Causation and Explanation in Social Science

The Oxford Handbook of Political Methodology

Volumn , Issue , 2008, Pages

  Brady, Henry E ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Causal inference; Causation; Counterfactual; INUS model; Statistics

Indexed keywords

EID: 84924081465     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199286546.003.0010     Document Type: Chapter

References (91)

1. ABBOTT, A. 1983. Sequences of social events. Historical Methods, 16: 129-47.
2. ABBOTT, A. 1992. From causes to events. Sociological Methods and Research, 20: 428-55.
3. ABBOTT, A. 1995. Sequence analysis: new methods for old ideas. Annual Review of Sociology, 21: 93-113.
4. ACHEN, C. H. 1983. Toward theories of data: the state of political methodology. In Political Science: The State of the Discipline, ed. A. Finifter. Washington, DC: American Political Science Association.
5. BARTELS, L., and BRADY, H. E. 1993. The state of quantitative political methodology. In Political Science: The State of the Discipline, 2nd edn., ed. A. Finifter. Washington, DC: American Political Science Association.
6. BEAUCHAMP, T. L., and ROSENBERG, A. 1981. Hume and the Problem of Causation. New York: Oxford University Press.
7. BENNETT, J. 1988. Events and Their Names. Indianapolis: Hackett.
8. BERGER, P. L., and LUCKMANN, T. 1966. The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge. Garden City, NY: Anchor.
9. BRADY, H. E., and COLLIER, D. 2004. Rethinking Social Inquiry: Diverse Tools, Shared Standards. New York: Rowman and Littlefield.
10. BRADY, H. E., HERRON, M. C., MEBANE, W. R., SEKHON, J. S., SHOTTS, W. S., and WAND, J. 2001. Law and data: the butterfly ballot episode. PS: Political Science and Politics, 34: 59-69.
11. CAMPBELL, D. T., and STANLEY, J. C. 1966. Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research. Chicago: Rand McNally.
12. CARTWRIGHT, N. 1989. Nature's Capacities and Their Measurement. New York: Oxford University Press.
13. COOK, T. D., and CAMPBELL, D. T. 1979. Quasi-Experimentation: Design and Analysis Issues for Field Settings. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
14. COOK, T. D., and CAMPBELL, D. T. 1986. The causal assumptions of quasi-experimental practice. Synthese, 68: 141-180.
15. COX, D. R. 1958. The Planning of Experiments. New York: Wiley.
16. COX, D. R. 1992. Causality: some statistical aspects. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A (Statistics in Society), 155: 291-301.
17. COX, G. W. 1997. Making Votes Count: Strategic Coordination in the World's Electoral Systems, New York: Cambridge University Press.
18. DAVIDSON, D. 2001. Essays on Actions and Events, 2nd edn. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
19. DESSLER, D. 1991. Beyond correlations: toward a causal theory of war. International Studies Quarterly, 35: 337-355.
20. DILTHEY, W. 1961. Pattern and Meaning in History: Thoughts on History and Society. New York: Harper.
21. DURKHEIM, E. 1982 [1895]. The Rules of Sociological Method. New York: Free Press.
22. ELSTER, J. 1998. A plea for mechanisms. In Social Mechanisms, ed. P. Hedström and R. Swedberg. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
23. EHRING, D. 1997. Causation and Persistence: A Theory of Causation. New York: Oxford University Press.
24. FEARON, J. D. 1991. Counterfactuals and hypothesis testing in political science. World Politics, 43: 169-95.
25. FISHER, R. A., SIR 1925. Statistical Methods for Research Workers. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd.
26. FISHER, R. A., 1926. The arrangement of field experiments. Journal of the Ministry of Agriculture, 33: 503-13.
27. FISHER, R. A., 1935. The Design of Experiments. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd.
28. FREEDMAN, D. A. 1987. As others see us: a case study in path analysis. Journal of Educational Statistics, 12: 101-223, with discussion.
29. FREEDMAN, D. A. 1991. Statistical models and shoe leather. Sociological Methodology, 21: 291-313.
30. FREEDMAN, D. A. 1997. From association to causation via regression. Pp. 113-61 in Causality in Crisis? ed. V. R. McKim and S. P. Turner, Notre Dame, Ind.: University of Notre Dame Press.
31. FREEDMAN, D. A. 1999. From association to causation: some remarks on the history of statistics. Statistical Science, 14: 243-58.
32. GASKING, D. 1955. Causation and recipes. Mind, 64: 479-87.
33. GLENNAN, S. S. 1996. Mechanisms and the nature of causation. Erkenntnis, 44: 49-71.
34. GOLDTHORPE, J. H. 2001. Causation, statistics, and sociology. European Sociological Review, 17: 1-20.
35. GOODMAN, N. 1947. The problem of counterfactual conditionals. Journal of Philosophy, 44: 113-28.
36. HARRÉ, R., and MADDEN, E. H. c 1975. Causal Powers: A Theory of Natural Necessity. Oxford: B. Blackwell.
37. HAUSMAN, D. M. 1998. Causal Asymmetries. New York: Cambridge University Press.
38. HECKMAN, J. J. 1979. Sample selection bias as a specification error. Econometrica, 47: 153-62.
39. HEDSTRÖM, P., and SWEDBERG, R., (eds.) 1998. Social Mechanisms: An Analytical Approach to Social Theory. New York: Cambridge University Press.
40. HEMPEL, C. G. 1965. Aspects of Scientific Explanation. New York: Free Press.
41. HILL, A. B. 1965. The environment and disease: association or causation? Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 58: 295-300.
42. HOLLAND, P. W. 1986. Statistics and causal inference (in theory and methods). Journal of the American Statistical Association, 81: 945-60.
43. HUME, D. 1739. A Treatise of Human Nature, ed. L. A. Selby-Bigge and P. H. Nidditch. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
44. HUME, D. 1748. An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, ed. T. L. Beauchamp. New York: Oxford University Press.
45. KITCHER, P., and SALMON, W. 1987. Van Fraassen on explanation. Journal of Philosopy, 84: 315-30.
46. LAKOFF, G., and JOHNSON, M. 1980a. Conceptual metaphor in everyday language. Journal of Philosophy, 77 (8): 453-86.
47. LAKOFF, G., and JOHNSON, M. 1980b. Metaphors We Live By. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
48. LAKOFF, G., and JOHNSON, M. 1999. Philosophy in the Flesh: The Embodied Mind and its Challenge to Western Thought. New York: Basic Books.
49. LEWIS, D. 1973a. Counterfactuals. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.
50. LEWIS, D. 1973b. Causation. Journal of Philosophy, 70: 556-67.
51. LEWIS, D. 1979. Counterfactual dependence and time's arrow. Noûs, Special Issue on Counterfactuals and Laws, 13: 455-76.
52. LEWIS, D. 1986. Philosophical Papers, vol. ii. New York: Oxford University Press.
53. MACHAMBER, P., DARDEN, L., and CRAVER, C. F. 2000. Thinking about mechanisms. Philosophy of Science, 67: 1-25.
54. MACKIE, J. L. 1965. Causes and conditions. American Philosophical Quarterly, 2: 245-64.
55. MARINI, M. M., and SINGER, B. 1988. Causality in the social sciences. Sociological Methodology, 18: 347-409.
56. MAULDON, J., MALVIN, J., STILES, J., NICOSIA, N., and SETO, E. 2000. Impact of California's Cal-Learn Demonstration Project: final report. UC DATA Archive and Technical Assistance.
57. MELLORS, D. H. 1995. The Facts of Causation. London: Routledge.
58. MENZIES, P., and PRICE, H. 1993. Causation as a secondary quality. British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 44: 187-203.
59. MILL, J. S. 1888 A System of Logic, Ratiocinative and Inductive, 8th edn. New York: Harper and Brothers.
60. NEYMAN, J. 1990. On the application of probability theory to agricultural experiments: essay on principles, trans. D. M. Dabrowska and T. P. Speed. Statistical Science, 5: 463-80; first pub. in Polish 1923.
61. PAPINEAU, D. 1985. Causal asymmetry. British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 36: 273-89.
62. PEARL, J. 2000. Causality: Models, Reasoning, and Inference. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
63. PEARSON, K. 1911. The Grammar of Science, 3rd edn. rev. and enlarged, Part 1: Physical. London: Adam and Charles Black.
64. PIERSON, P. 2004. Politics in Time: History, Institutions, and Social Analysis. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
65. RAGIN, C. C. 1987. The Comparative Method: Moving beyond Qualitiative and Quantitative Strategies. Berkeley: University of California Press.
66. RIKER, W. H. 1957. Events and situations. Journal of Philosophy, 54: 57-70.
67. RUBIN, D. B. 1974. Estimating causal effects of treatments in randomized and nonrandomized studies. Journal of Educational Psychology, 66: 688-701.
68. RUBIN, D. B. 1978. Bayesian inference for causal effects: the role of randomization. Annals of Statistics, 6: 34-58.
69. RUBIN, D. B. 1986. Statistics and casual inference: comment: which ifs have casual answers. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 81: 945-70.
70. RUBIN, D. B. 1990. Comment: Neyman (1923) and causal inference in experiments and observational studies. Statistical Science, 5: 472-80.
71. RUSSELL, B. 1918. On the notion of cause. In Mysticism and Logic and Other Essays. New York: Longmans, Green.
72. SALMON, W. C. 1990. Four Decades of Scientific Explanation. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
73. SEARLE, J. R. 1969. Speech Acts: An Essay in the Philosophy of Language. London: Cambridge University Press.
74. SEARLE, J. R. 1997. The Construction of Social Reality. New York: Free Press.
75. SHAFER, G. 1996. The Art of Casual Conjecture. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
76. SIMON, H. A. 1952. On the definition of the causal relation. Journal of Philosophy, 49: 517-28.
77. SIMON, H. A., and IWASAKI, Y. 1988. Causal ordering, comparative statics, and near decomposability. Journal of Econometrics, 39: 149-73.
78. SOBEL, M. E. 1995. Causal inference in the social and behavioral sciences. In Handbook of Statistical Modeling for the Social and Behavioral Sciences, ed. G. Arminger, C. C. Clogg, and M. E. Sobel. New York: Plenum.
79. SORENSON, A. B. 1998. Theoretical mechanisms and the empirical study of social processes. In Social Mechanisms, ed. P. Hedström and R. Swedberg. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
80. SOSA, E., and TOOLEY, M. 1993. Causation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
81. SPELLMAN, B. A., and MANDEL, D. R. 1999. When possibility informs reality: counterfactual thinking as a cue to causality. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 8: 120-3.
82. SPRINZAK, E. 1972. Weber's thesis as an historical explanation. History and Theory, 11: 294-320.
83. TETLOCK, P. E., and BELKIN, A., (eds.) 1996. Counterfactual Thought Experiments in World Politics: Logical, Methodological, and Psychological Perspectives. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
84. TILLY, C. 1984. Big Structures, Large Processes, Huge Comparison. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
85. VAN FRAASSEN, B. 1980. The Scientific Image. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
86. VON WRIGHT, G. H. 1971. Explanation and Understanding. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
87. VON WRIGHT, G. H. 1974. Causality and Determinism. New York: Columbia University Press.
88. WAND, J. N., SHOTTS, K. W., SEKHON, J. S., MEBANE, W. R., HERRON, M. C., and BRADY, H. E. 1991. The butterfly did it: the aberrant vote for Buchanan in Palm Beach County, Florida. American Political Science Review, 95: 793-810.
89. WAWRO, G. 1996. The Austro-Prussian War: Austria's War with Prussia and Italy in 1866. New York: Cambridge University Press.
90. WEBER, M. 1906 [1978]. Selections in Translation, ed. W. G. Runciman, trans. E. Matthews. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
91. WENDT, A. 1999. Social Theory of International Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.