메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 6, Issue 1, 2015, Pages 56-68

Modeling the affective content of music with a Gaussian mixture model

Author keywords

Arousal; Gaussian mixture model; Music emotion recognition; Music information retrieval; Subjectivity; Valence

Indexed keywords

ASSOCIATION REACTIONS; AUDIO ACOUSTICS; BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH; GAUSSIAN DISTRIBUTION; HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION; INFORMATION RETRIEVAL; LEARNING ALGORITHMS; PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS;

EID: 84924020940     PISSN: 19493045     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TAFFC.2015.2397457     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (52)

References (91)
  • 1
    • 79751506928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why do we listen to music? A uses and gratifications analysis
    • A. J. Lonsdale and A. C. North, "Why do we listen to music? a uses and gratifications analysis," Brit. J. Psychol., vol. 102, pp. 108-134, 2011.
    • (2011) Brit. J. Psychol. , vol.102 , pp. 108-134
    • Lonsdale, A.J.1    North, A.C.2
  • 2
    • 50849112055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emotions evoked by the sound of music: Characterization, classification, and measurement
    • M. Zentner, D. Grandjean, and K. R. Scherer, "Emotions evoked by the sound of music: Characterization, classification, and measurement,"Emotion, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 494-521, 2008.
    • (2008) Emotion , vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp. 494-521
    • Zentner, M.1    Grandjean, D.2    Scherer, K.R.3
  • 3
    • 85035841760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression, perception, and induction of musical emotions: A review and a questionnaire study of everyday listening
    • P. Juslin and P. Laukka, "Expression, perception, and induction of musical emotions: A review and a questionnaire study of everyday listening," J. New Music Res., vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 217-238, 2004.
    • (2004) J. New Music Res. , vol.33 , Issue.3 , pp. 217-238
    • Juslin, P.1    Laukka, P.2
  • 4
    • 27844523957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survey of music information needs, uses, and seeking behaviours: Preliminary findings
    • J. H. Lee and J. S. Downie, "Survey of music information needs, uses, and seeking behaviours: Preliminary findings," in Proc. Int. Soc. Music Inf. Retrieval Conf., 2004, pp. 441-446.
    • Proc. Int. Soc. Music Inf. Retrieval Conf., 2004 , pp. 441-446
    • Lee, J.H.1    Downie, J.S.2
  • 8
    • 31144442341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling perceived emotion with continuous musical features
    • E. Schubert, "Modeling perceived emotion with continuous musical features," Music Perception, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 561-585, 2004.
    • (2004) Music Perception , vol.21 , Issue.4 , pp. 561-585
    • Schubert, E.1
  • 9
    • 33745763122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction of musical affect using a combination of acoustic structural cues
    • M. Leman, V. Vermeulen, L. D. Voogdt, D. Moelants, and M. Lesaffre, "Prediction of musical affect using a combination of acoustic structural cues," J. New Music Res., vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 39-67, 2005.
    • (2005) J. New Music Res. , vol.34 , Issue.1 , pp. 39-67
    • Leman, M.1    Vermeulen, V.2    Voogdt, L.D.3    Moelants, D.4    Lesaffre, M.5
  • 10
    • 13144279345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Affective video content representation and modeling
    • A. Hanjalic and L. Xu, "Affective video content representation and modeling," IEEE Trans. Multimedia, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 143-154, 2005.
    • (2005) IEEE Trans. Multimedia , vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp. 143-154
    • Hanjalic, A.1    Xu, L.2
  • 11
    • 33744975700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Automatic mood detection and tracking of music audio signals
    • Jan.
    • L. Lu, D. Liu, and H. Zhang, "Automatic mood detection and tracking of music audio signals," IEEE Trans. Audio, Speech Lang. Process., vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 5-18, Jan. 2006.
    • (2006) IEEE Trans. Audio, Speech Lang. Process. , vol.14 , Issue.1 , pp. 5-18
    • Lu, L.1    Liu, D.2    Zhang, H.3
  • 15
    • 49549124035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Automatic emotion prediction of song excerpts: Index construction, algorithm design, and empirical comparison
    • K. F. MacDorman, S. Ough, and C.-C. Ho, "Automatic emotion prediction of song excerpts: Index construction, algorithm design, and empirical comparison," J. New Music Res., vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 281-299, 2007.
    • (2007) J. New Music Res. , vol.36 , Issue.4 , pp. 281-299
    • MacDorman, K.F.1    Ough, S.2    Ho, C.-C.3
  • 17
    • 84555199091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When lyrics outperform audio for music mood classification: A feature analysis
    • X. Hu and J. S. Downie, "When lyrics outperform audio for music mood classification: A feature analysis," in Proc. Int. Soc. Music Inf. Retrieval Conf., 2010, pp. 619-624.
    • Proc. Int. Soc. Music Inf. Retrieval Conf., 2010 , pp. 619-624
    • Hu, X.1    Downie, J.S.2
  • 18
    • 77952100523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Mister D.J., Cheer Me Up!': Musical and textual features for automatic mood classification
    • B. Schuller, C. Hage, D. Schuller, and G. Rigoll, "'Mister D.J., Cheer Me Up!': Musical and textual features for automatic mood classification," J. New Music Res., vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 13-34, 2010.
    • (2010) J. New Music Res. , vol.39 , Issue.1 , pp. 13-34
    • Schuller, B.1    Hage, C.2    Schuller, D.3    Rigoll, G.4
  • 19
    • 84873646150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction of multidimensional emotional ratings in music from audio using multivariate regression models
    • T. Eerola, O. Lartillot, and P. Toiviainen, "Prediction of multidimensional emotional ratings in music from audio using multivariate regression models," in Proc. Int. Soc. Music Inf. Retrieval Conf., 2009, pp. 621-626.
    • Proc. Int. Soc. Music Inf. Retrieval Conf., 2009 , pp. 621-626
    • Eerola, T.1    Lartillot, O.2    Toiviainen, P.3
  • 20
    • 79951628231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ranking-based emotion recognition for music organization and retrieval
    • May
    • Y.-H. Yang and H. H. Chen, "Ranking-based emotion recognition for music organization and retrieval," IEEE Trans. Audio, Speech Lang. Process., vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 762-774, May 2011.
    • (2011) IEEE Trans. Audio, Speech Lang. Process. , vol.19 , Issue.4 , pp. 762-774
    • Yang, Y.-H.1    Chen, H.H.2
  • 21
    • 85008559668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction of the distribution of perceived music emotions using discrete samples
    • Sep.
    • Y.-H. Yang and H. H. Chen, "Prediction of the distribution of perceived music emotions using discrete samples," IEEE Trans. Audio, Speech Lang. Process., vol. 19, no. 7, pp. 2184-2196, Sep. 2011.
    • (2011) IEEE Trans. Audio, Speech Lang. Process. , vol.19 , Issue.7 , pp. 2184-2196
    • Yang, Y.-H.1    Chen, H.H.2
  • 27
    • 84864517995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Machine recognition of music emotion: A review
    • Y.-H. Yang and H.-H. Chen, "Machine recognition of music emotion: A review," ACM Trans. Intell. Syst. Technol., vol. 3, no. 4, p. 40, 2012.
    • (2012) ACM Trans. Intell. Syst. Technol. , vol.3 , Issue.4 , pp. 40
    • Yang, Y.-H.1    Chen, H.-H.2
  • 28
    • 84884563198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multidisciplinary perspectives on music emotion recognition: Implications for content and context-based models
    • M. Barthet, G. Fazekas, and M. Sandler, "Multidisciplinary perspectives on music emotion recognition: Implications for content and context-based models," in Proc. Int. Symp. Comput. Music Model. Retrieval, 2012, pp. 492-507.
    • Proc. Int. Symp. Comput. Music Model. Retrieval, 2012 , pp. 492-507
    • Barthet, M.1    Fazekas, G.2    Sandler, M.3
  • 29
    • 84871358453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The acoustic emotion Gaussians model for emotion-based music annotation and retrieval
    • J.-C. Wang, Y.-H. Yang, H.-M. Wang, and S.-K. Jeng, "The acoustic emotion Gaussians model for emotion-based music annotation and retrieval," in Proc. ACM Multimedia, 2012, pp. 89-98.
    • Proc. ACM Multimedia, 2012 , pp. 89-98
    • Wang, J.-C.1    Yang, Y.-H.2    Wang, H.-M.3    Jeng, S.-K.4
  • 33
    • 84929424050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multi-modal music emotion recognition: A new dataset, methodology and comparative analysis
    • Retrieval
    • R. Panda, R. Malheiro, B. Rocha, A. Oliveira, and R. P. Paiva, "Multi-modal music emotion recognition: A new dataset, methodology and comparative analysis," in Proc. Int. Symp. Comput. Music Model. Retrieval, 2013, pp. 1-13.
    • (2013) Proc. Int. Symp. Comput. Music Model , pp. 1-13
    • Panda, R.1    Malheiro, R.2    Rocha, B.3    Oliveira, A.4    Paiva, R.P.5
  • 36
    • 84968172280 scopus 로고
    • Mood-optimizing strategies in aesthetic-choice behavior
    • S. J. Breckler, R. B. Allen, and V. J. Konečni, "Mood-optimizing strategies in aesthetic-choice behavior," Music Perception, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 459-470, 1985.
    • (1985) Music Perception , vol.2 , Issue.4 , pp. 459-470
    • Breckler, S.J.1    Allen, R.B.2    Konečni, V.J.3
  • 38
    • 84884580664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative study of music listening behavior in a social and affective context
    • Y.-H. Yang and J.-Y. Liu, "Quantitative study of music listening behavior in a social and affective context," IEEE Trans. Multimedia, vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 1304-1315, 2013.
    • (2013) IEEE Trans. Multimedia , vol.15 , Issue.6 , pp. 1304-1315
    • Yang, Y.-H.1    Liu, J.-Y.2
  • 40
    • 79953822842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Affect detection: An interdisciplinary review of models, methods, and their applications
    • Jan.
    • R. A. Calvo and S. D'Mello, "Affect detection: An interdisciplinary review of models, methods, and their applications," IEEE Trans. Affective Comput., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 18-37, Jan. 2010.
    • (2010) IEEE Trans. Affective Comput. , vol.1 , Issue.1 , pp. 18-37
    • Calvo, R.A.1    D'Mello, S.2
  • 42
    • 84859911947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multimodal database for affect recognition and implicit tagging
    • Jan.-Mar.
    • M. Soleymani, J. Lichtenauer, T. Pun, and M. Pantic, "A multimodal database for affect recognition and implicit tagging," IEEE Trans. Affective Comput., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 42-55, Jan.-Mar. 2012.
    • (2012) IEEE Trans. Affective Comput. , vol.3 , Issue.1 , pp. 42-55
    • Soleymani, M.1    Lichtenauer, J.2    Pun, T.3    Pantic, M.4
  • 43
    • 84902364868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inter-rater reliability for emotion annotation in human-computer interaction: Comparison and methodological improvements
    • I. Siegert, R. Böck, and A. Wendemuth, "Inter-rater reliability for emotion annotation in human-computer interaction: Comparison and methodological improvements," J. Multimodal User Interfaces, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 17-28, 2013.
    • (2013) J. Multimodal User Interfaces , vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp. 17-28
    • Siegert, I.1    Böck, R.2    Wendemuth, A.3
  • 44
    • 84886395193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Categorical and dimensional affect analysis in continuous input: Current trends and future directions
    • H. Gunesa and B. Schuller, "Categorical and dimensional affect analysis in continuous input: Current trends and future directions," Image Vis. Comput., vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 120-136, 2013.
    • (2013) Image Vis. Comput. , vol.31 , Issue.2 , pp. 120-136
    • Gunesa, H.1    Schuller, B.2
  • 45
    • 4544301135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of music on decreasing arousal due to stress:Ameta-analysis
    • C. L. Pelletier, "The effect of music on decreasing arousal due to stress:Ameta-analysis," J. Music Therapy, vol. 41, pp. 192-214, 2004.
    • (2004) J. Music Therapy , vol.41 , pp. 192-214
    • Pelletier, C.L.1
  • 46
    • 34247877470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uses of music and psychological well-being among the elderly
    • P. Laukka, "Uses of music and psychological well-being among the elderly," J. Happiness Stud., vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 215-241, 2007.
    • (2007) J. Happiness Stud. , vol.8 , Issue.2 , pp. 215-241
    • Laukka, P.1
  • 47
    • 70350205034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Computer-generating emotional music: The design of an affective music algorithm
    • I. Wallis, T. Ingalls, and E. Campana, "Computer-generating emotional music: The design of an affective music algorithm," in Proc. Int. Conf. Digital Audio Effects, 2008, pp. 1-6.
    • (2008) Proc. Int. Conf. Digital Audio Effects , pp. 1-6
    • Wallis, I.1    Ingalls, T.2    Campana, E.3
  • 48
    • 0038410367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emotional effects of music: Production rules
    • P. N. Juslin and J. A. Sloboda, Eds. New York, NY, USA: Oxford Univ. Press
    • M. Zentner and K. R. Scherer, "Emotional effects of music: production rules," in Music and Emotion: Theory and Research, P. N. Juslin and J. A. Sloboda, Eds. New York, NY, USA: Oxford Univ. Press, 2001.
    • (2001) Music and Emotion: Theory and Research
    • Zentner, M.1    Scherer, K.R.2
  • 49
    • 27944506733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Which emotions can be induced by music? What are the underlying mechanisms? And how can we measure them
    • K. R. Scherer, "Which emotions can be induced by music? what are the underlying mechanisms? and how can we measure them,"J. New Music Res., vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 239-251, 2004.
    • (2004) J. New Music Res. , vol.33 , Issue.5 , pp. 239-251
    • Scherer, K.R.1
  • 52
  • 54
    • 4644280844 scopus 로고
    • A circumplex model of affect
    • J. A. Russell, "A circumplex model of affect," J. Personality Soc. Sci., vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 1161-1178, 1980.
    • (1980) J. Personality Soc. Sci. , vol.39 , Issue.6 , pp. 1161-1178
    • Russell, J.A.1
  • 55
    • 33745759392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emotion perceived and emotion felt: Same or different?
    • A. Gabrielsson, "Emotion perceived and emotion felt: Same or different?"Musicae Sci., vol. 5, pp. 123-147, 2002.
    • (2002) Musicae Sci. , vol.5 , pp. 123-147
    • Gabrielsson, A.1
  • 57
    • 2942611661 scopus 로고
    • Measures of multivariate skewness and kurtosis with applications
    • K. V. Mardia, "Measures of multivariate skewness and kurtosis with applications," Biometrika, vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 519-530, 1970.
    • (1970) Biometrika , vol.57 , Issue.3 , pp. 519-530
    • Mardia, K.V.1
  • 59
    • 0033884858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Speaker verification using adapted Gaussian mixture models
    • D. A. Reynolds, T. F. Quatieri, and R. B. Dunn, "Speaker verification using adapted Gaussian mixture models," Digital Signal Process., vol. 10, no. 1-3, pp. 19-41, 2000.
    • (2000) Digital Signal Process. , vol.10 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 19-41
    • Reynolds, D.A.1    Quatieri, T.F.2    Dunn, R.B.3
  • 61
    • 39649112098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An efficient hybrid music recommender system using an incrementally trainable probabilistic generative model
    • K. Yoshii, M. Goto, K. Komatani, T. Ogata, and H. Okuno, "An efficient hybrid music recommender system using an incrementally trainable probabilistic generative model," IEEE Trans. Audio, Speech Lang. Process., vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 435-447, 2008.
    • (2008) IEEE Trans. Audio, Speech Lang. Process. , vol.16 , Issue.2 , pp. 435-447
    • Yoshii, K.1    Goto, M.2    Komatani, K.3    Ogata, T.4    Okuno, H.5
  • 65
    • 84888255673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating music emotion recognition: Lessons from music genre recognition
    • B. L. Sturm, "Evaluating music emotion recognition: Lessons from music genre recognition," in Proc. Int. Workshop Affective Anal. Multimeda, 2013, pp. 1-6.
    • Proc. Int. Workshop Affective Anal. Multimeda, 2013 , pp. 1-6
    • Sturm, B.L.1
  • 67
    • 84864142477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • At the interface between the inner and outer world: Psychological perspectives
    • P. N. Juslin and J. A. Sloboda, Eds. New York, NY, USA: Oxford Univ. Press
    • J. A. Sloboda and P. N. Juslin, "At the interface between the inner and outer world: Psychological perspectives," in Handbook of Music and Emotion: Theory, Research, Applications, P. N. Juslin and J. A. Sloboda, Eds. New York, NY, USA: Oxford Univ. Press, 2010.
    • (2010) Handbook of Music and Emotion: Theory, Research, Applications
    • Sloboda, J.A.1    Juslin, P.N.2
  • 72
    • 84904754003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A systematic evaluation of the bag-of-frames representation for music information retrieval
    • Aug.
    • L. Su, C.-C. M. Yeh, J.-Y. Liu, J.-C. Wang, and Y.-H. Yang, "A systematic evaluation of the bag-of-frames representation for music information retrieval," IEEE Trans. Multimedia, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 1188-1200, Aug. 2014.
    • (2014) IEEE Trans. Multimedia , vol.16 , Issue.5 , pp. 1188-1200
    • Su, L.1    Yeh, C.-C.M.2    Liu, J.-Y.3    Wang, J.-C.4    Yang, Y.-H.5
  • 73
    • 84911417606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Codebook-based audio feature representation for music information retrieval
    • Oct.
    • Y. Vaizman, B. McFee, and G. Lanckriet, "Codebook-based audio feature representation for music information retrieval,"IEEE/ACM Trans. Audio, Speech, Lang. Process., vol. 22, no. 10, pp. 1483-1493, Oct. 2014.
    • (2014) IEEE/ACM Trans. Audio, Speech, Lang. Process. , vol.22 , Issue.10 , pp. 1483-1493
    • Vaizman, Y.1    McFee, B.2    Lanckriet, G.3
  • 77
    • 31144440012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multidimensional scaling of emotional responses to music: The effect of musical expertise and of the duration of the excerpts
    • E. Bigand, S. Vieillard, F. Madurell, J. Marozeau, and A. Dacquet, "Multidimensional scaling of emotional responses to music: The effect of musical expertise and of the duration of the excerpts,"Cognition Emotion, vol. 19, no. 8, pp. 1113-1139, 2005.
    • (2005) Cognition Emotion , vol.19 , Issue.8 , pp. 1113-1139
    • Bigand, E.1    Vieillard, S.2    Madurell, F.3    Marozeau, J.4    Dacquet, A.5
  • 78
    • 50849085386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond valence and activity in the emotional connotations of music
    • G. Collier, "Beyond valence and activity in the emotional connotations of music," Psychol. Music, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 110-131, 2007.
    • (2007) Psychol. Music , vol.35 , Issue.1 , pp. 110-131
    • Collier, G.1
  • 82
    • 0022908610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Speaker-independent isolated word recognition based on emphasized spectral dynamics
    • S. Furui, "Speaker-independent isolated word recognition based on emphasized spectral dynamics," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust., Speech Signal Process., 1986, vol. 11, pp. 1991-1994.
    • Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust., Speech Signal Process., 1986 , vol.11 , pp. 1991-1994
    • Furui, S.1
  • 83
    • 0034543675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cue utilization in communication of emotion in music performance: Relating performance to perception
    • P. N. Juslin, "Cue utilization in communication of emotion in music performance: Relating performance to perception," J. Exp. Psychol.: Human Perception Perform., vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 1797-1813, 2000.
    • (2000) J. Exp. Psychol.: Human Perception Perform. , vol.16 , Issue.6 , pp. 1797-1813
    • Juslin, P.N.1
  • 84
    • 1642325338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of musical structure on emotional expression
    • P. N. Juslin and J. A. Sloboda, Eds. New York, NY, USA: Oxford Univ. Press
    • A. Gabrielsson and E. Lindströom, "The influence of musical structure on emotional expression," in Music and Emotion: Theory and Research, P. N. Juslin and J. A. Sloboda, Eds. New York, NY, USA: Oxford Univ. Press, 2001.
    • (2001) Music and Emotion: Theory and Research
    • Gabrielsson, A.1    Lindströom, E.2
  • 86
    • 84873451540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-cultural music moood classification: A comparison on English and Chinese songs
    • Y.-H. Yang and X. Hu, "Cross-cultural music moood classification: A comparison on English and Chinese songs," in Proc. 8th Int. Soc. Music Inf. Retrieval Conf., 2012, pp. 19-24.
    • Proc. 8th Int. Soc. Music Inf. Retrieval Conf., 2012 , pp. 19-24
    • Yang, Y.-H.1    Hu, X.2
  • 89
    • 79955702502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LIBSVM: A library for support vector machines
    • C.-C. Chang and C.-J. Lin, "LIBSVM: A library for support vector machines," ACM Trans. Intell. Syst. Technol., vol. 2, pp. 27:1-27:27, 2011.
    • (2011) ACM Trans. Intell. Syst. Technol. , vol.2 , pp. 27:1-27:27
    • Chang, C.-C.1    Lin, C.-J.2
  • 91
    • 68949198065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When nonsense sounds happy or helpless: The implicit positive and negative affect test (ipanat)
    • M. Quirin, M. Kazén, and J. Kuhl, "When nonsense sounds happy or helpless: The implicit positive and negative affect test (ipanat),"J. Personality Soc. Psychol., vol. 97, no. 3, p. 500, 2009.
    • (2009) J. Personality Soc. Psychol. , vol.97 , Issue.3 , pp. 500
    • Quirin, M.1    Kazén, M.2    Kuhl, J.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.