Environmentally friendly dyes

Handbook of Textile and Industrial Dyeing: Principles, Processes and Types of Dyes

Volumn 1, Issue , 2011, Pages 515-561

  Chavan, R B ^a  

^a BAHIR DAR UNIVERSITY   (Ethiopia)

Author keywords

Carcinogen; Dyes; Environment; Hazardous potential; Toxicity

Indexed keywords

AZO DYES; CARCINOGENS; CHEMICAL INDUSTRY; CHEMICAL OPERATIONS; DYEING; DYES; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION; POLLUTION; TEXTILES; TOXICITY;

CHEMICAL CONSTITUTION; ENVIRONMENT; ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION; ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTIONS; ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS; ENVIRONMENTAL-FRIENDLY; HAZARDOUS POTENTIAL; INTRODUCTION OF SYSTEMS;

WOOL;

EID: 84923578296     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1533/9780857093974.2.515     Document Type: Chapter

References (109)

1. Trotman E.R., Trotman S.R. Dyeing and Chemical Technology of Textile Fibres 1975, Griffin, London. 5th.
2. Nousiainen P. Modern textile dyeing takes note of the environment. Kem-Kemi 1997, 24(5):376-380.
3. Hunger K., Sewekow U. Health and safety aspects. Industrial Dyes: Chemistry, Properties, Applications 2003, 625-641. Wiley VCH, Weinheim. Hunger (Ed.).
4. http://www.ec.europa.eu/environment/chemicals/reach/reach_intro.htm.
5. http://www.unece.org/trans/danger/publi/ghs/ghs.
6. European Inventory of Existing Commercial Substances (EINECS), . http://www.ec.europa.eu/environment/chemicals/exist_subst/einecs.htm.
7. Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), USA, . http://www.epa.gov/lawsregs/laws/tsca.html.
8. Ministry of Environment, Japan, . http://www.env.go.jp/en/laws/.
9. http://www.colour-index.org.
10. Annex II Dyes and Pigments 2003, 511-534. European Commission IPPC, BAT, (July).
11. US Environmental Protection Agency Manual: Best Management Practices for Pollution Prevention in the Textile Industry 1995, EPA, USA.
12. Ullman's Encyclopaedia of Industrial Chemistry 2000, Wiley VCH, Weinheim.
13. Products for textile finishing, ecological evaluation 1994, BASF.
14. Chavan R.B. Revival of natural dyes. Colourage 1996, 27-30.
15. Dyes and Chemical Sensitivities, . http://www.organicclothing.blogs.com.
16. Gregory P. Toxicology of textile dyes. Environmental Aspects of Textile Dyeing 2007, 44-73. Woodhead Publishing Ltd, Cambridge, UK. R.M. Christie (Ed.).
17. Anliker R. Eco-toxicological assessment of dyes with particular reference to ETAD's activities. Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists 1979, 95:317-326.
18. Hatch K.L. Chemicals and textiles. Part II: Dermatological problems related to finishes. Textile Research Journal 1984, 54(11):664-682. 721-732.
19. Hatch K.L., Maibach H.I. Textile chemical finish dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 1986, 12:1079-1092.
20. Hatch K.L., Maibach H.I. Textile dyes as contact allergens: Part I. Textile Chemist and Colorist 1998, 30(3):22-29.
21. Hatch K.L., Maibach H.I. Dyes as contact allergens: A comprehensive record. Textile Chemist and Colorist and American Dyestuff Reporter 1999, 1(2):53-59.
22. Reactive dyes: Safe handling in textile finishing, . http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns.
23. Tronnier H. Effect of textiles on human skin. SOFW Journal 2002, 128(4):8. 10-12, 14.
24. Luczynska C.M., Topping M.D. Specific IgE antibodies to reactive dye-albumin conjugates. Journal of Immunological Methods 1986, 95(2):177-186.
25. Platzek T. Gesundheitsgefahrdung durch Bekleidungstextilien. Bundesgesundhbl 1997, 40:238-240.
26. Motschi H. ETAD guidance on labelling of reactive dyes. Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists 2000, 116:251-252.
27. Wattie J.M. A study into respiratory disease in dyehouse operatives exposed to reactive dyes. Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists 1987, 103:304-307.
28. Hausen B.M., Schultz K.H. Allergy to dyes in stockings. Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift 1984, 109(39):1469-1475.
29. Hausen B.M., Kleinheintz A., Mensing H. Kontaktekzem durch Textilfarbstoffe (Samt 'legging'). Allergo Journal 1993, 2:13-16.
30. Swedish National Chemical Inspectorate, Chemicals in Textiles, Report of a Government Commission 5/97.
31. http://www.oeko-tex.com.
32. Gordon P.F., Gregory P. Non-textile dyes. Critical Reviews of Applied Chemistry 1984, Vol. 7:94-110. Blackwell, Oxford. J. Griffiths (Ed.).
33. Gregory P. High-Technology Applications of Organic Colorants 1991, Plenum, New York.
34. Gregory P. Azo dyes: Structure-carcinogenicity relationships. Dyes and Pigments 1986, 7:45-56.
35. Longstaff E. An assessment and categorisation of the animal carcinogenicity data on selected dyestuffs and an extrapolation of those data to an evaluation of the relative carcinogenic risk to man. Dyes and Pigments 1983, 4:243-304.
36. El Dareer S.M., Tillery K.F., Hill D.L. Investigations on the disposition of oral doses of some water-insoluble pigments. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 1984, 32:171-174.
37. Freeman H.S. Colour yes, toxicity no: Systematic approaches to meeting this challenge. Colourage 2005, 52:59-65.
38. Whaley W.M. Dyes based on safer intermediates 1984, EPA, USA, Source: 1996.
39. Lever A.T., Brian G., Leadbetter P.W. Recent advances in disperse dye development and applications. Textile Chemist and Colorist 1992, 24:18-27.
40. Brown M.A., DeVito S.C. Predicting azo dye toxicity. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 1993, 23(3):249-324.
41. Levine W.G. Metabolism of azo dyes: Implication for detoxication and activation. Drug Metabolism Reviews 1991, 23(3-4):253-309.
42. Rehn L. Blasengeschwulste bei Fuchsin Arbeitern. Arch Klin Chir 1895, 50:588-600.
43. Gordon P.F., Gregory P. Organic Chemistry in Colour 1983, Springer Verlag, Berlin.
44. Korosteleva T., Skachkov A., Shvaidetskii I. Appearance of carcinogen-protein antigens in the serum of workers dealing with aniline dyes. Gigiena truda i professionalnye zabolevaniia 1974, 18(5):21-24.
45. Rinde E., Troll W. Metabolic reduction of benzidine azo dyes to benzidine in the rhesus monkey. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1975, 55:181-182.
46. Myslak Z.W., Bolt H.M. Occupational exposure to azo dyes and risk of bladder cancer. Zbl Arbeitsmed 1988, 38:310-321.
47. ETAD Information No.7 Significance of the bacterial reverse mutation test as predictor for rodent and human carcinogenicity, Basle 1998.
48. ETAD Information No.6 German ban of use of certain azo compounds in some consumer goods, revised version, Basle 1998.
49. http://www.textilescommittee.nic.in/faq-lab.htm.
50. Brown J.P., Brown R.J. Mutagenesis by 9,10-anthraquinone derivatives and related compounds in. Salmonella typhimurium, Mutation Research 1976, 40:203-224.
51. Combes R.D., Haveland-Smith R.B. A review of the genotoxicity of food, drug and cosmetic colors and other azo, triphenylmethane and xanthene dyes. Mutation Research 1982, 98:101-248.
52. EU Commission IPPC, BAT Environmental issues in dyeing 2003, 76-86.
53. Barclay S., Buckley C. Waste minimization guide for the textile industry: A step towards cleaner production, Appendix 3.10. Dyes and Environment 2000, January.
54. Desai C. Ecological and toxicological properties of dyes. Colourage 1992, 39(12):51-54.
55. EPA, USA Aquatic toxicity of dyes 1996, 60.
56. Brown D., Anliker R. Dyestuffs and the environment - a risk assessment. Risk Assessment of Chemicals in the Environment 1988, 398-413. Royal Society of Chemistry. M.L. Richardson (Ed.).
57. Brown D., Hitz H.R., Scháfer L. The assessment of the possible inhibitory effect of dyestuffs on aerobic waste-water bacteria: Experience with a screening test. Chemosphere 1981, 10(3):245-261.
58. Ogawa T., Fuji H., Kawai K., Yatome C., Idaka E.F. Growth inhibition of bacillus subtilis upon interaction between basic dyes and DNA. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 1989, 42:402-408.
59. ETAD Annual Report 1993, Basle, Switzerland.
60. EU Commission IPPC, BAT Auxiliaries contained in dye formulations 2003, 81-85.
61. European Commission IPPC, BAT AOX emission 2003, 79-80.
62. EPA USA Presence of metals in the textile mill effluents 1996, 52-55.
63. EPA, USA Pollution prevention practices for salt reduction 1996, 40-43.
64. Shore J. Dyeing with reactive dyes. Cellulosic Dyeing 1995, 189-245. Society of Dyers and Colourists, Bradford, UK.
65. Phillips D. Environmental friendly, productive and reliable, properties for cotton dyes and dyeing process. Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists 1996, 112:183-186.
66. Finnie G. Blind dyeing - theory in practice. Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists 1991, 107:5-6.
67. Anon Right first time technologies. International Dyer 2004, 189(8):25-26.
68. Hutchings M.G., Ebenezer W.J. Super-efficient dyes for the coloration of cotton; the procion XL+ range 2000, 1-6. Green Awards - DyStar plc.
69. http://www.2dyestar.com.
70. Buttler B. Dyeing cotton with low salt reactive dyes. Asia Pacific Tech Monitor 1998, 15:27-35.
71. Girod K., Galafassi P. The genuine low salt reactive days. Colourage 2004, 51(7):100-104.
72. Kitamura S., Washimi T., Yamamoto K. Low salt dyeing using fiber reactive dyes on cotton 1998, 406-413. Book of Papers, 22-25 September.
73. Wenzel H., Knudsen H.H. Environmentally friendly method in reactive dyeing of cotton. Water Science and Technology 1996, 33(6):17-27.
74. Anderson C.B. Dyeing reactive dyes using less salt. American Dyestuff Reporter 1994, 83(9):103-105.
75. Laursen S.E., Hansen J., Andersen T.A., Knudsen H.H. Danish experience. Best Available Techniques-BAT-in the clothing and textile industry, Cleaner technology in reactive dyeing of cotton 2002, 13-25.
76. Bradbury M.J., Collishaw P.S., Moorhouse S. Smart rinsing: A step change in reactive dye application technology. AATCC Review 2001, 1(11):45-49.
77. Haas J., Koenemund B., Vogt U. New and better way to wash-off reactive dyestuffs. Melliand Textilberichte - International Textile Report 2000, 81(10):847-848.
78. Sadov F. Dyeing of cotton with vat dyes. Chemical Technology of Fibrous Materials 1978, 425-450. Mir Publisher, Moscow.
79. Roessler A., Jin X. State of the art technologies and new electrochemical methods for the reduction of vat dyes. Dyes and Pigments 2003, 59(3):223-235.
80. Bechtold T., Burtscher E., Turcanu A., Berktold F. Electrochemistry in the dyeing of vat and sulphur dyes. Melliand Textilberichte - International Textile Report 2000, 81(3):195-198.
81. Fothergill J.B., Knecht E. Printing with indigo. Principles and Practice of Textile Printing 1951, 267-280. Charles Griffin and Company Ltd, London.
82. Semet B., Sackingen B., Gurninger G. Application of Fe II complex for vat dye reduction. Melliand Textilberichte 1995, 76:161-170.
83. Chavan R.B., Chakraborty J.N. Alternative reducing systems based on Iron (II) complexes for the dyeing of cotton with vat dyes 2000.
84. Chavan R.B., Chakraborty J.N. Dyeing of cotton with vat dyes. AATCC Review 2004, 4(7):17-20.
85. Chavan R.B., Chakraborty J.N. Dyeing of cotton with indigo using iron (II) salt complexes. Coloration Technology 2001, 117:88-94.
86. Chakraborty J.N., Chavan R.B. Continuous vat dyeing of cotton at room temperature using iron (II) salt complexes. Melliand International 2005, 11(1):46-49.
87. Cook F.L. Sulfur dyes: Old standard learns some new tricks. Textile World 1991, 68. March.
88. Modak P. Environmental aspects of the textile industry: A technical guide draft report prepared for the UN environment programme 1991, (March).
89. Annen O. Ecological dyeing with sulphur dyes. Melliand Textilberichte - International Textile Report 1998, 79(10):752-755.
90. Chavan R.B., Vhanbatte S. Alternative reducing system for dyeing of cotton with sulphur dyes. Indian Journal of Fibre and Textile Research 2002, 27(2):179-183.
91. Vhanbatte S. Studies on the use of reducing sugar as a substitute of sodium sulphide for dyeing of cotton with sulphur dyes 2004, IIT, Delhi, India, Ph.D thesis, (April).
92. Taraporewala K.S., Ramakrishnan R. Ecofriendly alternatives to reducing agents used for sulphur dyeing on cellulose and polyester/cellulose blends (part II). Man-Made Textiles in India 2001, 44(11):428-436.
93. Bechtold T., Burtscher E., Turcanu A. Continuous sulfur dyeing without reducing agents: Fully reduced Sulfur Black 1 by cathodic reduction. Textile Chemist and Colorist 1998, 30(8):72-77.
94. Welham A.C. Advances in the afterchrome dyeing of wool. Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists 1986, 102(4):126-131.
95. Duffield P.A., Wimbush J.M., Demot P.F.A. Wool Dyeing With Environmentally Acceptable Levels of Chromium in Effluent 1990, IWS Development Center Monograph, West Yorkshire, England.
96. Hannemann K., Flensberg H. Reactive dyes for wool - an alternative to afterchrome dyes. Melliand International 1997, 78(1):32-34.
97. EU Commission IPPC, BAT Exhaust dyeing of polyester and polyester blends with carrier-free dyeing techniques or with use of environmentally optimized carriers (July) 2003, 302-304.
98. Kemmere M. Supercritical carbon dioxide for sustainable polymer processes. Supercritical Carbon Dioxide in Polymer Reaction Engineering 2005, 1-14. Wiley VCH, Weinheim. M.F. Kemmere, T. Meyer (Eds.).
99. Bach E., Cleve E., Schollmeyer E. Past, present and future of supercritical fluid dyeing technology - an overview. Review of Progress in Coloration 2002, 32:88-102.
100. Bach E., Cleve E., Schollmeyer E. Supercritical fluid textile dyeing technology. Environmental Aspects of Dyeing 2007, 93-115. Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge. R.M. Christie (Ed.).
101. EU Commission IPPC, BAT Aftertreatment in PES dyeing 2003, 309-312. (July).
102. Eren H.A., Anis P. Alkaline polyester dyeing and reductive clearing: Effectiveness and environmental impact. AATCC Review 2005, 5(2):21-25.
103. Smith B. The Future of Pollution Prevention An Alternative to Costly Waste Treatment 1994, 1-16. North Carolina Division of Environmental Management, Raleigh NC, (October).
104. Neale S., Patel A. Adsorption of dyestuffs by cellulose. Part V: Effect of various electrolytes. Transactions of the Faraday Society 1934, 30:905-914.
105. Iyer S., Srinivasan G., Baddi N.T. The influence of different electrolytes on the interaction of Chlorazol Sky Blue FF with cotton. Textile Research Journal 1968, 38:693-700.
106. Iyer S., Subramanian K. The influence of electrolytes on the adsorption of Chlorazol Sky Blue FF on viscose rayon fiber at different temperatures. Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists 1980, 96:185-188.
107. Lokhande H. Importance of zeta-potential in the field of dyeing of textile fabrics. Colourage Annual 1970, 11.
108. Smith B. Identification and Reduction of Toxic Pollutants in Textile Wet Processing 1990, North Carolina Division of Environmental Management, Raleigh, NC.
109. Aren't natural dyes safer than synthetic dyes? . http://www.pburch.net/dyeing/FAQ/naturalsafety.shtml.