SKINNY – SKIN thickness and needles in the young

SAJCH South African Journal of Child Health

Volumn 8, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 92-95

  Marran, Kerry ^a   Segal, David ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND   (South Africa)

^b University of the Witwatersrand   (South Africa)

Author keywords

Diabetes; Insulin injection; Needle

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGE; ANTHROPOMETRIC PARAMETERS; ARTICLE; BODY MASS; CHILD; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; ECHOGRAPHY; FEMALE; HUMAN; INJECTION TECHNIQUE; INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; INVESTIGATIVE PROCEDURES; MALE; MEDICAL INFORMATION; MEDICAL PARAMETERS; NEEDLE; NEEDLE LENGTH; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PATIENT EDUCATION; PATIENT SAFETY; PATIENT SATISFACTION; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PREDICTION; PRESCHOOL CHILD; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; SKIN EXAMINATION; SKIN TO MUSCLE DISTANCE; SKINFOLD THICKNESS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84924253074     PISSN: 19943032     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.7196/SAJCH.687     Document Type: Article

References (16)

1. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) Research Group. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1993;329(14):977-86. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/ NEJM199309303291401]...
2. Vaag A, Pedersen KD, Lauritzen M, Hilderbrandt P, Beck-Nielsen H. Intramuscular versus subcutaneous injection of unmodified insulin: Consequences for blood glucose control in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med 1990;7(4):335-342. [http:// dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.1990.tb01401.x]..
3. Matsumura M, Monden Y, Nakatani T, et al. Improvement of glycaemic control by reeducation in insulin injection technique. Diabetes 2007;56:Abstract 0157-OR..
4. Thow JC, Home PD. Insulin injection technique: depth of injection is important. Br Med J 1990;301:3-4. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ bmj.301.6742.3].
5. Thow JC, Johnson AB, Fulcher G, Home PD. Different absorption of isophane (NPH) insulin from subcutaneous and intramuscular sites suggests a need to reassess recommended insulin injection technique. Diabet Med 1990;7(7):600-602. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.1990. tb01456.x].
6. Frid A, Gunnarsson R, Guntner P, Linde B. Effects of accidental intramuscular injection on insulin absorption in IDDM. Diabetes Care 1988;11(1):41-45. [http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/ diacare.11.1.41].
7. Owens DR, Coates PA, Luzio SD, Tinbergen JP, Kurzhals R. Pharmacokinetics of 125I-labeled insulin glargine (HOE 901) in healthy men: Comparison with NPH insulin and the influence of different subcutaneous injection sites. Diabetes Care 2000;23(6):813-819. [http://dx.doi. org/10.2337/diacare.23.6.813].
8. Hildebrandt P, Sestoft L, Nielsen SL. The absorption of subcutaneously injected shortacting soluble insulin: Influence of injection technique and concentration. Diabetes Care 1983;6(5):459-462. [http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/ diacare.6.5.459].
9. Lasagni C, Seidenari S. Echographic assessment of age-dependant variations of skin thickness. Skin Res Technol 1995;1(2):81-85. [http://dx.doi. org/10.1111/j.1600-0846.1995.tb00022.x].
10. Polak M, Beregszaszi M, Belarbi N, et al. Subcutaneous or intra-muscular injections of insulin in children: Are we injecting where we think we are? Diabetes Care 1996;19(12):1434-1436. [http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diacare.19.12.1434].
11. Tubiana-Rufi N, Belarbi N, Du Pasquier- Fediaevsky L, et al. Short needles (8 mm) reduce the risk of intramuscular injections in children with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 1999;22(10):1621-1625. [http://dx.doi. org/10.2337/diacare.22.10.1621].
12. Lo Presti D, Ingegnosic C, Strauss K. Skin and subcutaneous thickness at injecting sites in children with diabetes: Ultrasound findings and recommendations for giving injection. Pediatr Diabetes 2012;13(7):525-533. [http://dx.doi. org/10.1111/j.1399-5448.2012.00865.x].
13. Birkebaek NH, Solvig J, Hansen B, Jorgensen C, Smedegaard J, Christiansen JS. A 4 mm needle reduces the risk of intramuscular injections without increasing backflow to skin surface in lean diabetic children and adults. Diabetes Care 2008;31(9):e65. [http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc08- 0977].
14. Strauss K, Hannet I, McGonigle J, et al. Ultra-short (5 mm) insulin needles: trial results and clinical recommendations. Pract Diab Int 1999;16(7):22-25. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pdi.1960160711].
15. Hofman PL, Lawton SA, Peart JM, et al. An angled insertion technique using 6 mm needles markedly reduces the risk of intramuscular injections in children and adolescents. Diabet Med 2007;24(12):1400-1405. [http://dx.doi. org/10.1002/pdi.276].
16. Strauss K, De Gols H, Letondeur C, Matyjaszczyk M, Frid A. The Second Injection Technique Event (SITE), May 2000, Barcelona Spain. Pract Diab Int 2002;19(1):17-21. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ pdi.276].