National judges and judges ad hoc of the international court of justice

International and Comparative Law Quarterly

Volumn 48, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 889-900

  Schwebel, Stephen M ^a  

^a International Court of Justice ^*  (United Kingdom)

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EID: 84923943188     PISSN: 00205893     EISSN: 14716895     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0020589300063727     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Fourth Annual Report of Permanent Court of International Justice, Series E, No.4, pp.75–76.
2. Procès-Verbaux of the Proceedings of the Advisory Committee of Jurists, 24th Meeting, 14 July 1920, pp.528–529.
3. Procès-Verbaux of the Proceedings of the Advisory Committee of Jurists., p.531.
4. Procès-Verbaux of the Proceedings of the Advisory Committee of Jurists., p.532.
5. Procès-Verbaux of the Proceedings of the Advisory Committee of Jurists., p.533.
6. Procès-Verbaux of the Proceedings of the Advisory Committee of Jurists., p.538.
7. Procès-Verbaux of the Proceedings of the Advisory Committee of Jurists., 34th Meeting, 24 July 1920, Annex No.l, Report, pp.720–722.
8. H. Lauterpacht, The Function of Law in the International Community (1933), p.215.
9. The Function of Law in the International Community., pp.233, 235, 236.
10. 45 Annuaire de I'lnstilul de Droit International (1954), Vol.1, p.534.
11. Annuaire de I'lnstilul de Droit International, p.465.
12. Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, I.CJ. Rep. 1993, pp.408–409.
13. For detailed studies on the voting patterns of national judges, see: Edith Brown Weiss, “Judicial Independence and Impartiality: A Preliminary Inquiry”, in L. F. Damroscb (Ed.), The International Court of Justice at a Crossroads (1987), pp.123 et seq.
14. Arthur Rovine, “The National Interest and the World Court”, in L. Gross (Ed.), The Future of the International Court of Justice (1976), pp 313 et seq.
15. G. Terry, “Factional Behaviour on the International Court of Justice: An Analysis of the First and Second Courts (1945–1951) and the Sixth and Seventh Courts (1961–1967)” (1975) 10 Melbourne U.L. Rev., at pp.59 et seq.
16. I. Ro Sun, “Voting Behaviour of National Judges in International Courts” (1969) 63 AJ.I.L., at pp.224 et seq.
17. T. Hensley, “National Bias and the International Court of Justice”, (1966) 12 Midwest J. Pol. Sci., pp.568 et seq.
18. W. Samore, “National Origins v. Impartial Decisions: A Study of World Court Holdings”, (1956) 34 Chicago-Kent Law Review, pp.193 et seq.
19. See the section of my Dissenting Opinion on “Statements by the Congress of the United States and by Congressmen opposed to United States support of the coniras”, Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua, I.CJ. Rep. 1986, pp.480–488.
20. The Democratic majority of the Congress, opposed to the Reagan Administration's policy on Nicaragua, nevertheless agreed, on the basis of intelligence briefings and otherwise, that Nicaragua maintained its material assistance to the Salvadoran guerrillas. The Court, perhaps unable to appreciate the significance of this in US politics, gave no weight to this extensive evidence (introduced by Nicaragua). As I observed at pp.480–481
21. See, for example, A. F. Lowenfeld, “The Party-Appointed Arbitrator in International Controversies: Some Reflections”, (1995) Texas International Law Journal 59
22. D. E. Zubrod, “Evident partiality and misconduct of arbitrators”, (1994) 11 Journal of Arbitration 115
23. J. H. Carter, “Living with the Party-Appointed Arbitrator Judicial Confusion, Ethical Codes and Practical Advice”, (1992) 3 American Review of International Arbitration 153 el seq.
24. M. Scott Donahey, “The Independence and Neutrality of Arbitrators”, (1992) 9 Journal of International Arbitration 31.
25. P.C.I.J., Series A, No.5, 51.
26. P.C.I.J., Series B, No.15, 27.
27. P.C.I.J., Series B, No.17, 33.
28. P.C.I.J., Series A/B, No.48, 289.
29. P.C.I.J., Series A/B, No.78, 179.
30. I.C.J. Rep. 1985,192, 231.
31. I.C.J. Rep. 1991,53,75.
32. I.C.J. Rep. 1993, 3,408.
33. I.C.J. Rep. 1997, 261, 278 et seq.
34. I.C.J. Rep. 1985, 13,57, 104.
35. I.C.J. Rep. 1992.351,611–617,621.
36. I.C.J. Rep. 1995,90, 224.
37. I.C.J. Rep. 1997,7, 83, 84.
38. P.C.I J., Series B, No.15
39. see also the Fourth Annual Report, P.C.I.J., Series E, No.4, 32 et seq.
40. P.C.I J., Series A/B, No.43,128 et seq.
41. P.C.I J., Series A/B, No.44, 4 et seq.
42. See P.C.U., Series D, Third Addendum to No.2, 17 et seq., 31 and 917 et seq.
43. Corfu Channel, Preliminary Objection, Judgment, 1948, I.C.J. Rep. 1947–1948, 15
44. Corfu Channel, Merits, Judgment, I.C.J. Rep. 1949, 4
45. Corfu Channel, Assessment of Amount of Compensation, Judgment, I.C.J. Rep. 1949, 244.
46. Legality of Use of Force (Yugoslavia v. Portugal), para.12.
47. Nottebohm, Preliminary Objection, I.C.J. Rep. 1953, 111.
48. Sovereignty over Certain Frontier Land, I.C.J. Rep. 1959, 209.
49. Temple of Preah Vihear, I.C.J. Rep. 1962, 6.
50. Border and Transborder Armed Actions (Nicaragua v. Honduras), Jurisdiction and Admissibility, I.C.J. Rep. 1988, 69.
51. Certain Phosphate Lands in Nauru (Nauru v. Australia) Preliminary Objections, I.C.J. Rep. 1992,240.
52. P.C.U., Series E, No.9, 161.
53. The Agent of Liechtenstein to the Registrar, April 29, 1954, I.C.J. Pleadings, Nottebohm, Vol.11, p.630.
54. Nottebohm, Second Phase, I.C.J. Rep. 1955, 6.
55. I.C.J. Pleadings, South West Africa, Vol. XII, 524 el seq.
56. Barcelona Traction, Light and Power Company, Limited, I.C.J. Rep. 1970, 3.
57. I.C.J., dissenting opinion Riphagen, 334 el seq.
58. See R. B. Lillich, “The Rigidity of Barcelona”, (1971) 65 A.J.I.L. 522.
59. Territorial Dispute (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya/Chad), Judgment, I.C.J. Rep. 1994, 6, dissenting opinion Sette-Camara, 93 et seq.
60. Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, Preliminary Objections, Judgment, I.C.J. Rep. 1996, 595, dissenting opinion Kreca, 658 el seq.
61. I.C.J., declaration of Judge Lauterpacht, 633.
62. For another, recent analysis of the institution of judges ad hoc, see Shabtai Rosenne, “Article 31 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice Revisited”, in Droit et Justice, Mélanges en I'hormeur de Nicolas Vallicos (1998).
63. See also the discussion on a paper presented by Elihu Lauterpacht in, Connie Peck and Roy S. Lee (Eds) Increasing the Effectiveness of the International Court of Justice (1997), pp.370–396.
64. An earlier version of this paper is to be found in Droit et Justice, Mélanges en l'honneur de Nicolas Valticos.