Risk stratification by the Appendicitis Inflammatory Response score to guide decision-making in patients with suspected appendicitis

British Journal of Surgery

Volumn 102, Issue 5, 2015, Pages 563-572

  Scott, A J ^a,b   Mason, S E ^b   Arunakirinathan, M ^b   Reissis, Y ^b   Kinross, J M ^b   Smith, J J ^c  

^a IMPERIAL COLLEGE HEALTHCARE NHS TRUST   (United Kingdom)

^b IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^c CHELSEA AND WESTMINSTER HOSPITAL NHS FOUNDATION TRUST   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ABDOMINAL PAIN; ADULT; APPENDICITIS; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; PHYSICAL EXAMINATION; PROCEDURES; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; RISK ASSESSMENT; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX;

ABDOMINAL PAIN; ADULT; APPENDICITIS; DECISION SUPPORT TECHNIQUES; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; PHYSICAL EXAMINATION; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RISK ASSESSMENT; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED;

EID: 84924539043     PISSN: 00071323     EISSN: 13652168     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/bjs.9773     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Bergenfelz A, Søreide K,. Improving outcomes in emergency surgery. Br J Surg 2014; 101: e1-e2.
2. Coats TJ,. Barriers, regulations and solutions in emergency surgery research. Br J Surg 2014; 101: e3-e4.
3. Royal College of Surgeons of England (RCS). Emergency Surgery: Standards for Unscheduled Surgical Care. RCS: London, 2011.
4. Leppaniemi A, Jousela I,. A traffic-light coding system to organize emergency surgery across surgical disciplines. Br J Surg 2014; 101: e134-e140.
5. Leppäniemi A., Organization of emergency surgery. Br J Surg 2014; 101: e7-e8.
6. Eijsvoogel CF, Peters RW, Budding AJ, Ubbink DT, Vermeulen H, Schep NW,. Implementation of an acute surgical admission ward. Br J Surg 2014; 101: 1434-1438.
7. Suen K, Hayes IP, Thomson BN, Shedda S,. Effect of the introduction of an emergency general surgery service on outcomes from appendicectomy. Br J Surg 2014; 101: e141-e146.
8. Davies MG, Shine MF, Lennon F,. Surgical emergencies in Ireland. An audit of the emergency surgical caseload of an Irish district general hospital. Ir J Med Sci 1991; 160: 303-306.
9. De Dombal FT,. Diagnosis of Acute Abdominal Pain. Churchill Livingstone: New York, 1991.
10. National Surgical Research Collaborative. Multicentre observational study of performance variation in provision and outcome of emergency appendicectomy. Br J Surg 2013; 100: 1240-1252.
11. Flum DR, Koepsell T,. The clinical and economic correlates of misdiagnosed appendicitis: nationwide analysis. Arch Surg 2002; 137: 799-804.
12. Blomqvist PG, Andersson RE, Granath F, Lambe MP, Ekbom AR,. Mortality after appendectomy in Sweden, 1987-1996. Ann Surg 2001; 233: 455-460.
13. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Acutely Ill Patients in Hospital: Recognition of and Response to Acute Illness in Adults in Hospital; 2007. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg50/evidence/cg50-acutely-ill-patients-in-hospital-full-guideline3 [accessed 6 January 2015].
14. Howell JM, Eddy OL, Lukens TW, Thiessen ME, Weingart SD, Decker WW,. Clinical policy: critical issues in the evaluation and management of emergency department patients with suspected appendicitis. Ann Emerg Med 2010; 55: 71-116.
15. Reid C, Moorthy C, Forshaw K,. Referral patterns: an audit into referral practice among doctors in emergency medicine. Emerg Med J 2005; 22: 355-358.
16. Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI). Model of Care for Acute Surgery. RCSI: Dublin, 2013.
17. Andersson M, Andersson RE,. The Appendicitis Inflammatory Response score: a tool for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis that outperforms the Alvarado score. World J Surg 2008; 32: 1843-1849.
18. de Castro SM, Ünlü C, Steller EP, van Wagensveld BA, Vrouenraets BC,. Evaluation of the Appendicitis Inflammatory Response score for patients with acute appendicitis. World J Surg 2012; 36: 1540-1545.
19. Yu CW, Juan LI, Wu MH, Shen CJ, Wu JY, Lee CC,. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of procalcitonin, C-reactive protein and white blood cell count for suspected acute appendicitis. Br J Surg 2013; 100: 322-329.
20. Alvarado A., A practical score for the early diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Ann Emerg Med 1986; 15: 557-564.
21. Bossuyt PM, Reitsma JB, Bruns DE, Gatsonis CA, Glasziou PP, Irwig LM, et al. Towards complete and accurate reporting of studies of diagnostic accuracy: the STARD initiative. Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy. Clin Chem 2003; 49: 1-6.
22. Carr NJ,. The pathology of acute appendicitis. Ann Diagn Pathol 2000; 4: 46-58.
23. Bendeck SE, Nino-Murcia M, Berry GJ, Jeffrey RB Jr,. Imaging for suspected appendicitis: negative appendectomy and perforation rates. Radiology 2002; 225: 131-136.
24. Robin X, Turck N, Hainard A, Tiberti N, Lisacek F, Sanchez JC, et al. pROC: an open-source package for R and S+ to analyze and compare ROC curves. BMC Bioinformatics 2011; 12: 77.
25. Rosner B., Fundamentals of Biostatistics (7th edn). Cengage Learning: Boston, 2010.
26. Toorenvliet BR, Wiersma F, Bakker RF, Merkus JW, Breslau PJ, Hamming JF,. Routine ultrasound and limited computed tomography for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. World J Surg 2010; 34: 2278-2285.
27. Hong JJ, Cohn SM, Ekeh AP, Newman M, Salama M, Leblang SD,. A prospective randomized study of clinical assessment versus computed tomography for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2003; 4: 231-239.
28. Lee CC, Golub R, Singer AJ, Cantu R Jr, Levinson H,. Routine versus selective abdominal computed tomography scan in the evaluation of right lower quadrant pain: a randomized controlled trial. Acad Emerg Med 2007; 14: 117-122.
29. Lopez PP, Cohn SM, Popkin CA, Jackowski J, Michalek JE,. The use of a computed tomography scan to rule out appendicitis in women of childbearing age is as accurate as clinical examination: a prospective randomized trial. Am Surg 2007; 73: 1232-1236.
30. Douglas CD, Macpherson NE, Davidson PM, Gani JS,. Randomised controlled trial of ultrasonography in diagnosis of acute appendicitis, incorporating the Alvarado score. BMJ 2000; 321: 919-922.
31. Terasawa T, Blackmore CC, Bent S, Kohlwes RJ,. Systematic review: computed tomography and ultrasonography to detect acute appendicitis in adults and adolescents. Ann Intern Med 2004; 141: 537-546.
32. van Randen A, Bipat S, Zwinderman AH, Ubbink DT, Stoker J, Boermeester MA,. Acute appendicitis: meta-analysis of diagnostic performance of CT and graded compression US related to prevalence of disease. Radiology 2008; 249: 97-106.
33. Andersson RE,. The natural history and traditional management of appendicitis revisited: spontaneous resolution and predominance of prehospital perforations imply that a correct diagnosis is more important than an early diagnosis. World J Surg 2007; 31: 86-92.
34. Andersson RE,. Resolving appendicitis is common: further evidence. Ann Surg 2008; 247: 553.
35. Andersson RE,. Routine ultrasound and limited computed tomography for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis: a surgeon's perspective. World J Surg 2011; 35: 295-296.
36. Kirshenbaum M, Mishra V, Kuo D, Kaplan G,. Resolving appendicitis: role of CT. Abdom Imaging 2003; 28: 276-279.
37. Cobben LP, de Van Otterloo AM, Puylaert JB,. Spontaneously resolving appendicitis: frequency and natural history in 60 patients. Radiology 2000; 215: 349-352.
38. Mathews JD, Forsythe AV, Brady Z, Butler MW, Goergen SK, Byrnes GB, et al. Cancer risk in 680 000 people exposed to computed tomography scans in childhood or adolescence: data linkage study of 11 million Australians. BMJ 2013; 346: f2360.
39. Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons. Guidelines for Diagnostic Laparoscopy; 2007. http://www.sages.org/publications/guidelines/guidelines-for-diagnostic-laparoscopy/ [accessed 1 January 2015].
40. Stefanidis D, Richardson WS, Chang L, Earle DB, Fanelli RD,. The role of diagnostic laparoscopy for acute abdominal conditions: an evidence-based review. Surg Endosc 2009; 23: 16-23.
41. Kim K, Kim YH, Kim SY, Kim S, Lee YJ, Kim KP, et al. Low-dose abdominal CT for evaluating suspected appendicitis. N Engl J Med 2012; 366: 1596-1605.
42. Andersson RE, Hugander AP, Ghazi SH, Ravn H, Offenbartl SK, Nyström PO, et al. Why does the clinical diagnosis fail in suspected appendicitis? Eur J Surg 2000; 166: 796-802.
43. Ahmed MJ,. Incidental acute focal appendicitis in incidentally removed vermiform appendices. W V Med J 1966; 62: 151-154.
44. Onuigbo WI, Chukudebelu WO,. Appendices removed at cesarean section: histopathology. Dis Colon Rectum 1981; 24: 507-509.
45. Song JY, Yordan E, Rotman C,. Incidental appendectomy during endoscopic surgery. JSLS 2009; 13: 376-383.
46. Andreou P, Blain S, Du Boulay CE,. A histopathological study of the appendix at autopsy and after surgical resection. Histopathology 1990; 17: 427-431.