메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2008, Pages 1-271

Darfur and the crime of genocide

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 84924179193     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511804748     Document Type: Book
Times cited : (213)

References (334)
  • 1
    • 84924106625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Darfur by numbers
    • 4 September
    • Julian Borger, “Darfur by Numbers,” The Guardian, 4 September 2007, http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2007/sep/04/diplomaticdispatch.julianborger.
    • (2007) The Guardian
    • Borger, J.1
  • 2
    • 84924122874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Security council members push to condem sudan
    • June 6
    • Neil MacFraquhar, “Security Council Members Push to Condem Sudan,” New York Times, June 6, 2008, p. 75.
    • (2008) New York Times , pp. 75
    • MacFraquhar, N.1
  • 3
    • 84929731946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tribunal in hague finds a bosnian serb guilty of genocide
    • August 3
    • Marlise Simons, “Tribunal in Hague Finds a Bosnian Serb Guilty of Genocide,” New York Times, August 3, 2001, p. 66–73.
    • (2001) New York Times , pp. 66-73
    • Simons, M.1
  • 4
    • 84924094669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radislav Krstic becomes the first person to be convicted of genocide at the ICTY and is sentenced to 46 years imprisonment,” Press Release, The Hague, August 2
    • Marlise Simons “Radislav Krstic becomes the first person to be convicted of genocide at the ICTY and is sentenced to 46 years imprisonment,” Press Release, The Hague, August 2, 2001, p. 11.
    • (2001) , pp. 11
    • Simons, M.1
  • 5
    • 84924127113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Darfur Destroyed: Ethnic Cleansing by Government and Militia Forces in Western Sudan, New York City: May
    • Human Rights Watch, “Darfur Destroyed: Ethnic Cleansing by Government and Militia Forces in Western Sudan,” vol. 16 (New York City: May 2004), pp. 7–8.
    • (2004) , vol.16 , pp. 7-8
    • Human Rights Watch1
  • 8
    • 84924171360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • “Soil and Oil: Dirty Business in Sudan,” Washington, DC: CIJ, 2006
    • Coalition for International Justice, “Soil and Oil: Dirty Business in Sudan,” Washington, DC: CIJ, 2006, p. 63.
    • (2006) , pp. 63
    • Coalition for International Justice1
  • 9
    • 84900200339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arabs pile into darfur to take land ‘cleansed by janjaweed
    • July 14
    • Steve Bloomfield, “Arabs Pile into Darfur to Take Land ‘Cleansed’ by Janjaweed,” The Independent, July 14, 2007.
    • (2007) The Independent
    • Bloomfield, S.1
  • 12
    • 84924166062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • April 1
    • Paul Wolfowitz as its president. The Wall Street Journal (April 1, 2005, p. 73).
    • (2005) The Wall Street Journal , pp. 73
  • 13
    • 84924118304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In keeping with tradition, no formal vote was taken
    • April 1
    • reported that “in keeping with tradition, no formal vote was taken,” whereas the Financial Post (April 1, 2005, p. 2).
    • (2005) Financial Post , pp. 2
  • 17
    • 0002035795 scopus 로고
    • Is ‘white collar crime crime?
    • Edwin Sutherland, “Is ‘White Collar Crime’ Crime?” American Sociological Review10 (1945): 132–139.
    • (1945) American Sociological Review , vol.10 , pp. 132-139
    • Sutherland, E.1
  • 19
  • 21
    • 33845963977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Underused potentials for criminology: Applying the sociology of knowledge to terrorism
    • Joachim J. Savelsberg, “Underused Potentials for Criminology: Applying the Sociology of Knowledge to Terrorism,” Crime, Law and Social Change 46, no. 1–2 (2006): 35–50.
    • (2006) Crime, Law and Social Change , vol.46 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 35-50
    • Savelsberg, J.J.1
  • 22
    • 84924091603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dead reckoning: The armenian genocide and the politics of silence
    • November 6
    • Elizabeth Kolbert, “Dead Reckoning: The Armenian Genocide and the Politics of Silence,” New Yorker (November 6, 2006): 120–124.
    • (2006) New Yorker , pp. 120-124
    • Kolbert, E.1
  • 23
    • 77956243753 scopus 로고
    • Genocide: A sociological perspective
    • Helen Fein, “Genocide: A Sociological Perspective,” Current Sociology 38 (1990): 7
    • (1990) Current Sociology , vol.38 , pp. 7
    • Fein, H.1
  • 25
    • 0005635695 scopus 로고
    • By what tribunal shall war offenders be tried?
    • Sheldon Glueck, “By What Tribunal Shall War Offenders Be Tried?” Harvard Law Review 56 (1943): 1059.
    • (1943) Harvard Law Review , vol.56 , pp. 1059
    • Glueck, S.1
  • 28
    • 0036563161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Making war criminal
    • John Hagan and Scott Greer, “Making War Criminal,” Criminology 40 (2002): 231–264.
    • (2002) Criminology , vol.40 , pp. 231-264
    • Hagan, J.1    Greer, S.2
  • 32
    • 0005581156 scopus 로고
    • Punishing the war criminals
    • Sheldon Glueck, “Punishing the War Criminals,” New Republic 109 (1943): 708.
    • (1943) New Republic , vol.109 , pp. 708
    • Glueck, S.1
  • 33
    • 84924204305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • By What Tribunal Shall War Offenders Be Tried?
    • Glueck, “By What Tribunal Shall War Offenders Be Tried?” pp. 442–443.
  • 34
    • 84937258393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The nuremberg trial: Fifty years later
    • Michael Marrus, “The Nuremberg Trial: Fifty Years Later,” American Scholar66 (1997): 565.
    • (1997) American Scholar , vol.66 , pp. 565
    • Marrus, M.1
  • 37
    • 84924171509 scopus 로고
    • Subject: Theory of the Prosecution, July 3
    • Memorandum to Justice Jackson, Subject: Theory of the Prosecution, July 3, 1945, pp. 2–3.
    • (1945) , pp. 2-3
  • 38
    • 0004130344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carol Brown Janeway, trans, New York: Vintage Books
    • Bernard Schlink, The Reader, Carol Brown Janeway, trans. (New York: Vintage Books, 1999).
    • (1999) The Reader
    • Schlink, B.1
  • 39
    • 0005639579 scopus 로고
    • Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications
    • Austin Turk, Political Criminality (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1982), p. 21.
    • (1982) Political Criminality , pp. 21
    • Turk, A.1
  • 40
    • 84935322895 scopus 로고
    • The sutherland-glueck debate: On the sociology of criminological knowledge
    • John Laub and Robert Sampson, “The Sutherland-Glueck Debate: On the Sociology of Criminological Knowledge,” American Journal of Sociology 96 (1991): 1402–1440.
    • (1991) American Journal of Sociology , vol.96 , pp. 1402-1440
    • Laub, J.1    Sampson, R.2
  • 42
    • 79954759047 scopus 로고
    • New York: Atheneum, cited in Novick
    • Paul Jacobs, Is Curly Jewish? (New York: Atheneum, 1965) cited in Novick, pp. 40–41.
    • (1965) Is Curly Jewish?
    • Jacobs, P.1
  • 43
    • 84924183416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral History Research Office, Butler Library, Columbia University
    • Harlan Phillips, Oral History Research Office, Butler Library, Columbia University, p. 1206.
    • Phillips, H.1
  • 44
    • 84924108726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The sutherland-glueck debate
    • Laub and Sampson, “The Sutherland-Glueck Debate.” Novick, 1999, p. 92.
    • (1999) Novick , pp. 92
  • 45
    • 25144443929 scopus 로고
    • Genocide
    • cited in Novick, 1999
    • Raphael Lemkin, “Genocide,” American Scholar 15 (1946): 227, cited in Novick, 1999, p. 100.
    • (1946) American Scholar , vol.15 , Issue.227 , pp. 100
    • Lemkin, R.1
  • 46
    • 84935322895 scopus 로고
    • The sutherland-glueck debate: On the sociology of criminological knowledge
    • John Laub and Robert Sampson, “The Sutherland-Glueck Debate: On the Sociology of Criminological Knowledge,” American Journal of Sociology 96 (1991): 1402–1440.
    • (1991) American Journal of Sociology , vol.96 , pp. 1402-1440
    • Laub, J.1    Sampson, R.2
  • 47
    • 0010062710 scopus 로고
    • Critique of sheldons varieties of delinquent behavior
    • Edwin Sutherland, “Critique of Sheldon’s Varieties of Delinquent Behavior,” American Sociological Review 16 (1951): 10–13.
    • (1951) American Sociological Review , vol.16 , pp. 10-13
    • Sutherland, E.1
  • 49
    • 6244238277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pitfalls of universal jurisdiction
    • Henry Kissinger, “The Pitfalls of Universal Jurisdiction,” Foreign Affairs 80 (2001): 86–96.
    • (2001) Foreign Affairs , vol.80 , pp. 86-96
    • Kissinger, H.1
  • 57
    • 0004167097 scopus 로고
    • Glencoe, IL: Free Press
    • Albert Cohen, Delinquent Boys (Glencoe, IL: Free Press, 1955).
    • (1955) Delinquent Boys
    • Cohen, A.1
  • 63
    • 84924116919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • “Documenting Atrocities in Darfur” (Washington, DC: Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor and Bureau of Intelligence and Research
    • U.S. Department of State, “Documenting Atrocities in Darfur” (Washington, DC: Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor and Bureau of Intelligence and Research, 2004).
    • (2004)
  • 69
    • 33846381367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From the cold war to kosovo: The rise and renewal of the field of international human rights
    • Yves Dezalay and Bryant Garth, “From the Cold War to Kosovo: The Rise and Renewal of the Field of International Human Rights,” Annual Review of Law and Social Science 2 (2006): 231–255.
    • (2006) Annual Review of Law and Social Science , vol.2 , pp. 231-255
    • Dezalay, Y.1    Garth, B.2
  • 74
    • 84924105659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bandages and bayonets
    • November 12
    • Nicholas Kristof, “Bandages and Bayonets,” New York Times, November 12, 2006, pp. 4–13.
    • (2006) New York Times , pp. 4-13
    • Kristof, N.1
  • 75
    • 0032870439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Public health and complex emergencies: New issues, new conditions
    • Ronald Waldman and Gerard Martone, “Public Health and Complex Emergencies: New Issues, New Conditions,” American Journal of Public Health 89 (1999): 1483–1485.
    • (1999) American Journal of Public Health , vol.89 , pp. 1483-1485
    • Waldman, R.1    Martone, G.2
  • 76
    • 10944261089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding mortality patterns in complex humanitarian emergencies
    • Holly E. Reed and Charles B. Keely, eds., Washington, DC: National Academy Press
    • Charles B. Keely, Holly E. Reed, and Ronald J. Waldman, “Understanding Mortality Patterns in Complex Humanitarian Emergencies,” in Holly E. Reed and Charles B. Keely, eds., Forced Migration and Mortality (Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2001).
    • (2001) Forced Migration and Mortality
    • Keely, C.B.1    Reed, H.E.2    Waldman, R.J.3
  • 77
    • 84924156697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • “Human Security Brief 2006” (Vancouver, BC: Liu Institute for Global Issues, University of British Columbia, Chapter 2
    • Human Security Centre, “Human Security Brief 2006” (Vancouver, BC: Liu Institute for Global Issues, University of British Columbia, 2006), Chapter 2.
    • (2006)
    • Human Security Centre1
  • 78
    • 0031398654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The historical development of public health responses of disasters
    • Eric Noji and Michael Toole, “The Historical Development of Public Health Responses of Disasters,” Disasters 21 (1997): 366–376.
    • (1997) Disasters , vol.21 , pp. 366-376
    • Noji, E.1    Toole, M.2
  • 83
    • 84924154938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • “Public Health and Complex Emergencies
    • R. Waldman and G. Martone, “Public Health and Complex Emergencies,”.
    • Waldman, R.1    Martone, G.2
  • 85
    • 0025294446 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of excess mortality in refugee and displaced populations in developing countries
    • Michael Toole and Ronald Waldman, “Prevention of Excess Mortality in Refugee and Displaced Populations in Developing Countries,” Journal of the American Medical Association 263 (1990): 3296–3302.
    • (1990) Journal of the American Medical Association , vol.263 , pp. 3296-3302
    • Toole, M.1    Waldman, R.2
  • 86
    • 0027301979 scopus 로고
    • Refugees and displaced persons: War, hunger, and public health
    • Michael Toole and Ronald Waldman, “Refugees and Displaced Persons: War, Hunger, and Public Health,” Journal of the American Medical Association 270 (1993): 600–605.
    • (1993) Journal of the American Medical Association , vol.270 , pp. 600-605
    • Toole, M.1    Waldman, R.2
  • 87
    • 0029134915 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of complex disasters
    • Brent T. Burkholder and Michael J. Toole, “Evolution of Complex Disasters,” Lancet 346 (1995): 1012–1015.
    • (1995) Lancet , vol.346 , pp. 1012-1015
    • Burkholder, B.T.1    Toole, M.J.2
  • 88
    • 0034709721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • War and mortality in kosovo, 1998–1999: An epidemiological testimony
    • Paul Spiegel and Peter Salama, “War and Mortality in Kosovo, 1998–1999: An Epidemiological Testimony,” Lancet 355 (2000): 2204–2209.
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.355 , pp. 2204-2209
    • Spiegel, P.1    Salama, P.2
  • 89
    • 1842766060 scopus 로고
    • Washington, DC: U.S. Department of State
    • Bureau of Refugee Programs, Assessment Manual for Refugee Emergencies(Washington, DC: U.S. Department of State, 1985).
    • (1985) Assessment Manual for Refugee Emergencies
  • 90
    • 0027126204 scopus 로고
    • Famine affected, refugee and displaced populations: Recommendations for public health issues
    • Centers for Disease Control, “Famine Affected, Refugee and Displaced Populations: Recommendations for Public Health Issues,” MMWR Recommendations Report 41 (RR-13) (1992): 1–76.
    • (1992) MMWR Recommendations Report , vol.41 , Issue.164-213 , pp. 1-76
  • 91
    • 11944273696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adult mortality in sub-saharan africa: Evidence from demographic and health surveys
    • Ian Timaeus and Momodou Jasseh, “Adult Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from Demographic and Health Surveys,” Demography 41 (2004): 757–772.
    • (2004) Demography , vol.41 , pp. 757-772
    • Timaeus, I.1    Jasseh, M.2
  • 93
    • 0028888527 scopus 로고
    • Public health impact of rwandan refugee crisis: What happened in goma, zaire in july 1994
    • Goma Epidemiological Group, “Public Health Impact of Rwandan Refugee Crisis: What Happened in Goma, Zaire in July 1994,” Lancet 345 (1995): 339–344.
    • (1995) Lancet , vol.345 , pp. 339-344
  • 94
    • 0029115644 scopus 로고
    • Nutritional status and food security: Winter nutrition monitoring in sarajevo, 1993–1994
    • F. Watson, I. Kulenovic, and J. Vespa, “Nutritional Status and Food Security: Winter Nutrition Monitoring in Sarajevo, 1993–1994,” European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 49 (1995): S23–32.
    • (1995) European Journal of Clinical Nutrition , vol.49 , pp. 106-115
    • Watson, F.1    Kulenovic, I.2    Vespa, J.3
  • 98
    • 85072816433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genocide and general theory
    • Chester Britt and Michael Gottfredson, eds., New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction
    • A. Brannigan and K.H. Hardwick, “Genocide and General Theory,” in Chester Britt and Michael Gottfredson, eds., Control Theories of Crime and Delinquency, Vol. 12 (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction, 2003), pp. 109–31.
    • (2003) Control Theories of Crime and Delinquency , vol.12 , pp. 109-131
    • Brannigan, A.1    Hardwick, K.H.2
  • 101
    • 25144482948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The criminology of genocide: The death and rape of darfur
    • John Hagan, Wenona Rymond-Richmond, and Patricia Parker, “The Criminology of Genocide: The Death and Rape of Darfur,” Criminology 43 (2005): 525–561.
    • (2005) Criminology , vol.43 , pp. 525-561
    • Hagan, J.1    Rymond-Richmond, W.2    Parker, P.3
  • 103
    • 0034357827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The (In)significance of genocidal behavior to the discipline of criminology
    • George Yacoubian, “The (In)significance of Genocidal Behavior to the Discipline of Criminology,” Crime, Law and Social Change 34 (2000): 7–19.
    • (2000) Crime, Law and Social Change , vol.34 , pp. 7-19
    • Yacoubian, G.1
  • 104
    • 0036563161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Making war criminal
    • John Hagan and Scott Greer, “Making War Criminal,” Criminology 40 (2002): 231–264.
    • (2002) Criminology , vol.40 , pp. 231-264
    • Hagan, J.1    Greer, S.2
  • 105
    • 84924102806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrospective Mortality Survey among the Internally Displaced Population, Greater Darfur, Sudan (Geneva: World Health Organization
    • World Health Organization, Retrospective Mortality Survey among the Internally Displaced Population, Greater Darfur, Sudan (Geneva: World Health Organization, 2004).
    • (2004)
    • World Health Organization1
  • 108
    • 84924208566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fifth Report of the Session 2004–2005, Oral and Written Evidence (London, Station Office Limited
    • House of Commons International Development Committee, Darfur, Sudan: The Responsibility to Protect, Fifth Report of the Session 2004–2005, vol. 2, Oral and Written Evidence (London, Station Office Limited, 2005).
    • (2005) Darfur, Sudan: The Responsibility to Protect , vol.2
  • 109
    • 84924177055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • “Criminal Victimization and Victim Empowerment in an International Perspective,” Address to the 9th International Symposium of the World Society of Victimology, The Netherlands, August
    • J. Van Dijk, “Criminal Victimization and Victim Empowerment in an International Perspective,” Address to the 9th International Symposium of the World Society of Victimology, The Netherlands, August 25–29,1997.
    • (1997) , pp. 25-29
    • Van Dijk, J.1
  • 112
    • 84924124824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • War and Mortality in Kosovo
    • Paul Spiegel and Peter Salama, “War and Mortality in Kosovo, 1998–1999,”.
    • (1998)
    • Spiegel, P.1    Salama, P.2
  • 113
    • 84924090283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Washington, DC: American Bar Association Central and East European Law Initiative and American Association for the Advancement of Science
    • ABA-CEELI/AAAS, Political Killings in Kosova/Kosovo, March-June 1999, 2000 (Washington, DC: American Bar Association Central and East European Law Initiative and American Association for the Advancement of Science), at p. 9.
    • Political Killings in Kosova/Kosovo, March-June 1999, 2000 , pp. 9
  • 114
    • 0003556796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Washington, DC: U.S. Department of State
    • U.S. Department of State, Ethnic Cleansing in Kosovo: An Accounting (Washington, DC: U.S. Department of State, 1999).
    • (1999) Ethnic Cleansing in Kosovo: An Accounting
  • 116
    • 84924197806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, Milosevic (IT-0 2–54), Kosovo, Croatia and Bosnia Transcripts
    • International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, Milosevic (IT-0 2–54), Kosovo, Croatia and Bosnia Transcripts, 2002, www.un.org/icty, at p. 2226.
    • (2002) , pp. 2226
  • 118
    • 84924187638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frontline” interview, posted online April
    • Boutros Boutros-Ghali, “Frontline” interview, posted online April 2004. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/ghosts/themes/lessons.html
    • (2004)
    • Boutros-Ghali, B.1
  • 120
    • 84924100854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • President’s Statement on Violence in Darfur, Sudan, September 9
    • Office of the Press Secretary, President’s Statement on Violence in Darfur, Sudan, September 9, 2004, http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2004/09/20040909–10.html.
    • (2004)
  • 124
    • 84924193570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Media Briefing Notes, UN Palais Press
    • David Nabarro. Media Briefing Notes, UN Palais Press
    • Nabarro, D.1
  • 125
    • 84924174013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality Projections for Darfur, 15 October, Presented by David Nabarro, Representative of the World Health Organization Director-General
    • Corps, Geneva, “Mortality Projections for Darfur, 15 October 2004.” Presented by David Nabarro, Representative of the World Health Organization Director-General.
    • (2004)
    • Corps, G.1
  • 126
    • 84924121111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • At the u.N.: This virus has an expert ‘quite scared
    • Donald McNeil, “At the U.N.: This Virus Has an Expert ‘Quite Scared,’” New York Times, 28 March 2006, p. 67.
    • (2006) New York Times , vol.28 , pp. 67
    • McNeil, D.1
  • 127
    • 84924196410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • “U.N. Envoy Says Deaths in Darfur Underestimated,” Reuters10 March
    • Evelyn Leopold, “U.N. Envoy Says Deaths in Darfur Underestimated,” Reuters 10 March 2005.
    • (2005)
    • Leopold, E.1
  • 128
    • 84924134159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Over 180,000 Darfur Deaths in 18 Months-U.N. Envoy,” 15 March
    • Reuters, “Over 180,000 Darfur Deaths in 18 Months-U.N. Envoy,” 15 March 2005.
    • (2005)
  • 129
    • 33749167759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sudan: Genocide has killed more than tsunami
    • Jan Coebergh, “Sudan: Genocide Has Killed More than Tsunami,” Parliamentary Brief 9 (7)(February 2005): 5–6.
    • (2005) Parliamentary Brief , vol.9 , Issue.7 , pp. 5-6
    • Coebergh, J.1
  • 130
    • 33748760837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Darfur mortality update: June 30, 2005
    • Eric Reeves. “Darfur Mortality Update: June 30, 2005,” Sudan Tribune, 1 July 2005.
    • (2005) Sudan Tribune , pp. 1
    • Reeves, E.1
  • 131
    • 25144482948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The death and rape and darfur: The criminology of genocide
    • John Hagan, Wenona Rymond-Richmond, and Patricia Parker, “The Death and Rape and Darfur: The Criminology of Genocide,” 43 (2005) Criminology 525–561.
    • (2005) Criminology , vol.43 , pp. 525-561
    • Hagan, J.1    Rymond-Richmond, W.2    Parker, P.3
  • 132
    • 33748776501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Billions of promises to keep
    • April
    • Kofi Annan. “Billions of Promises to Keep,” New York Times, 13 April 2005, p. 84.
    • (2005) New York Times , vol.13 , pp. 84
    • Annan, K.1
  • 133
    • 84924159247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nobody danced. No drums. Just fear. Some holiday!
    • April
    • Marc Lacey, “Nobody Danced. No Drums. Just Fear. Some Holiday!” New York Times, 22 April 2005, p. 69.
    • (2005) New York Times , vol.22 , pp. 69
    • Lacey, M.1
  • 134
    • 84924174200 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A diplomatic lone ranger with 3 x 5 cards
    • 17 April
    • Joel Brinkley, “A Diplomatic Lone Ranger with 3 x 5 Cards,” New York Times, 17 April 2005, p. 1–8.
    • (2005) New York Times , pp. 1-8
    • Brinkley, J.1
  • 135
    • 84924124827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sudan: Death Toll in Darfur,” Fact Sheet, Bureau of Intelligence and Research, Washington, DC, March
    • U.S. Department of State, “Sudan: Death Toll in Darfur,” Fact Sheet, Bureau of Intelligence and Research, Washington, DC, March 25, 2005, p. 1.
    • (2005) , vol.25 , pp. 1
  • 136
    • 33749340791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International war-crimes prosecutor gets list of 51 sudan suspects
    • Warren Hoge. “International War-Crimes Prosecutor Gets List of 51 Sudan Suspects,” New York Times, 6 April 2005, p. A6.
    • (2005) New York Times , vol.6 , pp. 71
    • Hoge, W.1
  • 138
    • 84920443201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aid group criticizes U.S. Policy on sudan
    • Sue Pleming. “Aid Group Criticizes U.S. Policy on Sudan,” Reuters, 26 April 2005.
    • (2005) Reuters , pp. 26
    • Pleming, S.1
  • 139
    • 33646162023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Official pariah sudan valuable to american war on terror
    • Ken Silverstein. “Official Pariah Sudan Valuable to American War on Terror,” Los Angeles Times, 29 April 2005, p. 66.
    • (2005) Los Angeles Times , vol.29 , pp. 66
    • Silverstein, K.1
  • 140
    • 84924131194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • C.I.A. Role in visit of sudan intelligence chief causes dispute within administration
    • S. Shane. “C.I.A. Role in Visit of Sudan Intelligence Chief Causes Dispute Within Administration,” New York Times, 18 June 2005, p. 72.
    • (2005) New York Times , vol.18 , pp. 72
    • Shane, S.1
  • 141
    • 33749165000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sudanese visitor split U.S. Officials
    • 17 June
    • Ken Silverstein. “Sudanese Visitor Split U.S. Officials,” Los Angeles Times, 17 June 2005, p. 65.1.
    • (2005) Los Angeles Times , vol.65 , Issue.1
    • Silverstein, K.1
  • 142
    • 84873716929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tragedy in darfur
    • A Political and Literary Forum
    • Alex de Waal, “Tragedy in Darfur,” Boston Review: “A Political and Literary Forum,” http:///www.bostonreview.net/BR29.5/dewaal.html.
    • Boston Review:
    • Waal, A.D.1
  • 144
    • 33744526488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A very long engagement: Bush channels neville chamberlain
    • Marisa Katz and Michael Safdie, “A Very Long Engagement: Bush Channels Neville Chamberlain,” The New Republic, 15 May 2006, p. 20.
    • (2006) The New Republic , vol.15 , pp. 20
    • Katz, M.1    Safdie, M.2
  • 145
    • 84924156894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. Relies on sudan despite condemning it
    • 11 June
    • Greg Miller and Josh Meyer, “U.S. Relies on Sudan Despite Condemning It,” Los Angeles Times, 11 June 2007, p. 65.1.
    • (2007) Los Angeles Times , vol.65 , Issue.1
    • Miller, G.1    Meyer, J.2
  • 146
    • 84862026793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Day 141 of bushs silence
    • May
    • Nicholas Kristof, “Day 141 of Bush’s Silence,” New York Times, 31 May 2005, p. 82.
    • (2005) New York Times , vol.31 , pp. 82
    • Kristof, N.1
  • 147
    • 84976109998 scopus 로고
    • Development and cultural genocide in the sudan
    • John Burton, “Development and Cultural Genocide in the Sudan,” Journal of Modern African Studies 29 (1991): 511–520.
    • (1991) Journal of Modern African Studies , vol.29 , pp. 511-520
    • Burton, J.1
  • 148
    • 84924111669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • “Sudan: Humanitarian Crisis, Peace Talks, Terrorists, and U.S. Policy,” Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, April
    • CRS Issue Brief for Congress, “Sudan: Humanitarian Crisis, Peace Talks, Terrorists, and U.S. Policy,” Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, 12 April 2006, p. 11.
    • (2006) , vol.12 , pp. 11
  • 149
    • 84905314588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Darfur terror chief slips into britain
    • Peter Beaumont, “Darfur Terror Chief Slips into Britain,” The Observer, 12 March 2006.
    • (2006) The Observer , pp. 12
    • Beaumont, P.1
  • 150
    • 84924128051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.N. Council imposes sanctions on 4 men in darfur war crimes
    • Warren Hoge, “U.N. Council Imposes Sanctions on 4 Men in Darfur War Crimes,” New York Times, 26 April 2006, p. 75.
    • (2006) New York Times , vol.26 , pp. 75
    • Hoge, W.1
  • 151
    • 33749185767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. Department of State, University of Louvain, School of Public Health, Brussels: Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters, May 26
    • Debarati Guha-Sapir, Olivier Degomme, Mark Phelan (U.S. Department of State), Darfur: Counting the Deaths: Mortality Estimates from Multiple Survey Data (University of Louvain, School of Public Health, Brussels: Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters, May 26, 2005). http://www.cred@esp.ucl.ac.be.
    • (2005) Darfur: Counting the Deaths: Mortality Estimates from Multiple Survey Data
    • Guha-Sapir, D.1    Degomme, O.2    Phelan, M.3
  • 152
    • 84924116441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Darfur’s Real Death Toll,” Editorial Page, 24 April, Accessed April 24
    • Debarati Guha-Sapir, Olivier Degomme, Mark Phelan Washington Post. “Darfur’s Real Death Toll,” Editorial Page, 24 April 2005, p. B06. http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/admin (Accessed April 24, 2005).
    • (2005) Washington Post , pp. 172
    • Guha-Sapir, D.1    Degomme, O.2    Phelan, M.3
  • 153
    • 84924212584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On darfur, a call for the wrong action
    • Letter to Editor, 27 April
    • R. Zoellick. “On Darfur, A Call for the Wrong Action,” Washington Post, Letter to Editor, 27 April 2005, p. 87.
    • (2005) Washington Post , pp. 87
    • Zoellick, R.1
  • 154
    • 84924174382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • “Sudan: Death Toll in Darfur.” Fact Sheet. Bureau of Intelligence and Research, 25 March, Accessed April 26
    • U.S. Department of State. “Sudan: Death Toll in Darfur.” Fact Sheet. Bureau of Intelligence and Research, 25 March 2005. http://www.state.gov/s/inr/rls/fs/2005/45105.htm (Accessed April 26, 2005).
    • (2005)
  • 155
    • 84924216968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • State department defends estimate of deaths in darfur conflict
    • Glenn Kessler, “State Department Defends Estimate of Deaths in Darfur Conflict,” Washington Post, 27 April 2005, p. A17.
    • (2005) Washington Post , vol.27 , pp. 82
    • Kessler, G.1
  • 157
    • 84924131141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Department of State Publication 11182., pp. 5–7.
    • , vol.11182 , pp. 5-7
  • 159
    • 0036563161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Making war criminal
    • John Hagan and Scott Greer, “Making War Criminal,” Criminology 40 (2002): 231–264.
    • (2002) Criminology , vol.40 , pp. 231-264
    • Hagan, J.1    Greer, S.2
  • 160
    • 33749161112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heather schoenfeld, and alberto palloni, “the science of human rights, war crimes, and humanitarian emergencies
    • John Hagan, Heather Schoenfeld, and Alberto Palloni, “The Science of Human Rights, War Crimes, and Humanitarian Emergencies,” Annual Review of Sociology 32 (2006): 329–349.
    • (2006) Annual Review of Sociology , vol.32 , pp. 329-349
    • Hagan, J.1
  • 161
    • 84924104336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The former united nations resident and humanitarian coordinator for sudan, to the house of commons international development committee
    • Fifth Report of Session, Oral and Written Evidence. London: Station. Off.Ltd
    • Mukesh Kapila, the former United Nations Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator for Sudan, to the House of Commons International Development Committee. Darfur, Sudan: The Responsibility to Protect. Fifth Report of Session 2004–05. Vol. 2: Oral and Written Evidence. London: Station. Off.Ltd. http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200405/cmselect/cmintdev/67/6711.pdf.
    • (2004) Darfur, Sudan: The Responsibility to Protect , vol.2
    • Kapila, M.1
  • 162
    • 0344327094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality in north korean migrant households
    • W. Courtland Robinson, Myung Lee, Kenneth Hill, Gilbert Burnham. “Mortality in North Korean Migrant Households,” Lancet 354 (1999): 291–295.
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.354 , pp. 291-295
    • Courtland Robinson, W.1    Lee, M.2    Hill, K.3    Burnham, G.4
  • 163
    • 84924090393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Report: “Up to 70,000 Sudanese Dead.” Oct
    • CNN. Report: “Up to 70,000 Sudanese Dead.” Oct. 17 http://www.cnn.com/2004/WORLD/Africa/10/17/un.sudan/.
    • , vol.17
    • CNN1
  • 164
    • 84924097525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • House of Commons International Development Committee., p. Ev 65.
  • 165
    • 29144433488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What is going global? The internationalization of french ngos ‘without borders
    • Johanna Simeant, “What Is Going Global? The Internationalization of French NGOs ‘Without Borders,’” Review of International Political Economy 12 (2005): 851–883.
    • (2005) Review of International Political Economy , vol.12 , pp. 851-883
    • Simeant, J.1
  • 166
    • 5044236980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Violence and mortality in west darfur, sudan (2003–04): Epidemiological evidence from four surveys
    • Evelyn Depoortere, France Broillet, Sibylle Gerstl, Francesco Checchi, et al. “Violence and Mortality in West Darfur, Sudan (2003–04): Epidemiological Evidence from Four Surveys,” Lancet 364 (2004): 1315–1320.
    • (2004) Lancet , vol.364 , pp. 1315-1320
    • Depoortere, E.1    Broillet, F.2    Gerstl, S.3    Checchi, F.4
  • 167
    • 84924179333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • “Darfur Crisis: Death Estimates Demonstrate Severity of Crisis, but their Accuracy and Credibility Could be Enhanced,” November, especially
    • U.S. Government Accountability Office, “Darfur Crisis: Death Estimates Demonstrate Severity of Crisis, but their Accuracy and Credibility Could be Enhanced,” November 2006, especially p. 3.
    • (2006) , pp. 3
    • U.S. Government Accountability Office1
  • 168
    • 84924193564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The president’s special envoy to sudan, house committee on foreign affairs
    • Andrew S. Natsios, The President’s Special Envoy to Sudan, House Committee on Foreign Affairs, February 8, 2007.
    • (2007) February , pp. 8
    • Natsios, A.S.1
  • 169
    • 49749095050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • If not peace, then justice
    • April 2
    • Elizabeth Rubin, “If Not Peace, Then Justice,” New York Times Magazine, April 2, 2006, p. 42.
    • (2006) New York Times Magazine , pp. 42
    • Rubin, E.1
  • 172
    • 27844542224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The banality of good: Aligning incentives against mass atrocity
    • Mark J. Osiel, “The Banality of Good: Aligning Incentives against Mass Atrocity,” Columbia Law Review 105 (2005): 1751–1862.
    • (2005) Columbia Law Review , vol.105 , pp. 1751-1862
    • Osiel, M.J.1
  • 173
    • 2942514348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neighborhood and community: Collective efficacy and community safety
    • Robert Sampson, “Neighborhood and Community: Collective Efficacy and Community Safety,” New Economy 11 (2004): 106–113.
    • (2004) New Economy , vol.11 , pp. 106-113
    • Sampson, R.1
  • 174
    • 33845958997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential social organization, collective action, and crime
    • Ross Matsueda, “Differential Social Organization, Collective Action, and Crime,” Crime, Law & Social Change 46:1–2 (2006): 3–33.
    • (2006) Crime, Law & Social Change , vol.46 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 3-33
    • Matsueda, R.1
  • 176
    • 34250221272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The face of genocide
    • November 19
    • Nicholas Kristof, “The Face of Genocide,” New York Times, November 19, 2006, p. 13.
    • (2006) New York Times , pp. 13
    • Kristof, N.1
  • 177
    • 84924143051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In a calm corner of darfur, villagers rebuild fragile ties with former enemies
    • November 8
    • Jeffrey Gettleman, “In a Calm Corner of Darfur, Villagers Rebuild Fragile Ties with Former Enemies,” New York Times, November 8, 2006, p. 79.
    • (2006) New York Times , pp. 79
    • Gettleman, J.1
  • 178
    • 84924192495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From rare glimpse inside militia camp, clear ties to sudan
    • October 21
    • Somini Sengupta, “From Rare Glimpse inside Militia Camp, Clear Ties to Sudan,” New York Times, October 21, 2004, p. 66.
    • (2004) New York Times , pp. 66
    • Sengupta, S.1
  • 180
    • 84925041872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A complex ethnic reality with a long history. Darfur
    • May 15
    • R.S. O’Fahey, “A Complex Ethnic Reality with a Long History. Darfur,” International Herald Tribune, May 15, 2004, p. 8.
    • (2004) International Herald Tribune , pp. 8
    • O’Fahey, R.S.1
  • 181
    • 0007199195 scopus 로고
    • On becoming sudanese
    • Tony Barnett and Abbas Abdelkarim, eds., London: Croom Helm
    • Paul Doornbos, “On Becoming Sudanese,” in Tony Barnett and Abbas Abdelkarim, eds., Sudan: State, Capital and Transformation (London: Croom Helm, 1988).
    • (1988) Sudan: State, Capital and Transformation
    • Doornbos, P.1
  • 187
    • 0033677412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The manipulation of ethnicity: From ethnic cooperation to violence and war in yugoslavia
    • Anthony Oberschall, “The Manipulation of Ethnicity: From Ethnic Cooperation to Violence and War in Yugoslavia,” Ethnic and Racial Studies 23 (2000): 982–1001.
    • (2000) Ethnic and Racial Studies , vol.23 , pp. 982-1001
    • Oberschall, A.1
  • 188
    • 57349092051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards a typology and periodization schema of conflicts in darfur region of sudan
    • Abdel Ghaffar M. Ahmed and Leif Manger, eds., Bergen: BRIC
    • Atta El-Battahani, “Towards a Typology and Periodization Schema of Conflicts in Darfur Region of Sudan,” in Abdel Ghaffar M. Ahmed and Leif Manger, eds., Understanding the Crisis in Darfur: Listening to Sudanese Voices (Bergen: BRIC, 2006).
    • (2006) Understanding the Crisis in Darfur: Listening to Sudanese Voices
    • El-Battahani, A.1
  • 191
    • 84924138028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • “Probe of Darfur ‘Slavery’ Starts,” BBC News, March 21
    • Joseph Winter, “Probe of Darfur ‘Slavery’ Starts,” BBC News, March 21, 2007.
    • (2007)
    • Winter, J.1
  • 192
    • 65249103699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A slow emancipation
    • March 18
    • Kwame Anthony Appiah, “A Slow Emancipation,” New York Times Magazine, March 18, 2007, p. 17.
    • (2007) New York Times Magazine , pp. 17
    • Appiah, K.A.1
  • 194
    • 14644400119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dying in darfur
    • August 30
    • Samantha Power, “Dying in Darfur,” New Yorker, August 30, 2004, pp. 1–18.
    • (2004) New Yorker , pp. 1-18
    • Power, S.1
  • 195
    • 80052275899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genocide in slow motion
    • Nicholas Kristof, “Genocide in Slow Motion,” New York Review of Books 53 (2006), p. 2.
    • (2006) New York Review of Books , vol.53 , pp. 2
    • Kristof, N.1
  • 196
    • 84924213711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Darfur: Origins of a catastrophe
    • February 19
    • Sebastian Mallaby, “Darfur: Origins of a Catastrophe,” Washington Post, February 19, 2006, p. BW04.
    • (2006) Washington Post , pp. 155
    • Mallaby, S.1
  • 197
  • 198
    • 84924159510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testimony to United States Committee on Foreign Relations Hearing, “Sudan: Peace, But at What Price?” (Washington, DC: June 15
    • Julie Flint, Testimony to United States Committee on Foreign Relations Hearing, “Sudan: Peace, But at What Price?” (Washington, DC: June 15, 2004), p. 3.
    • (2004) , pp. 3
    • Flint, J.1
  • 199
    • 25144443929 scopus 로고
    • Genocide
    • Ralph Lemkin, “Genocide,” American Scholar 15 (April 1946): 227–230.
    • (1946) American Scholar , vol.15 , pp. 227-230
    • Lemkin, R.1
  • 200
    • 1542767405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why did you kill? The cambodian genocide and the dark side of face and honor
    • Alexander Laban Hinton, “Why Did You Kill? The Cambodian Genocide and the Dark Side of Face and Honor,” Journal of Asian Studies 57 (1998): 117.
    • (1998) Journal of Asian Studies , vol.57 , pp. 117
    • Hinton, A.L.1
  • 202
    • 25144495414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genocide and general theory
    • Chester Britt and Michael Gottfredson, eds., New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books
    • Augustine Brannigan and Kelly Hardwick, “Genocide and General Theory,” in Chester Britt and Michael Gottfredson, eds., Control Theories of Crime and Delinquency, Vol. 12 (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books, 2003), p. 122.
    • (2003) Control Theories of Crime and Delinquency , vol.12 , pp. 122
    • Brannigan, A.1    Hardwick, K.2
  • 204
    • 0033382090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Jeffrey morenoff, and felton earls, “beyond social capital: Spatial dynamics of collective efficacy for children
    • Robert Sampson, Jeffrey Morenoff, and Felton Earls, “Beyond Social Capital: Spatial Dynamics of Collective Efficacy for Children,” American Sociological Review 64 (1999): 633–660.
    • (1999) American Sociological Review , vol.64 , pp. 633-660
    • Sampson, R.1
  • 205
    • 0030879479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stephen raudenbush, and felton earls, “neighborhoods and violent crime: A multilevel study of collective efficacy
    • Robert Sampson, Stephen Raudenbush, and Felton Earls, “Neighborhoods and Violent Crime: A Multilevel Study of Collective Efficacy,” Science 277 (1997): 918–924.
    • (1997) Science , vol.277 , pp. 918-924
    • Sampson, R.1
  • 206
    • 84924113749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Raudenbush, and Earls
    • Sampson, Raudenbush, and Earls., p. 918.
  • 207
    • 0002638791 scopus 로고
    • Collective behavior
    • R.E. Park (ed.), New York: Barnes and Noble
    • Herbert Blumer, “Collective Behavior,” in R.E. Park (ed.), An Outline of The Principles of Sociology (New York: Barnes and Noble, 1939).
    • (1939) An Outline of the Principles of Sociology
    • Blumer, H.1
  • 209
  • 210
    • 0002116219 scopus 로고
    • Social movements and collective behavior: Social psychological dimensions and considerations
    • Karen Cook, Gary Fine, and James House, eds., Boston: Allyn and Bacon
    • David Snow and Pamela Oliver, “Social Movements and Collective Behavior: Social Psychological Dimensions and Considerations,” in Karen Cook, Gary Fine, and James House, eds., Sociological Perspectives on Social Psychology (Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1995), pp. 571–599.
    • (1995) Sociological Perspectives on Social Psychology , pp. 571-599
    • Snow, D.1    Oliver, P.2
  • 211
    • 84924143488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • This formulation borrows heavily from Gamson
    • This formulation borrows heavily from Gamson, p. 155.
  • 215
    • 33750633104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social mechanisms of community influences on crime and pathways in criminality
    • Benjamin Lahey, Ter-rie E. Moffitt, and Avshalom Caspi, eds., New York: Guilford Press
    • Per-Olof Wikstrom and Robert Sampson, “Social Mechanisms of Community Influences on Crime and Pathways in Criminality,” in Benjamin Lahey, Ter-rie E. Moffitt, and Avshalom Caspi, eds., The Causes of Conduct Disorder and Juvenile Delinquency (New York: Guilford Press, 2003).
    • (2003) The Causes of Conduct Disorder and Juvenile Delinquency
    • Wikstrom, P.-O.1    Sampson, R.2
  • 216
    • 70749131735 scopus 로고
    • Wartime crime
    • Edwin Sutherland and Karl Schuessler, eds, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
    • Edwin Sutherland, “Wartime Crime,” in Edwin Sutherland and Karl Schuessler, eds., On Analyzing Crime (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1973), pp. 120–128.
    • (1973) On Analyzing Crime , pp. 120-128
    • Sutherland, E.1
  • 217
    • 0001155759 scopus 로고
    • Techniques of neutralization: A theory of delinquency
    • Gresham Sykes and David Matza, “Techniques of Neutralization: A Theory of Delinquency,” American Sociological Review 22 (1957): 664–670.
    • (1957) American Sociological Review , vol.22 , pp. 664-670
    • Sykes, G.1    Matza, D.2
  • 218
    • 0001606934 scopus 로고
    • Situated actions and vocabularies of motive
    • C. Wright Mills, “Situated Actions and Vocabularies of Motive,” American Sociological Review 5 (1940): 904–913.
    • (1940) American Sociological Review , vol.5 , pp. 904-913
    • Wright Mills, C.1
  • 219
    • 84883914669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In sudan: ‘a big sheik roams free
    • July 18
    • Emily Wax, “In Sudan: ‘A Big Sheik’ Roams Free,” Washington Post, July 18, 2004, p. 66.
    • (2004) Washington Post , pp. 66
    • Wax, E.1
  • 220
    • 84924128571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Video Transcript: Exclusive Video Interview with Alleged Janjaweed Leader, March 2
    • Human Rights Watch, “Video Transcript: Exclusive Video Interview with Alleged Janjaweed Leader, March 2, 2005.
    • (2005)
    • Human Rights Watch1
  • 221
    • 25144504715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How did darfur happen?
    • October 17
    • Scott Anderson, “How Did Darfur Happen?” New York Times Magazine, October 17, 2004, p. 52.
    • (2004) New York Times Magazine , pp. 52
    • Anderson, S.1
  • 222
    • 84924174149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • “Militia Chief Scorns Slaughter Charge,”Guardian, July 16
    • Jeevan Vasagar, “Militia Chief Scorns Slaughter Charge,” Guardian, July 16, 2004.
    • (2004)
    • Vasagar, J.1
  • 223
    • 84924130370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • “Entrenching Impunity: Government Responsibility for International Crimes in Darfur,” December
    • Human Rights Watch, “Entrenching Impunity: Government Responsibility for International Crimes in Darfur,” December 2005, Vol. 17 (17), p. 18.
    • (2005) , vol.17 , Issue.17 , pp. 18
    • Watch, H.R.1
  • 224
    • 84924177621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Over tea, sheik denies stirring darfur’s torment
    • June 12
    • Lydia Polgreen, “Over Tea, Sheik Denies Stirring Darfur’s Torment,” New York Times, June 12, 2006, p. 66.
    • (2006) New York Times , pp. 66
    • Polgreen, L.1
  • 225
    • 84924183937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • “Protesters around the World Plead: Intervene in Darfur,” September
    • CNN.com, “Protesters around the World Plead: Intervene in Darfur,” September 17, 2006.
    • (2006) , pp. 17
    • CNN.com1
  • 229
    • 84924150049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • “Sudan: Too Many People Killed for No Reason,” February 3
    • Amnesty International, “Sudan: Too Many People Killed for No Reason,” February 3, 2004, p. 14.
    • (2004) , pp. 14
    • Amnesty International1
  • 230
    • 84924148802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testimony at United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations Hearing, “Sudan: Peace, but at What Price?” Washington, DC, June 15
    • Julie Flint, Testimony at United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations Hearing, “Sudan: Peace, but at What Price?” Washington, DC, June 15, 2004, p. 4.
    • (2004) , vol.15 , pp. 4
    • Flint, J.1
  • 231
    • 84924132955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Darfur bleeds: Recent cross-border violence in chad
    • Human Rights Watch, “Darfur Bleeds: Recent Cross-Border Violence in Chad,” Number 2, February 2006, p. 12.
    • (2006) Number , vol.2 , pp. 12
    • Human Rights Watch1
  • 232
    • 84924202859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • “Sudan: Thousands Said Fleeing Renewed Fighting in Darfur,” January 4
    • IRIN, “Sudan: Thousands Said Fleeing Renewed Fighting in Darfur,” January 4, 2003.
    • (2003)
    • IRIN1
  • 233
    • 84924103255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Darfur Destroyed: Ethnic Cleansing by Government and Militia Forces in Western Sudan
    • Human Rights Watch, “Darfur Destroyed: Ethnic Cleansing by Government and Militia Forces in Western Sudan,” Vol. 16 (6): May 2004, pp. 43–45.
    • (2004) , vol.16 , Issue.6 , pp. 43-45
    • Human Rights Watch1
  • 234
    • 84924091609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Darfur Bleeds
    • Human Rights Watch, “Darfur Bleeds,” p. 7 at fn. 19.
    • , vol.19 , pp. 7
    • Human Rights Watch1
  • 235
    • 84924153454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International Criminal Court Office of the Prosecutor
    • International Criminal Court Office of the Prosecutor, pp. 32–33.
  • 236
  • 237
    • 84924155540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Darfur: Assault on Survival, Cambridge, MA: PHR, February
    • Physicians for Human Rights, “Darfur: Assault on Survival,” (Cambridge, MA: PHR, February 2006), p. 24.
    • (2006) , pp. 24
    • Physicians for Human Rights1
  • 238
    • 17844395465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Who are the darfurians? Arab and african identities, violence and external engagement
    • Alex de Waal, “Who Are the Darfurians? Arab and African Identities, Violence and External Engagement,” African Affairs 104 (415) (2005): 181–205.
    • (2005) African Affairs , vol.104 , Issue.415 , pp. 181-205
    • Waal, A.D.1
  • 239
    • 84924218739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physicians for Human Rights., pp. 23–24.
  • 240
    • 84924105474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeting the Fur: Mass Killings in DarfurJanuary 24
    • Human Rights Watch, “Targeting the Fur: Mass Killings in Darfur,” January 24, 2005, p. 6.
    • (2005) , pp. 6
    • Human Rights Watch1
  • 241
    • 84924122108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probe of Darfur ‘Slavery’ StartsBBC News, March 21
    • Joseph Winter, “Probe of Darfur ‘Slavery’ Starts,” BBC News, March 21, 2007.
    • (2007)
    • Winter, J.1
  • 243
    • 84924200906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • “Report of the High-Level Mission on the Situation of Human Rights in Darfur Pursuant to Human Rights Council Decision S-4/101,” Advance Unedited Version, March 7
    • UN High Commission on Human Rights, “Report of the High-Level Mission on the Situation of Human Rights in Darfur Pursuant to Human Rights Council Decision S-4/101,” Advance Unedited Version, March 7, 2007, p. 2.
    • (2007) , pp. 2
    • UN High Commission on Human Rights1
  • 244
    • 85044917611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A question of guilt
    • Jens Meierhenrich, “A Question of Guilt,” Ratio Juris 19 (2006): 3141–42.
    • (2006) Ratio Juris , vol.19 , pp. 3141-3142
    • Meierhenrich, J.1
  • 245
    • 84924182416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • “Interview-Sudan Must Be Told to Stop Darfur Crimes-Arbour,” Reuters, March 13
    • Anne Richardson, “Interview-Sudan Must Be Told to Stop Darfur Crimes-Arbour,” Reuters, March 13, 2007.
    • (2007)
    • Richardson, A.1
  • 246
    • 57349092051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards a typology and periodization schema of conflicts in the darfur region of sudan
    • Abdel Ghaffar Ahmed and Leif Manger, eds., Bergen, Norway: Centre for Development Studies
    • Atta El-Battahani, “Towards a Typology and Periodization Schema of Conflicts in the Darfur Region of Sudan,” in Abdel Ghaffar Ahmed and Leif Manger, eds., Understanding the Crisis in Darfur: Listening to Sudanese Voices (Bergen, Norway: Centre for Development Studies, 2006), p. 35.
    • (2006) Understanding the Crisis in Darfur: Listening to Sudanese Voices , pp. 35
    • El-Battahani, A.1
  • 247
    • 55349103039 scopus 로고
    • Arab belt versus ‘african belt’: Ethno-political conflict in darfur and the regional cultural factors
    • Sharif Harir and Terje Tvedt, eds., Uppsala, Norway: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet
    • Sharif Harir, “‘Arab Belt’ versus ‘African Belt’: Ethno-Political Conflict in Darfur and the Regional Cultural Factors,” in Sharif Harir and Terje Tvedt, eds., Short-Cut to Decay: The Case of Sudan (Uppsala, Norway: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, 1994).
    • (1994) Short-Cut to Decay: The Case of Sudan
    • Harir, S.1
  • 248
    • 0002311749 scopus 로고
    • The security dilemma and ethnic conflict
    • Posen, Barry. “The Security Dilemma and Ethnic Conflict.” Survival 35 (1993): 27–47.
    • (1993) Survival , vol.35 , pp. 27-47
    • Posen, B.1
  • 251
    • 79955569000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Darfur: A war for land?
    • Alex de Waal, Cambridge: Harvard University
    • Tubiana, Jerome. “Darfur: A War for Land?” In Alex de Waal, (Ed). War in Darfur and the Search for Peace. (Cambridge: Harvard University, 2007).
    • (2007) War in Darfur and the Search for Peace
    • Tubiana, J.1
  • 255
    • 0033677412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The manipulation of ethnicity: From ethnic cooperation to violence and war in yugoslavia
    • Oberschall, Anthony. “The Manipulation of Ethnicity: From Ethnic Cooperation to Violence and War in Yugoslavia.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 23 (2000): 982–1001.
    • (2000) Ethnic and Racial Studies , vol.23 , pp. 982-1001
    • Oberschall, A.1
  • 256
    • 17244368371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Framing processes and social movements: An overview and assessment
    • Benford, Robert and David Snow. “Framing Processes and Social Movements: An Overview and Assessment.” Annual Review of Sociology26 (2000): 611–639.
    • (2000) Annual Review of Sociology , vol.26 , pp. 611-639
    • Benford, R.1    Snow, D.2
  • 257
    • 84936628467 scopus 로고
    • Social theory, social research, and a theory of action
    • James Coleman, “Social Theory, Social Research, and a Theory of Action,” American Journal of Sociology 91: 6 (1986): 1301–35.
    • (1986) American Journal of Sociology , vol.91 , Issue.6 , pp. 1301-1335
    • Coleman, J.1
  • 258
    • 84927963362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How does community context matter? Social mechanisms and the explanation of crime rates
    • Per-Olof H. Wikstrom and Robert Sampson, eds., London: Cambridge University Press
    • Robert Sampson, “How Does Community Context Matter? Social Mechanisms and the Explanation of Crime Rates,” in Per-Olof H. Wikstrom and Robert Sampson, eds., The Explanation of Crime: Context, Mechanisms, and Development (London: Cambridge University Press, 2006), pp. 311–360.
    • (2006) The Explanation of Crime: Context, Mechanisms, and Development , pp. 311-360
    • Sampson, R.1
  • 259
    • 0000204509 scopus 로고
    • Social change and crime rate trends: A routine activity approach
    • Lawrence Cohen and Marcus Felson, “Social Change and Crime Rate Trends: A Routine Activity Approach,” American Sociological Review 44: 4 (1979): 588–608.
    • (1979) American Sociological Review , vol.44 , Issue.4 , pp. 588-608
    • Cohen, L.1    Felson, M.2
  • 260
    • 0001373743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Routine activities and individual delinquent behavior
    • D.W. Osgoode et al., “Routine Activities and Individual Delinquent Behavior,” American Sociological Review 61: 4 (1996): 635–655.
    • (1996) American Sociological Review , vol.61 , Issue.4 , pp. 635-655
    • Osgoode, D.W.1
  • 261
  • 263
    • 0003994957 scopus 로고
    • New York: BasicBooks
    • Jack Katz, The Seductions of Crime (New York: BasicBooks, 1988), pp. 361–370.
    • (1988) The Seductions of Crime , pp. 361-370
    • Katz, J.1
  • 267
    • 84873995225 scopus 로고
    • Race prejudice as a sense of group position
    • Herbert Blumer, “Race Prejudice as a Sense of Group Position,” Pacific Sociological Review 1 (1958): 31–37.
    • (1958) Pacific Sociological Review , vol.1 , pp. 31-37
    • Blumer, H.1
  • 268
    • 0033677412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The manipulation of ethnicity: From ethnic cooperation to violence and war in yugoslavia
    • Anthony Oberschall, “The Manipulation of Ethnicity: From Ethnic Cooperation to Violence and War in Yugoslavia,” Ethnic and Racial Studies 23 (2000): 982–1001.
    • (2000) Ethnic and Racial Studies , vol.23 , pp. 982-1001
    • Oberschall, A.1
  • 269
    • 0003375704 scopus 로고
    • Hiroshima, the holocaust, and the politics of exclusion
    • William Gamson, “Hiroshima, the Holocaust, and the Politics of Exclusion,” American Sociological Review 60 (1995): 11–20.
    • (1995) American Sociological Review , vol.60 , pp. 11-20
    • Gamson, W.1
  • 270
    • 69049096655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survey methodology and the darfur genocide
    • Samuel Totten and Eric Markusen, eds., New York: Routledge
    • Jonathan Howard, “Survey Methodology and the Darfur Genocide,” in Samuel Totten and Eric Markusen, eds., Genocide in Darfur: Investigating the Atrocities in Sudan (New York: Routledge, 2006), p. 67.
    • (2006) Genocide in Darfur: Investigating the Atrocities in Sudan , pp. 67
    • Howard, J.1
  • 271
    • 5044236980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Violence and mortality in west darfur, sudan (20031–04): Epidemiological evidence from four surveys
    • Evelyn Depoortere et al., “Violence and Mortality in West Darfur, Sudan (20031–04): Epidemiological Evidence from Four Surveys,” The Lancet 364 (2004): 1315–20.
    • (2004) The Lancet , vol.364 , pp. 1315-1320
    • Depoortere, E.1
  • 276
    • 65249090572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geointelligence informs darfur policy
    • September 1
    • Cyrena Respini-Irwin, “Geointelligence Informs Darfur Policy,” Geointelligence, September 1, 2005.
    • (2005) Geointelligence
    • Respini-Irwin, C.1
  • 277
    • 84925912386 scopus 로고
    • Race and involvement in common law personal crimes
    • Michael Hindelang, “Race and Involvement in Common Law Personal Crimes,” American Sociological Review 43 (1978): 93–109.
    • (1978) American Sociological Review , vol.43 , pp. 93-109
    • Hindelang, M.1
  • 281
    • 84924177906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International Commission of Inquiry on Darfur to the United Nations Secretary-General, January 25, Geneva
    • International Commission of Inquiry on Darfur to the United Nations Secretary-General, January 25, 2005, Geneva, pp. 941–96.
    • (2005) , pp. 941-996
  • 284
    • 84924151006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Case No. ICTR-961–4-T, International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, Office of the Prosecutor at
    • United Nations Judgment Report, The Prosecutor v. Jean-Paul Akayesu, Case No. ICTR-961–4-T, International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, Office of the Prosecutor at 7.8., 1998.
    • (1998) The Prosecutor V. Jean-Paul Akayesu , vol.7 , Issue.8
    • United Nations Judgment Report1
  • 285
    • 84924131659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Final report of the united nations commission of experts established pursuant to security council resolution 780, may 27, 1994 and kelly askin, “analysis: Foca’s monumental jurisprudence
    • Cherif Bassiouni, “Final Report of the United Nations Commission of Experts Established Pursuant to Security Council Resolution 780,” May 27, 1994 and Kelly Askin, “Analysis: Foca’s Monumental Jurisprudence,” Tribunal Update 226,181–23, June 2001.
    • (2001) Tribunal Update , vol.226 , pp. 181-223
    • Bassiouni, C.1
  • 286
    • 27844542224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The banality of good: Aligning incentives against mass atrocity
    • Mark Osiel, “The Banality of Good: Aligning Incentives against Mass Atrocity,” Columbia Law Review 105 (2005): 1751–1862.
    • (2005) Columbia Law Review , vol.105 , pp. 1751-1862
    • Osiel, M.1
  • 287
    • 84924130146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UN Commission of Inquiry., p. 82.
  • 289
    • 84924184039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. Criticizes sudans president for denying rape in darfur
    • March 20
    • The Associated Press, “U.S. Criticizes Sudan’s President for Denying Rape in Darfur,” International Herald Tribune, March 20, 2007.
    • (2007) International Herald Tribune
    • The Associated Press1
  • 290
    • 84924128854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UN Commission of Inquiry on Darfur, op cit
    • Prunier, The Ambiguous Genocide. UN Commission of Inquiry on Darfur.
    • The Ambiguous Genocide
  • 291
    • 47049106833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A policy of rape
    • June5
    • Nicholas Kristof, “A Policy of Rape,” New York Times, June 5, 2005, p. 79.
    • (2005) New York Times , pp. 79
    • Kristof, N.1
  • 292
    • 84924142585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sudanese rape victims find justice blind to plight
    • November 8
    • Emily Wax, “Sudanese Rape Victims Find Justice Blind to Plight,” Washington Post, November 8, 2004, p. 66.
    • (2004) Washington Post , pp. 66
    • Wax, E.1
  • 293
    • 84924161918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • “Sudan Arrests Annan’s Darfur Translator,” May 31
    • Reuters Alertnet, “Sudan Arrests Annan’s Darfur Translator,” May 31, 2005.
    • (2005)
    • Alertnet, R.1
  • 294
    • 84924095268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Africa: War on the rescuers
    • January 29
    • Rod Nordland, Africa: War on the Rescuers, Newsweek World News, January 29, 2007.
    • (2007) Newsweek World News
    • Nordland, R.1
  • 296
    • 84924158484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • “Frontline” interview, posted online April 1
    • Boutros Boutros-Ghali, “Frontline” interview, posted online April 1, 2004. www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/ghosts/themes/lessons.html
    • (2004)
    • Boutros-Ghali, B.1
  • 297
    • 0004115317 scopus 로고
    • New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston
    • Edwin Sutherland, White Collar Crime (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1949).
    • (1949) White Collar Crime
    • Sutherland, E.1
  • 300
    • 84924116394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 23 sudanese die in raid in egypt
    • December 31
    • Abheer Allam and Michael Slackman, “23 Sudanese Die in Raid in Egypt,” New York Times, December 31, 2005, p. 1.
    • (2005) New York Times , pp. 1
    • Allam, A.1    Slackman, M.2
  • 302
    • 0023257839 scopus 로고
    • Characterizing criminal careers
    • Alfred Blumstein and Jacqueline Cohen, “Characterizing Criminal Careers,” Science 237 (1987): 985–91.
    • (1987) Science , vol.237 , pp. 985-991
    • Blumstein, A.1    Cohen, J.2
  • 303
    • 84984363212 scopus 로고
    • Making rationality relevant
    • Alfred Blumstein, “Making Rationality Relevant,” Criminology 31 (1993): 1–16.
    • (1993) Criminology , vol.31 , pp. 1-16
    • Blumstein, A.1
  • 304
    • 0002721177 scopus 로고
    • The efficacy of correctional treatment: A review and synthesis of meta-evaluations
    • J. McGuire, ed., Chichester: John Wiley & Sons
    • Friedrich Losel, “The Efficacy of Correctional Treatment: A Review and Synthesis of Meta-Evaluations,” in J. McGuire, ed., What Works: Reducing Reoffending (Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 1995).
    • (1995) What Works: Reducing Reoffending
    • Losel, F.1
  • 305
    • 0027673750 scopus 로고
    • Adolescence-limited and life course persistent anti-social behavior: A developmental taxonomy
    • Terrie Moffitt, “Adolescence-Limited and Life Course Persistent Anti-Social Behavior: A Developmental Taxonomy,” Psychological Review 100:4 (1993): 674–701.
    • (1993) Psychological Review , vol.100 , Issue.4 , pp. 674-701
    • Moffitt, T.1
  • 306
    • 0000414040 scopus 로고
    • Social structure and anomie
    • Robert Merton, “Social Structure and Anomie,” American Sociological Review3 (1938): 672–82.
    • (1938) American Sociological Review , vol.3 , pp. 672-682
    • Merton, R.1
  • 307
    • 0003992999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chicago: University of Chicago Press
    • David Garland, The Culture of Control (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2001).
    • (2001) The Culture of Control
    • Garland, D.1
  • 309
    • 21344496702 scopus 로고
    • The social embeddedness of crime and unemployment
    • John Hagan, “The Social Embeddedness of Crime and Unemployment.” Criminology 31 (1993): 465–91.
    • (1993) Criminology , vol.31 , pp. 465-491
    • Hagan, J.1
  • 312
    • 34247151221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (Vancouver, BC: Liu Institute for Global Issues, University of British Columbia), Chapter 2
    • Human Security Centre, Human Security Brief 2006 (Vancouver, BC: Liu Institute for Global Issues, University of British Columbia), Chapter 2.
    • Human Security Brief 2006
    • Human Security Centre1
  • 313
    • 78650123841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Homeless youth and the perilous passage to adulthood
    • D. Wayne Osgoode, E. Michael Foster, Constance Flanagan, and Gretchen R. Ruth, eds., Chicago: University of Chicago Press
    • Joel Handler, “Homeless Youth and the Perilous Passage to Adulthood,” in D. Wayne Osgoode, E. Michael Foster, Constance Flanagan, and Gretchen R. Ruth, eds., On Your Own without A Net: The Transition to Adulthood for Vulnerable Populations (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005).
    • (2005) On Your Own without a Net: The Transition to Adulthood for Vulnerable Populations
    • Handler, J.1
  • 314
    • 79952815939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arrested while grieving
    • May 26
    • Bob Herbert, “Arrested while Grieving,” New York Times, May 26, 2007, p. 78.
    • (2007) New York Times , pp. 78
    • Herbert, B.1
  • 316
    • 0027420435 scopus 로고
    • Defiance, deterrence, and irrelevance: A theory of the criminal sanction
    • Laurence Sherman, “Defiance, Deterrence, and Irrelevance: A Theory of the Criminal Sanction,” Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 30 (1993): 445–73.
    • (1993) Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency , vol.30 , pp. 445-473
    • Sherman, L.1
  • 317
    • 84924191243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • “Definition and Historical Background of the Janjaweed,” Sudan Embassy in South Africa, August 21
    • Hassan E. El Talib, “Definition and Historical Background of the Janjaweed,” Sudan Embassy in South Africa, August 21, 2004.
    • (2004)
    • Talib, H.E.E.1
  • 318
    • 84924194161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • “Darfur: The Next Afghanistan?” Darfur Information, European-Sudanese Public Affairs Council
    • Ali Ali-Dinar, “Darfur: The Next Afghanistan?” Darfur Information, European-Sudanese Public Affairs Council.
    • Ali-Dinar, A.1
  • 319
    • 84924138288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The perfect weapon for the meanest wars
    • April 29
    • Jeffrey Gettleman, “The Perfect Weapon for the Meanest Wars,” New York Times, April 29, 2007, p. 41.
    • (2007) New York Times , pp. 41
    • Gettleman, J.1
  • 320
    • 0004233058 scopus 로고
    • New York: McGraw-Hill
    • Edwin Lemert, Social Pathology (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1951), p. 76.
    • (1951) Social Pathology , pp. 76
    • Lemert, E.1
  • 323
    • 84924172377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • If we return, we will be killed: Consolidation of ethnic cleansing in darfur, sudan
    • Human Rights Watch, “‘If We Return, We Will Be Killed’: Consolidation of Ethnic Cleansing in Darfur, Sudan,” HRW Report, November 2004.
    • (2004) HRW Report
    • Human Rights Watch1
  • 324
    • 84924117815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • “Targeting the Fur: Mass Killings in Darfur,” A Human Rights Watch Briefing Paper, January 21
    • Human Rights Watch, “Targeting the Fur: Mass Killings in Darfur,” A Human Rights Watch Briefing Paper, January 21, 2005, p. 11.
    • (2005) , pp. 11
    • Human Rights Watch1
  • 325
    • 84924186773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • “Trafficking and Forced Recruitment of Child Soldiers on the Chad/Sudan Boarder,” Waging Peace, London, 6 June
    • Waging Peace, “Trafficking and Forced Recruitment of Child Soldiers on the Chad/Sudan Boarder,” Waging Peace, London, 6 June, 2008.
    • (2008)
    • Peace, W.1
  • 326
    • 84924187663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zurich: Orell and Fussli
    • Gunnar Heinshon, Sohne and Weltmacht [Sons and World Power] (Zurich: Orell and Fussli, 2003), pp. 59–71.
    • (2003) Sohne and Weltmacht , pp. 59-71
    • Heinshon, G.1
  • 329
    • 84924150661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • “Targeting the Fur: Mass Killings in Darfur
    • Human Rights Watch, “Targeting the Fur: Mass Killings in Darfur,”, p. 9.
    • Human Rights Watch1
  • 330
    • 84924138577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • “Return-Oriented Profiling in the Southern Part of West Darfur and Corresponding Chadian Border Area,” United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, July
    • INTERSOS, “Return-Oriented Profiling in the Southern Part of West Darfur and Corresponding Chadian Border Area,” United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, July 2005.
    • (2005)
    • INTERSOS1
  • 331
    • 84924117296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Darfur graves unearth evidence of atrocities
    • May 28
    • Alfred de Montesquiou, “Darfur Graves Unearth Evidence of Atrocities,” Moscow Times, May 28, 2007, Issue 3665.
    • (2007) Moscow Times , Issue.3665
    • Montesquiou, A.D.1
  • 332
    • 84924185613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resettlement or land grab?: ‘arabization’ scheme is feared in darfur as chadians move in
    • August 12
    • Edmund Sanders, “Resettlement or Land Grab?: ‘Arabization’ Scheme Is Feared in Darfur as Chadians Move In,” Los Angeles Times, August 12, 2007, p. 65–71.
    • (2007) Los Angeles Times , pp. 65-71
    • Sanders, E.1
  • 334
    • 84924172039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Make sense of the senseless
    • Daniel Clinton and Jennifer Edwards, “Make Sense of the Senseless,” Context 2 (2003):12–19.
    • (2003) Context , vol.2 , pp. 12-19
    • Clinton, D.1    Edwards, J.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.