiam, novas easque germanicas Sacri Codicis versiones codendi ( Jena, 1741), 84-85.
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207. Dieter Gutzen, "Poesie der Bibel: Beobachtungen zu ihrer Entdeckung und ihrer Intepretation im 18 Jahrhundert," (Ph. D. diss., Universität Bonn, 1972), 43.
208. Philip Jakob Spener, Pia desideria, trans. Theodore G.Tappert (Philadelphia, 1964), 56.
209. Adolph Harnack, Geschichte der königlichen preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (Berlin, 1900), 2:263.
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220. Johann Semler, Abhandlung von freier Untersuchung des Canon (Halle, 1771), 1:73, 88.
221. Eichhorn, Allgemeine Bibliothek, 5.1 (1793): 75.
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225. W. Reginald Ward, The Protestant Evangelical Awakening (Cambridge, 1992).
226. John Wesley, Explanatory Notes upon the New Testament (1755, 1954), 7.
227. Horton Davies,Worship and Theology in England (Princeton, 1961), 3:179.
228. Isabel Rivers, Reason, Grace, and Sentiment: A Study of the Language of Religion and Ethics in England, 1660-1780 (Cambridge, 1991), 1:239.
229. Robin Scroggs, "John Wesley As Biblical Scholar," Journal of Bible and Religion 28 (1960): 417.
230. John Wesley, "The Scripture Way of Salvation," in Works, 2:156.
231. Johann Albrecht Bengel, Das Neue Testament (Stuttgart, 1753), xi.
232. Martin Klauber, "Between Protestant Orthodoxy and Rationalism: Fundamental Articles in the Early Career of Jean LeClerc," Journal of the History of Ideas 54 (October 1993): 628.
233. Jean Le Clerc, Five Letters Concerning the Inspiration of the Holy Scriptures (n.p., 1690), 125, 114.
234. Johann Albrecht Bengel, Prodromus Novi Testamenti Graeci recte cauteque adornandi (Stuttgart, 1725), xvii.
235. Kurt Aland, "Johann Albrecht Bengel als Textkritiker," Bericht der Stiftung zur Förderung der neutestamentlichen Textforschung für die Jahre 1985 bis 1987 (Münster, 1988), 9-22.
236. Gottfried Mälzer, Johann Albrecht Bengel: Leben und Werk (Stuttgart, 1970), 156
237. J. Ch. Fr. Burk, ed., Dr. Johann Albrecht Bengel's literarischer Briefwechsel (Stuttgart, 1836), 76.
238. E. J. Kenney, The Classical Text: Aspects of Editing in the Age of the Printed Book (Berkeley, 1974), 29.
239. Francois Laplanche, L'Écriture, le sacré, et l'histoire: Erudit et politiques protestants devant la Bible en France au XVIIe siècle (Amsterdam, 1986), 211
240. Johann Albrecht Bengel, Gnomon Novi Testamenti in quo ex nativa verborum vi, simplicitas, profunditas, concinnitas, salubritas sensuum coelestium indicatur (Tübingen, 1742)
241. Johann Wettstein, "Animadversiones et cautiones ad examen Variarum Lectionum N.T. necessariae," in Libelli in Crisin atque Interpretationem Novi Testamenti, ed. Johann Salomo Semler (Halle, 1764), 99.
242. Bengel, "Apparatus criticus," 380, 387. See Martin West, Textual Criticism and Editorial Technique (Stuttgart, 1973), 32
243. Ludwig Traube, "Geschichte und Grundlagen der Paläographie und Handschriftenkunde," Vorlesungen und Abhandlungen (Munich, 1909), 1:19.
244. Blandine Barret-Kriegel, Jean Mabillon (Paris, 1988).
245. Martin Brecht, "Der Württembergische Pietismus," Geschichte des Pietismus, Band II, 230-37
246. Hartmut Lehmann, Pietismus und weltliche Ordnung in Württemberg vom 17. bis zum 20. Jahrhundert (Stuttgart, 1969), 40-51.
247. Christian Thomasius, Gedanken oder Monatsgespräche über allerhand neue Bücher (Halle, 1688), 2:614.
248. Lord Bolingbroke, Letters on the Study and Use of History, in Works (London, 1844), 2:217
249. Reinhart Koselleck, Critique and Crisis: Enlightenment and the Pathogenesis of Modern Society (Cambridge, MA, 1988).
250. Jonathan Swift, "The Battle of the Books" [1710], in A Tale of a Tub with Other Early Works, 1696-1707, ed. Herbert Davis (Oxford, 1957), 153.
251. John Edwin Sandys, A History of Classical Scholarship (New York, 1967), 2:406.
252. Friedrich Schleiermacher,Hermeneutik und Kritik, ed. Manfred Frank (Frankfurt a. M., 1977), 255.
253. Bruce Metzger, Text of the New Testament, 99-100.
254. Gottfried Arnold, Unpartheyische Kirchen- und Ketzer-Geschichte (Frankfurt a. M., 1699)
255. Christoph August Heumann, Das Neue Testament (Hannover, 1748), 2:xxii.
256. Bruce Metzger, A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament (London, 1971), 16-17.
257. Johann Adam Osiander, Schediasma Criticum, quo authentia clausulae orationis dominicae rationibus selectoribus asseritur . . . (Tübingen, [1737])
258. Sigismund Jacob Baumgarten, Authentiam Doxologiae Matth. VI. Com. XIII (Halle, 1753).
259. Jürgen Habermas, The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere (Cambridge, MA, 1989), 41.
260. Johann Melchior Krafft, Prodromus historiae versionis Germanicae Bibliorum (Hamburg, 1714-16)
261. Christian Reineccius, Vertheitigung der Teutschen Bibel Lutheri (Leipzig, 1718)
262. Johann Georg Palm, Historie der deutschen Bibel-Uebersetzung Martini Lutheri (Halle, 1772)
263. Johann Melchior Goeze, Sorgfältige und genaue Vergleichung der Original-Ausgaben der Uebersetzung der Heiligen Schrift (Hamburg, 1777)
264. Georg Martin Panzer, Entwurf einer vollständigen Geschichte der deutschen Bibelübersetzung D. Martin Luthers (Nuremberg, 1791).
265. Erich Beyreuther, Der junge Zinzendorf (Marburg am der Lahn, 1957)
266. Zinzendorf und die Christenheit, 1732-1760 (Marburg am der Lahn, 1961).
267. Johann Eichhorn, Allgemeine Bibliothek der biblischen Litteratur (Leipzig, 1793), 5:49.
268. Johann Semler, Apparatus ad liberalem Novi Testamenti interpretationem (Halle, 1767), 45.
269. Bengel, Prodromus, xvi.
270. Werner Kümmel, The New Testament: The History of the Investigation of Its Problems (New York, 1972), 64.
271. Gottfied Hornig, Johann Salomo Semler: Studien zu Leben und Werk des Hallenser Aufklärungstheologen (Tübingen, 1996), 167.
272. Anonymous review of George Christian Knapp's Psalms translation, Allgemeine deutsche Bibliothek 42.1 (1780): 32.
273. Friedrich Walther, Probe und Ankundigung einer Uebersetzung der kleinen Propheten (Stendal, 1779), 8
274. Eamonn O'Doherty, "Conjectures of Jean Astruc, 1753," Catholic Biblical Quarterly 15 ( July 1953): 300-304.
275. Karl Lachmann, "Rechenschaft über seine Ausgabe des Neuen Testaments," Theologische Studien und Kritiken 3 (1830): 818.
276. Luigi Salvatorelli, "From Locke to Reitzenstein: The Historical Investigations of the Origins of Christianity," Harvard Theological Review 22 (1929): 270.
277. Edward Harwood, A Liberal Translation of the New Testament (London, 1768), 15.
278. John Dryden, Ovid's Epistles (London, 1680)
279. Judith Sloman, Dryden: The Poetics of Translation (Toronto, 1985)
280. William Frost, Dryden and the Art of Translation (New Haven, 1955).
281. Thomas Chubb, "Remarks on the Scriptures," Posthumous Works of Thomas Chubb (London, 1768), 1:8.
282. Henning Graf Reventlow, The Authority of the Bible and the Rise of the Modern World (Philadelphia, 1984), 384
283. Thomas Chubb, "An Enquiry Concerning Sin," in A Collection of Tracts on Various Subjects (London, 1730), 105
284. Johan van der Zande, "The Microscope of Experience: Christian Garve's Translation of Cicero's De Officiis (1783)," Journal of the History of the Ideas 59 (January 1998): 75-94.
285. Kant, "What Is Enlightenment?" in Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals, trans. Lewis Beck (Indianapolis, 1959), 92, 88.
286. Helmut König, Zur Geschichte der Nationalerziehung in Deutschland im letzten Drittel des 18. Jahrhunderts (Berlin, 1960), 40.
287. Paul S. Spalding, Seize the Book, Jail the Author: Johann Lorenz Schmidt and Censorship in Eighteenth-Century Germany (West Lafayette, IN, 1998)
288. Johann Nicolaus Sinnhold, Historische Nachricht von der bekanten und verruffenen sogenannten Wertheimischen Bibel (Erfurt, 1737), 37.
289. Johann Zedler, Grosses vollstandiges Universal Lexicon aller Wissenschaften und Kunste (Leipzig, 1748), 55:603.
290. Joachim Lange, Der philosophische Religions-Spötter in dem ersten Theile des Wertheimischen Bibel-Wercks entlarvet, 2nd ed. (Leipzig and Halle, 1736), 8.
291. Baruch Spinoza, Sittenlehre: widerleget von dem beruhmten Weltweisen unserer Zeit Herrn Christian Wolf (Frankfurt and Leipzig, 1744).
292. Johann Sinnhold, Fortgesetzte Historische Nachricht von der bekannten und verruffenen sogenannten Wertheimischen Bibel (Erfurt, 1738), 106
293. Walch, Historische und Theologische Einleitung in die Religionsstreitigkeiten der Evangelisch-Lutherischen Kirche ( Jena, 1739), 5:1297
294. Joachim Lange, Anmerckungen über die freye Ubersetzung des ersten Theils der Göttlichen Schriften (Wittenberg, 1735), 14.
295. Schmidt, Die fest gegründete Wahrheit der Vernunft und Religion . . . [1735], in: Samlung, 84.
296. Locke, Educational Writings, ed. James L. Axtell (Cambridge, 1968), 315.
297. Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (New York, 1959), 2:161
298. Thomas Laqueur, Religion and Respectability: Sunday Schools and Working-Class Culture, 1780-1850 (New Haven, 1976)
299. Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Émile, or On Education, trans. Allan Bloom (New York, 1979), 89
300. Friedrich Paulsen, Geschichte des gelehrten Unterrichts (Berlin, 1921), 2:51
301. Johann Basedow, Methodischer Unterricht der Jugend in der Religion und Sittenlehre der Vernunft (Altona, 1764), xv-xvi.
302. Basedow, Methodischer Unterricht in der überzeugenden Erkenntniss der biblischen Religion (Altona, 1764), 6-7.
303. Ruth Bottigheimer, The Bible for Children: From the Age of Gutenberg to the Present (New Haven, 1996), 44.
304. Ludwig Fertig, Campes politische Erzeihung: Eine Einführung in die Pädagogik der Aufklärung (Darmstadt, 1977), 73-74
305. Albert Schweitzer, The Quest of the Historical Jesus (New York, 1948), 21
306. Colin Brown, Jesus in European Protestant Thought, 1778-1860 (Durham, NC: Labyrinth, 1985).
307. Hermann Samuel Reimarus, Von dem Zwecke Jesu und seiner Jünger, 2nd ed. (Berlin, 1784), 16.
308. Johann Ulrich, Ueber den Religionszustand in den preussischen Staaten seit der Regierung Friedrich der Grossen (Leipzig, 1778), 1:227.
309. Bahrdt, Geschichte seines Lebens, seiner Meinungen, und Schicksale (Berlin, 1790-91), 2:236.
310. Johann Herder, letter to Friedrich Klopstock, 5 December 1799, in Briefe (Weimar, 1984), 8:106.
311. Goethe, Prolog zu den neuesten Offenbarungen Gottes [1774], in Sämtliche Werke nach Epochen seines Schaffens, ed. Karl Richter (Munich, 1985), 1.1:695.
312. Christa Kersting, Die Genese der Pädagogik im 18. Jahrhundert (Weinheim, 1992), 71.
313. Bahrdt, Das neue Testament oder die neuesten Belehrungen Gottes durch Jesum und seine Apostel 3rd ed. (Berlin, 1783)
314. Susannah Heschel, Abraham Geiger and the Jewish Jesus (Chicago, 1998).
315. Ernst Lichtenstein, "Die Entwicklung des Bildungbegriffs," in Ulrich Herrmann, ed., Die Bildung des Bürgers (Weinheim, 1982), 167.
316. Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi, "Die Methode," in Wie Gertrud ihre Kinder lehrt und Ausgewählte Schriften zur Methode, ed. Fritz Pfeffer (Paderborn, 1961), 30.
317. Penelope Wilson, "Classical Poetry and the Eighteenth-Century Reader," in Isabel Rivers, ed., Books and Their Readers in Eighteenth-Century England (Leicester, 1982), 80.
318. Dror Wahrman, "Gender in Translation: How the English Wrote Their Juvenal, 1644-1815," Representations 65 (Winter 1999): 1-41.
319. James Kugel, The Idea of Biblical Poetry: Parallelism and Its History (New Haven, 1981), 57.
320. Rudolf Smend, "Lowth in Deutschland," in Epochen der Bibelkritik (Munich, 1991), 43-62.
321. Eichhorn, "Robert Lowth: Lord Bischoff von London," Allegemeine Bibliothek der biblischen Litteratur 1 (1787): 718.
322. Bernhard Fabian, "English Books and Their Eighteenth-Century Readers," in Paul Korshin, ed., The Widening Circle: Essays in the Circulation of Literature in Eighteenth-Century Europe ([Philadelphia], 1976), 119
323. Stephen Prickett, Words and The Word: Language, Poetics and Biblical Interpretation (Cambridge, 1986), 50.
324. George Steiner, After Babel: Aspects of Language and Translation (New York, 1975), 298.
325. Debora Kuller Shuger, The Renaissance Bible: Scholarship, Sacrifice, and Subjectivity (Berkeley, 1994), 71-72.
326. Jacob Katz, Out of the Ghetto: The Social Background of Jewish Emancipation, 1770-1870 (Cambridge, MA, 1973), 42.
327. Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism, 2nd ed. (London, 1991), 14.
328. Peter Gay, The Enlightenment: An Intepretation, Vol. 1: The Rise of Modern Paganism (New York, 1967), 87.
329. Robert Boyle, Some Considerations Touching the Style of the Holy Scriptures, 4th ed. (London, 1675), 4
330. Erich Auerbach, Mimesis: The Representation of Reality in Western Literature (New York: Doubleday, 1953), 64.
331. Edward Young, The Complaint, or, Night Thoughts in Poetical Works (London, 1844), 1:71.
332. Katrin Kohl, Rhetoric, the Bible, and the Origins of Free Verse: The Early "Hymns" of Friedrich Klopstock (Berlin, 1990), 56
333. Richard Blackmore, Paraphrase on the Book of Job (London, 1700)
334. Norton, Bible As Literature, 194ff.
335. On Boileau, see Samuel H. Monk, The Sublime: A Study of Critical Theories in XVIII-Century England (Ann Arbor, 1960), 29
336. Michael Walzer, Exodus and Revolution (New York, 1985), 7.
337. Robert Lowth, Lectures on the Sacred Poetry of the Hebrews (London, 1787), 2:386
338. Jonathan Lamb, The Rhetoric of Suffering: Reading the Book of Job in the Eighteenth Century (Oxford, 1995)
339. Simon Grynäus, Das Buch Hiob: in einer poetischen Übersetzung nach Schultens' Erklärung (Basel, 1767).
340. Johann David Cube, Poetische und prosaische Uebersetzung des Buches Hiob (Berlin, 1769)
341. J.C.R. Eckermann, "Vorerinnerungen über das Buch Hiob," in Versuch einer neuen poetischen Uebersetzung des Buches Hiob (Leipzig and Lübeck, 1778), 28.
342. Hans Blumenberg, "Paradigmen zu einer Metaphorologie," Archiv für Begriffsgeschichte 6 (1960): 7-142.
343. David Hume, A Treatise of Human Nature, ed. L. A. Selby-Bigge (Oxford, 1967), 316.
344. Adam Smith, Theory of the Moral Sentiments, ed. Knut Haakonssen (Cambridge, 2002), 12.
345. Johann David Michaelis, Deutsche Uebersetzung des Alten Testaments mit Anmerkungen für Ungelehrte. Der erste Theil welcher das Buch Hiobs enthält. (Göttingen und Gotha, 1769), 6-7.
346. David Wellbery, Lessing's Laocoon: Semiotics and Aesthetics in the Age of Reason (Cambridge, 1984), 165
347. G. J. Barker-Benfield, The Culture of Sensibility: Sex and Society in Eighteenth-Century Britain (Chicago, 1992), 63.
348. Leonard Chappelow, A Commentary on the Book of Job (Cambridge, 1752), 2:153.
349. Johann Gottlob Wilhelmi, Versuch einer poetischen Uebersetzung des Hohenlieds Salomo (Leipzig, 1764), 6-7.
350. Johann Griesbach, "Ueber die verschiedenen Arten deutscher Bibelübersetzungen," Repertorium für Biblische und Morgenländische Litteratur 6 (1780): 270.
351. Rudolph Smend, "Herder und die Bibel," in Herder, Werke, 5:1318.
352. Christoph Bultmann, Die biblische Urgeschichte in der Aufklärung: Johann Gottfried Herders Interpretation der Genesis (Tübingen, 1999), 6.
353. Frank E. Manuel, The Broken Staff: Judaism Through Christian Eyes (Cambridge, MA, 1992), 271.
354. Andreas Kelletat, Herder und die Weltliteratur: Zur Geschichte des Übersetzens im 18. Jahrhundert (Frankfurt a.M., 1984).
355. Ernest A. Menze, "On Herder As a Translator and on Translating Herder," in Johann Gottfried Herder: Language, History, and Enlightenment, ed. Wulf Koepke (Columbia, SC, 1990), 158.
356. Wulf Koepke, "Kulturnation and Its Authorization through Herder," in Johann Gottfried Herder: Academic Disciplines and the Pursuit of Knowledge (Columbia, SC, 1996), 197.
357. Matthias Heinrich Stuhlmann, Hiob: Ein religiöses Gedicht (Hamburg, 1804), 128
358. Robert T. Clark, Herder: His Life and Thought (Berkeley, 1955), 257.
359. Herder, "Ueber National-Religionen" in Adrastea in Werke, 10:613.
360. Michael Embach, Das Lutherbild Johann Gottfried Herders (Frankfurt a.M., 1987), 23, 36.
361. Edward Breuer, The Limits of Enlightenment: Jews, Germans, and the Eighteenth-Century Study of Scripture (Cambridge, MA, 1996)
362. Alexander Altmann, Moses Mendelssohn: A Biographical Study (University, AL, 1973).
363. David Sorkin, Moses Mendelssohn and the Religious Enlightenment (Berkeley, 1996), 47.
364. Frederick M. Barnard, "Particularity, Universality, and the Hebraic Spirit: Heine and Herder" Jewish Social Studies 43 (Spring 1981): 128.
365. Peter Hanns Reill, The German Enlightenment and the Rise ofHistoricism (Berkeley, 1975), 170.
366. David Katz, "The Hutchinsonians and Hebraic Fundamentalism in Eighteenth-Century England," in Sceptics, Millenarians, and Jews, eds. David Katz and Jonathan Israel (Leiden, 1990), 237-55
367. C.D.A Leighton, "Hutchinsonianism: A Counter-Enlightenment Reform Movement," Journal of Religious History 23 ( June 1999): 168-84.
368. Julius Bate, A New and Literal Translation from the Original Hebrew of the Pentateuch of Moses (London, 1773)
369. David Ruderman, Jewish Enlightenment in an English Key: Anglo-Jewry's Construction of Modern Jewish Thought (Princeton, 2000), 68.
370. Derya Gurses, "The Hutchinsonian Defence of an Old Testament Trinitarian Christianity: The Controversy over Elahim, 1735-1773," History of European Ideas 29 (2003): 393-409
371. Julius Bate, The Examiner Examin'd (London, 1749)
372. Julius Bate, A Defence of Mr.Hutchinson's Plan (London: James Hodges, 1748), 23.
373. Benjamin Kennicott, The State of the Printed Hebrew Text of the Old Testament Considered (Oxford, 1753), 10
374. Kennicott, A Word to the Hutchinsonians (London, 1756), 42.
375. Julius Bate, The Integrity of the Hebrew Text (London, 1754)
376. William McKane, "Benjamin Kennicott: An Eighteenth-Century Researcher," Journal of Theological Studies 28 (October 1977): 452.
377. Michel de Certeau, "Ethno-Graphy: Speech, or the Space of the Other: Jean de Léry," in The Writing of History (New York, 1988), 209-43.
378. Pierre Bayle, Dictionary Historical and Critical (London: Knapton, 1735)
379. Justin Stagl, "Der wohl unterwiesene Passagier: Reisekunst und Gesellschaftbeschreibung vom 16. bis zum 18. Jahrhundert," in B. I. Krasnobaev et al., eds., Reisen und Reisebeschreibungen im 18. und 19. Jahrhundert als Quellen der Kulturbeziehungsforschung (Berlin, 1980), 372.
380. Stephen Greenblatt, Marvelous Possessions: The Wonder of the New World (Chicago, 1991), esp. 73-85.
381. Edward Said, Orientalism (New York, 1979), 137.
382. Johann Schulz, Anmerkungen, Erinnerungen und Zweifel über des Herrn geheimen Justizrath Joh. David Michaelis Anmkerkungen (Halle, 1790-94), 205.
383. Eichhorn, "Johann David Michaelis," 885-86.
384. Schulz, Anmerkungen, 204.
385. Anonymous reviewer, Allgemeine deutsche Bibliothek (Berlin, 1773), 19:345.
386. Johann Fück, Die arabischen Studien in Europa bis in den Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts (Leipzig, 1955), 84-85.
387. Edward Pocock, Commentary on the Prophecy of Micah (London, 1677), 5.
388. Johann David Michaelis, Anmerkungen für Ungelehrte zu seiner Uebersetzung des Neuen Testaments. Erster Theil, Anmerkungen zu Matthäus, Marcus und Lucas (Göttingen, 1790), 29.
389. Robert Wood, An Essay on the Original Genius and Writings of Homer (London, 1775), 146.
390. Edward Gibbon, Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (London, 1954), 5:205, 225.
391. Maurice Olender, The Languages of Paradise: Race, Religion, and Philology in the Nineteenth Century, trans. Arthur Goldhammer (Cambridge, MA, 1992).
392. Michael Murrin, The Allegorical Epic: Essays in Its Rise and Decline (Chicago, 1980), 188.
393. Kirsti Simonsuuri,Homer's Original Genius: Eighteenth-Century Notions of the Early Greek Epic (Cambridge, 1979), 95.
394. Marchand, Down from Olympus: Archaeology and Philhellenism in Germany, 1750-1970 (Princeton, 1996), 15-16.
395. Robert S. Leventhal, The Disciplines of Interpretation: Lessing, Herder, Schlegel, and Hermeneutics in Germany 1750-1800 (Berlin, 1994), 262.
396. Johann Caspar Lavater, Antworten auf wichtige und würdige Fragen und Briefe (Berlin, 1790), 1:128-29.
397. Frank Manuel, The Broken Staff: Judaism through Christian Eyes (Cambridge, MA, 1992), 286
398. Herder, Against Pure Reason:Writings on Religion, Language, and History, trans. Marcia Bunge (Minneapolis, 1993), 88
399. Johann Babor, Alterthümer der Hebräer in Allgemeine Bibliothek der biblischen Literatur 6.3 (1795): 528-29.
400. Northrop Frye, The Great Code: The Bible and Literature (New York, 1982), xviii.
401. Eichhorn, Allgemeine Bibliothek der biblischen Literatur 3 (1790): 82.
402. Norbert Elias, The Civilizing Process: The History of Manners (New York, 1978), 1: 5-6.
403. Goethe, Dichtung und Wahrheit in Werke, 16:527, 526.
404. W. H. Bruford, The German Tradition of Self-Cultivation: "Bildung" from Humboldt to Thomas Mann (Cambridge, 1975)
405. Joseph Niedermann, Kultur:Werden und Wandlungen des Begriffs (Firenze, 1941)
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407. Michael Embach, Das Lutherbild Johann Gottfried Herders (Frankfurt a.M., 1987), 23, 36.
408. Heinz-Hermann Brandhorst, Lutherrezeption und bürgerliche Emanzipation (Göttingen, 1981), 12
409. Claus Harms, "Das sind die 95 theses oder Streitsätze Dr Luthers," in Ausgewählte Schriften und Predigten (Flensburg, 1955), 1:211.
410. David Friedrich Strauss, The Life of Jesus, Critically Examined, trans. Marian Evans (New York, 1860), 18
411. Adolph von Harnack, "Martin Luther in seiner Bedeutung für die Geschichte der Wissenschaft und der Bildung (1883)" in Ausgewählte Reden und Aufsätze, ed. Agnes von Zahn-Harnack (Berlin, 1951), 60.
412. Franz Rosenzweig, Die Schrift und Luther (Berlin, 1926), 17.
413. John Guillory, Cultural Capital: The Problem of Literary Canon Formation (Chicago, 1993), 43.
414. André Lefevere, "Translation: Its Genealogy in the West," in Susan Bassnett and André Lefevere, Translation, History, and Culture (London, 1990), 15.
415. Susan Bassnett-McGuire, Translation Studies (London, 1988), 69.
416. Adolph von Harnack, History of Dogma, trans. Neil Buchanan (New York, 1961), 1:32.
417. Karl Barth, Protestant Theology in the Nineteenth Century: Its Background and History (London, 1972), 457-58.
418. Friedrich Schleiermacher, The Christian Faith (New York, 1963), 1:26-30.
419. Gerhard Fischer, "Die Altpreussische Union (1817-1834)," in Kirche und Staat im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert (Neustadt, 1968), 106ff., 107.
420. Loren Stuckenbruck, "Johann Philip Gabler and the Deliniation of Biblical Theology," Scottish Journal of Theology 52 (1999): 139-57
421. R. E. Clements, "The Study of the Old Testament," in Ninian Smart et al., ed., Nineteenth Century Religious Thought in the West (Cambridge, 1985), 3:111.
422. James Barr, The Concept of Biblical Theology (Minneapolis, 1999).
423. Ferdinand Christian Baur, Kirchengeschichte des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts (Tübingen, 1862), 89.
424. Wilhelm Dilthey, Leben Schleiermachers (Berlin: Georg Reimer, 1870), 378, 420.
425. Johann Fichte, "Die Grundzüge des gegenwärtigen Zeitalters," in Gesamtausgabe (Stuttgart, 1991), 8:325-26
426. Joseph de Maistre, Considerations on France, trans. and ed. Richard A. Lebrun (Cambridge, 1994), 42.
427. Friedrich Schelling, "Ueber das Studium der Theologie," in Die Idee der deutschen Universität, ed. Ernst Anrich (Darmstadt, 1964), 75.
428. David Strauss, The Christ of Faith and the Jesus of History: A Critique of Schleiermacher's Life of Jesus, trans. Leander Keck (Philadelphia, 1977), 169.
429. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, The German Ideology (New York, 1947), 14.
430. Abraham Geiger, "Die Schleiermacher-Feier und die Juden," Jüdische Zeitschrift für Wissenschaft und Leben 7 (1869): 213.
431. Amy Newman, "The Death of Judaism in German Protestant Thought from Luther to Hegel," Journal of the American Academy of Religion 61 (Fall 1993): 455-84.
432. Jacob Katz, Out of the Ghetto (Cambridge, MA, 1973), 105
433. Brian Vick, "Greek Origins and Organic Metaphors: Ideals of Cultural Autonomy in Neohumanist Germany," Journal of the History of Ideas 63 ( July 2002): 495.
434. Anthony Grafton, "Juden und Griechen bei Friedrich August Wolf," in Friedrich August Wolf: Studien, Dokumente, Bibliographie, ed. Reinhard Markner and Giuseppe Veltri (Stuttgart, 1999).
435. Michael Meyer, The Origins of the Modern Jew (Detroit, 1967), 121.
436. David Sorkin, The Transformation of German Jewry, 1780-1840 (Oxford, 1987), 101.
437. Michael Meyer, "Judaism and Christianity," in German-Jewish History in Modern Times (New York, 1996), 2:186.
438. Immanuel Wolf, "On the Concept of a Science of Judaism," (1822) trans. Lionel Kochan, Leo Baeck Institute Year Book 2 (1957): 194.
439. Leopold Zunz, Zur Geschichte und Literatur (Berlin, 1845), 1:20.
440. Meyer, Modern Jew, 159.
441. Ismar Schorsch, "Scholarship in the Service of Reform," Leo Baeck Institute Year Book 35 (1990): 81
442. Michael Meyer, "Becoming German, Remaining Jewish," in German-Jewish History, 2:209.
443. Georg Gervinus, Geschichte der poetischen National-Literatur der Deutschen (Leipzig, 1835), 2:454.
444. Michael A. Batts, A History of Histories of German Literature, 1835-1914 (Montreal, 1993).
445. Thomas Mann, "Kultur und Socialismus" (1928), in Gesammelte Werke (Oldenburg, 1960), 12:644.
446. Ieuan Ellis, Seven against Christ: A Study of "Essays and Reviews" (Leiden, 1980), 1.
447. Isaac Delgado, A New English Translation of the Pentateuch (London, 1789), v.
448. Jeffrey M. Suderman, Orthodoxy and Enlightenment: George Campbell in the Eighteenth Century (Montreal, 2001).
449. Josiah Pratt, Prospectus with Specimens of a New Polyglott Bible (Oxford, 1797), 13, 8.
450. Alexander Geddes, Prospectus of a New Translation of the Holy Bible (Glasgow, 1786), 140.
451. Wakefield, A New Translation of the Gospel of Matthew (Warrington, 1782), 41.
452. Reginald Fuller, Alexander Geddes, 1737-1802: A Pioneer of Biblical Criticism (Sheffield, 1984), 29.
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454. E. S. Schaffer, "Kubla Khan" and The Fall of Jerusalem: The Mythological School in Biblical Criticism and Secular Literature, 1770-1880 (Cambridge, 1975), 22.
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474. John Newman, The Idea of a University (Oxford, 1976), 216.
475. Edward Tylor, Primitive Culture, 3rd ed. (New York, 1889), 1.
476. Philip Almond, The British Discovery of Buddhism (Cambridge, 1988), 12-13.
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478. M. Monier Williams, The Holy Bible and the Sacred Books of the East (London, 1900), 30.
479. Franklin E. Court, Institutionalizing English Literature: The Culture and Politics of Literary Study, 1750-1900 (Stanford, 1992), 78.
480. D. J. Palmer, The Rise of English Studies (Oxford, 1965), 39.
481. Gauri Viswanathan, Masks of Conquest: Literary Study and British Rule in India (New York, 1989), 80-81.
482. Baden Powell, Christianity without Judaism (London, 1856), 41
483. Lionel Trilling, Matthew Arnold, 2nd ed. (New York, 1949), 258.
484. Joseph Carroll, The Cultural Theory of Matthew Arnold (Berkeley, 1982), 93
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486. Cecil Y. Lang, The Letters of Matthew Arnold (Charlottesville, VA, 1996), 4:258.
487. David J. DeLaura, Hebrew and Hellene in Victorian England: Newman, Arnold, and Pater (Austin, 1969), 98.
488. Robert Alter, The World of Biblical Literature (New York, 1992), 194-95.