The whites of their eyes: The Tea Party's revolution and the battle over American history

The Whites of Their Eyes: The Tea Party's Revolution and the Battle over American History

Volumn , Issue , 2011, Pages 1-217

  Lepore, Jill ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 84924762322     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

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247. F. Nwabueze Okoye, "Chattel Slavery as the Nightmare of the American Revolutionaries," William and Mary Quarterly 37 (January 1980): 3-28.
248. Nash, Unknown American Revolution, 119-21.
249. Adam Hochschild, Bury the Chains: Prophets and Rebels in the Fight to Free an Empire's Slaves (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2005).
250. Wheatley, "Farewell to America," in Complete Writings, 62-64
251. A Forensic Dispute on the Legality of Enslaving the Africans (Boston: John Boyle, 1773).
252. Caesar Sartor, "Essay on Slavery," Essex Journal and Merrimack Packet, August 17, 1773.
253. Wheatley, "To the Right Honourable William, Earl of Dartmouth," in Complete Writings, 39-40.
254. Robinson, Wheatley, 39-40.
255. Francis S. Drake, Tea Leaves: Being a Collection of Letters and Documents (Boston, 1884), ix.
256. "Tea Is Brewing: A Guide for Teachers" (Boston: Old South Meeting House, 2009).
257. Ralph Waldo Emerson, "Boston," in Complete Works, 9:215.
258. Young, Shoemaker, 187.
259. Ronald P. Formisiano, Boston Against Busing: Race, Class and Ethnicity in the 1960s and 1970s (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1991), 281 n. 19.
260. Paul J. C. Friedlander, "Bicentennial Reports: Bits and Pieces," New York Times, November 4, 1973.
261. Donald Bremner, "Picking up the Bicentennial Pieces," Los Angeles Times, July 1, 1973.
262. "An Editorial: The Boston Tea Party . . . and this Generation," Boston Globe, December 10, 1973.
263. Peter Anderson, "Faneuil Hall Rally Urged to Demand Impeachment," December 17, 1973
264. [Sarasota Florida] Herald Tribune, December 17, 1973.
265. J. Anthony Lukas, Common Ground: A Turbulent Decade in the Life of Three American Families (New York: Knopf, 1985), 316.
266. " 'Tea Party' Won't Be Forgotten Soon," Atlanta Journal, December 17, 1973.
267. Joseph Rosenbloom and David Richwine, "Rebels Steal Tea Party Show, 'Dump' Oil," Boston Globe, December 17, 1973.
268. Stephen Isaacs, "Boston Tea Party Restaged," Washington Post, December 17, 1973.
269. "Boston Just Say No Party," Boston Globe, July 16, 1988.
270. Bruce Butterfield, "Labor Has Its Day," Boston Globe, September 8, 1992.
271. Dolores Kong, "Doctors and Nurses Plan to Protest at Tea Party Ship," Boston Globe, December 1, 1997.
272. Aaron Zitner, "Tax Code Foes Find Nation Indifferent," Boston Globe, April 16, 1998.
273. April Simpson, "Legislators Dump U.S. Mandates," Boston Globe, August 6, 2007.
274. Mercy Otis Warren, "The Squabble of the Sea Nymphs," in Plays and Poems, 202-5.
275. John Hancock, An Oration Delivered March 5, 1774 (Newport, 1774), 9.
276. Holmes, "The Last Leaf," in Complete Poetical Works, 1-2.
277. Herman Melville, Israel Potter (New York, 1855), 51, 272-76.
278. Young, Shoemaker, 121-79.
279. Fischer, Paul Revere's Ride, 51.
280. Works of Adams, 2:367.
281. Craig Nelson, Thomas Paine: Enlightenment, Revolution, and the Birth of Modern Nations (New York: Viking, 2006), 49.
282. Warren, History of the Rise, Progress, and Termination, 1:87.
283. Josiah Quincy, Memoir of the Life of Josiah Quincy Jun. (Boston, 1875), 363.
284. Nathaniel Niles, Two Discourses on Liberty (Newburyport, 1774), 38.
285. Abigail Adams to John Adams, September 22, 1774, Adams Family Correspondence, ed. L. H. Butterfield et al. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1963-93), 1:161-62.
286. Samuel Johnson, Taxation No Tyranny (London, 1775), 89.
287. Simon Schama, Rough Crossings: Britain, the Slaves, and the American Revolution (New York: HarperCollins, 2005), 8.
288. Cassandra Pybus, Epic Journeys of Freedom: Runaway Slaves of the American Revolution and their Global Quest for Liberty (Boston:Beacon Press, 2006)
289. Woody Holton, Forced Founders: Indians, Debtors, Slaves, and the Making of the American Revolution (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1999).
290. Austin Hess, e-mail message to the author, April 26, 2010.
291. Tony Horwitz, Confederates in the Attic: Dispatched from the Unfinished Civil War (New York: Pantheon, 1998)
292. David W. Blight, Race and Reunion: The Civil War in American Memory (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2001).
293. The Glenn Beck Show, Fox News, New York, January 13, 2010.
294. Austin Hess, e-mail message to the author, April 26, 2010.
295. David S. Bernstein, "Tea Is for Terrorism," Boston Phoenix, April 8, 2010.
296. John Ridpath, "John Ridpath at the July 4 Boston Tea Party Protest." 3 [Boston] Weekly Dig, April 7, 2010.
297. Fischer, Paul Revere's Ride, 76-77.
298. Silver, "Benjamin Edes," 261.
299. Jeremy Belknap, January 1, 1798, in Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society 16 (1878): 371-76.
300. Samuel Lane Boardman, ed., Peter Edes: A Biography, with His Diary (Bangor, 1901), 8.
301. Silver, "Benjamin Edes," 262.
302. James Russell Lowell, "Lines Suggested by the Graves of Two English Soldiers on Concord Battle-Ground," in The Complete Poetical Works of James Russell Lowell (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1896), 97.
303. Van Doren, Jane Mecom, 118, 124-34.
304. Boardman, Peter Edes, 99.
305. Silver, "Benjamin Edes," 262.
306. Morison, Three Centuries of Harvard, 148-51.
307. Raphael, Founding Myths, chap. 9.
308. James Russell Lowell, "Under the Old Elm," in Complete Poetical Works, 364-70.
309. Spencer Albright, The American Ballot (Washington, DC: American Council on Public Affairs, 1942), 16.
310. Charles Gross, "The Early History of the Ballot in England," American Historical Review 3 (April 1898): 458-59.
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312. Robert J. Dinkin, ed., Election Day: A Documentary History (Westport, CT:Greenwood Press, 2002), 1-27, 47-60.
313. Records of the Federal Convention of 1787, ed. Max Farrand (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1911), 2:240-41.
314. Francois Furstenberg, In the Name of the Father: Washington's Legacy, Slavery, and the Making of a Nation (New York: Penguin, 2006)
315. Harry Wiencek, An Imperfect God: George Washington, His Slaves, and the Creation of America (New York: Farrar, Strauss, and Giroux, 2003).
316. Alexander Keyssar, The Right to Vote: The Contested History of Democracy in the United States (New York: Basic Books, 2000).
317. Douglas Campbell, "The Origin of American Institutions, as Illustrated in the History of the Written Ballot," Papers of the American Historical Association 4 (1891): 179.
318. Robert J. Dinkin, Voting in Revolutionary America: A Study of Elections in the Original Thirteen States (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1982), 102.
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320. L. E. Fredman, The Australian Ballot: The Story of an American Reform (Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 1968), 22, 28.
321. Bensel, American Ballot Box, 15.
322. William M. Ivins, Machine Politics and Money in Elections in New York City (New York: Harper, 1887), 56-57, 63-64.
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324. John Crowley, "Uses and Abuses of the Secret Ballot in the American Age of Reform," in Cultures of Voting, 52.
325. Michael Brunet, "The Secret Ballot Issue in Massachusetts Politics from 1851 to 1853," New England Quarterly 25 (September 1952):354-62.
326. Fredman, Australian Ballot, 8.
327. John Henry Wigmore, The Australian Ballot System (Boston, 1889)
328. Philip Loring Allen, "Ballot Laws and Their Workings," Political Science Quarterly 21 (March 1906):38-58.
329. Jerrold G. Rusk, "The Effect of the Australian Ballot Reform on Split Ticket Voting: 1876-1908," American Political Science Review 64 (December 1970): 1220-38.
330. Crowley, "Uses and Abuses," 59.
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332. James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay, The Federalist Papers, ed. Isaac Kramnick (New York: Penguin Books, 1987), 144.
333. Herman Melville, Typee, Oomo, Mardi (New York: Library of America, 1982), 1169-70.
334. George Levesque, Black Boston: African American Life and Culture in Urban America, 1750-1860 (New York: Garland, 1994), 165.
335. Theodore Parker, "On the Boston Kidnapping," in The Collected Works of Theodore Parker, ed. Frances Power Cobb (London, 1863), 5:209-10.
336. William E. Cain, ed., William Lloyd Garrison and the Fight Against Slavery (Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 1995), 35-36.
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338. William Cooper Nell, The Colored Patriots of the American Revolution (Boston, 1855), 5.
339. Paul Finkelman, ed., Dred Scott v. Sandford: A Brief History with Documents (Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 1997), 149.
340. Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates: The First Complete, Unexpurgated Text, ed. Harold Holzer (New York: HarperCollins, 1993), 54, 252.
341. James Ayres, "Busing Foes Take Their Protest to Replay of Boston Massacre," Boston Globe, March 6, 1975.
342. Lukas, Common Ground, 315-17.
343. Nina McCain, "Historian Hits Buildup of Presidential Power," Boston Globe, April 19, 1975.
344. Gary McMillan, " 'Peoples' Rally Jams Concord," and John B. Wood and Curtis Wilkie, "Ford Opens Bicentennial Events Here," Boston Globe, April 19, 1975.
345. Ken Hartenit, "President Gets Cheers, Boos"
346. Stephen Wermiel, "Ford Appeals for National Unity, Ignores Concord Protesters' Boos"
347. Gary McMillan, "Rally More Like a Party with Raspberry for Ford," Boston Globe, April 20, 1976.
348. Lukas, Common Ground, 317.
349. Michael Klarman, From Jim Crow to Civil Rights: The Struggle for Racial Equality (Oxford:Oxford University Press, 2004).
350. Jack N. Rakove, Original Meanings: Politics and Ideas in the Making of the Constitution (New York: Knopf, 1996)
351. Stephen M. Griffin, American Constitutionalism: From Theory to Politics (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996)
352. Thurgood Marshall, Thurgood Marshall: His Speeches, Writings, Arguments, Opinions, and Reminiscences, ed. Mark V. Tushnet (Chicago:Lawrence Hill Books, 2001), 281-85.
353. Jerry Falwell, Listen America! (Garden City, NJ: Doubleday, 1980), 29.
354. Tim LaHaye, The Faith of Our Founding Fathers (Brentwood, TN: Wolgemuth and Hyatt, 1987), 1, 5, 13, 115-16.
355. Benjamin Franklin, Works of the Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin (New Haven, 1797), 84.
356. Martha Nussbaum, Liberty of Conscience:In Defense of America's Tradition of Religious Equality (New York: Basic Books, 2008).
357. Mitt Romney, "Faith in America," NPR, December 6, 2007, http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?story Id=16969460.
358. Frank Lambert, The Founding Fathers and the Place of Religion in America (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2003).
359. Richard J. Ellis, To the Flag: The Unlikely History of the Pledge of Allegiance (Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 2005).
360. Edward Bellamy, Looking Backward, 2000-1887, ed. Daniel H. Borus (Boston: Bedford Books, 1995), 48.
361. Bodnar, Remaking America, 232, 237.
362. Lukas, Common Ground, 317.
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364. John Adams, Papers of John Adams, ed. Robert J. Taylor (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1977), 4:37, 41, 53, 29.
365. Eric Foner, Tom Paine and Revolutionary America (New York: Oxford University Press, 1976).
366. Writings of Paine, 1:19.
367. Diary and Autobiography of John Adams, 3:330-41.
368. Van Doren, Jane Mecom, 128.
369. Van Doren, Jane Mecom, 130.
370. New England Chronicle, July 15, 1776.
371. Pybus, Epic Journeys, 9-12.
372. Klein, "Commemorating the American Revolution," 258, 260.
373. Klarman, From Jim Crow, 428.
374. Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr., Robert Kennedy and His Times (Boston:Houghton Mifflin, 1978, 2002), 234.
375. The Attempt to Steal the Bicentennial, Peoples Bicentennial Commission, Report of the Subcommittee of the . . . Committee on the Judiciary (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1976).
376. "The Great Celebration," Washington Post, July 7, 1976.
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379. Robert Lowell, "For the Union Dead," in Collected Poems, ed. Frank Bidart and David Gewanter (New York: Farrar, Strauss, and Giroux, 2003), 377.
380. Writings of Paine, 1:49-50.
381. Nelson, Thomas Paine, 108.
382. Shipton, New England Life, 425-27.
383. Van Doren, Jane Mecom, 132-33.
384. Gross, Minutemen and Their World, 136.
385. Robinson, Wheatley, 52-64.
386. Pybus, Epic Journeys, 8.
387. Graham Russell Hodges, ed., The Black Loyalist Directory: African Americans in Exile After the American Revolution (New York:Garland, 1995), 111.
388. Pybus, Epic Journeys, 150, 182.
389. Waldstreicher, Slavery's Constitution, 49-50.
390. Minardi, " 'The Inevitable Negro' "
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393. Tudor, Life of Otis, 485.
394. Buckingham, Specimens, 197.
395. Silver, "Benjamin Edes," 264-65.
396. John Keane, Tom Paine: A Political Life (Boston: Little, Brown, 1985), xiii
397. Jane Mecom to Benjamin Franklin, January 17, 1790, Letters of Franklin and Mecom, 338.
398. Mark Twain, "The Late Benjamin Franklin," Galaxy 10 (1870):138-40.
399. Poor Richard's Almanack, 1736.
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401. Nelson, Thomas Paine, 248, 274-75, 281.
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403. Harvey J. Kaye, Thomas Paine and the Promise of America (New York: Hill and Wang, 2005), 171.
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410. Garry Wills, "Negro President"
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415. Works of John Adams, 10:381.
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420. The Glenn Beck Show, Fox News, New York, February 18, 2010.
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422. Royall Tyler, The Algerine Captive; Or, The Life and Adventures of Doctor Updike Underhill, ed. Caleb Crain (1797; repr., New York: Modern Library, 2002), xx-xxii.
423. [Royall Tyler], The Origin of Evil: An Elegy (n.p., 1793).
424. Royall Tyler, The Prose of Royall Tyler, ed. Marius B. Peladaut (Montpelier: Vermont Historical Society, 1972), 178, 185.
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427. Tyler, Algerine Captive, 128-36.
428. Paul Baepler, ed., introduction to White Slaves, African Masters:An Anthology of American Barbary Captivity Narratives (Chicago:University of Chicago Press, 1999).
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430. Prose of Royall Tyler, 43-44.
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436. Christen Varley, " 'Pass the Perry Amendment' Rally," Greater Boston Tea Party, May 19, 2010, http:// greaterbostonteaparty.com/2010/05/pass-the- perry- amendment- rally/
437. Maria Sacchetti, "Tea Party Rally Calls for Senate Amendment on Illegal Immigrants," Boston Globe, May 21, 2010.
438. Massachusetts State Congress, Massachusetts State Congress Journal, 186th sess., April 28, 2010, 3-6.
439. Massachusetts State Congress, An Act Relative to Public Benefits, H.R. 3387, 186th sess., January 7, 2009.
440. Glenn Beck, The Glenn Beck Show, Fox News, New York, April 30, 2010.
441. Glenn Beck, The Glenn Beck Show, Fox News, New York, May 7, 2010.
442. Bill O'Reilly, The O'Reilly Factor, Fox News, New York, May 7, 2010.
443. Langston Hughes, "Let America Be America Again," in The Collected Poems of Langston Hughes, ed. Arnold Rampersad (New York:Knopf, 1998), 189.
444. Jonathan J. Cooper, "Arizona Governor Signs Bill Targeting Ethnic Studies," Associated Press, May 12, 2010.
445. Cynthia Dunbar, "A Christian Land Governed by Christian Principles," Texas State Board of Education meeting, video clip, Texas Freedom Network, YouTube, May 21, 2010, http://www.youtube .com/watch?v=AdhGK9aYjDY.
446. Michael Brick, "Texas School Board Set to Vote Textbook Revisions," New York Times, May 21, 2010
447. "Benjamin Todd Jealous Testimony Before Texas Board of Education," video clip, NAACP Videos, YouTube, May 20, 2010, http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=qQ_T3Z3y4n8.
448. Rachel Maddow, The Rachel Maddow Show, MSNBC, New York, May 19, 2010.
449. Adam Nagourney and Carl Hulse, "Tea Party Pick Causes Uproar on Civil Rights," New York Times, May 20, 2010
450. "Tea Party Candidate Causes Civil Rights Stir," New York Times, May 21, 2010.