메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 116, Issue , 2011, Pages 171-178

The genus Hystrix Linnaeus, 1758 in the Pleistocene of Italy;Il genere Hystrix Linnaeus, 1758 in Italia nel Pleistocene

Author keywords

Hystrix; Palaeobiogeography; Pleistocene; Taxonomy

Indexed keywords

HYSTRIX CRISTATA;

EID: 84923014222     PISSN: 03657655     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2424/ASTSN.M.2011.14     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (7)

References (58)
  • 1
    • 0038037961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphometric variation in the skulls of the crested porcupine Hystrix cristata from mainland Italy, Sicily and northern Africa
    • Angelici F.M., Capizzi D., Amori G., Luiselli L., 2003. Morphometric variation in the skulls of the crested porcupine Hystrix cristata from mainland Italy, Sicily and northern Africa. Mamm. Biol. 68: 165-173.
    • (2003) Mamm. Biol. , vol.68 , pp. 165-173
    • Angelici, F.M.1    Capizzi, D.2    Amori, G.3    Luiselli, L.4
  • 2
    • 0036042102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Les rongeurs du site Atérien d'El Harhoura 1 (Témara, Maroc)
    • Aouraghe H., Abbassi M., 2002. Les rongeurs du site Atérien d'El Harhoura 1 (Témara, Maroc). Quaternaire 13: 125-136.
    • (2002) Quaternaire , vol.13 , pp. 125-136
    • Aouraghe, H.1    Abbassi, M.2
  • 3
    • 33846258988 scopus 로고
    • Rodents and insectivores of the Quaternary fauna of Binagady
    • Argyropulo A.J., 1941. Rodents and insectivores of the Quaternary fauna of Binagady. Priroda 3: 88-91.
    • (1941) Priroda , vol.3 , pp. 88-91
    • Argyropulo, A.J.1
  • 5
    • 77953107405 scopus 로고
    • Zoogéographie des Rongeurs du Maroc, II: Sciuridae, Gliridae, Dipodidae, Ctenodactylidae et Hystricidae
    • Aulagnier S., 1992. Zoogéographie des Rongeurs du Maroc, II: Sciuridae, Gliridae, Dipodidae, Ctenodactylidae et Hystricidae. Bull. Inst. Sci. Rabat 16: 152-159.
    • (1992) Bull. Inst. Sci. Rabat , vol.16 , pp. 152-159
    • Aulagnier, S.1
  • 6
    • 0021090046 scopus 로고
    • Quaternary mammals and the «End-Villafranchian» dispersal event. A turning point in the history of Eurasia
    • Azzaroli A., 1983. Quaternary mammals and the «End-Villafranchian» dispersal event. A turning point in the history of Eurasia. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 44: 117-139.
    • (1983) Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. , vol.44 , pp. 117-139
    • Azzaroli, A.1
  • 7
    • 0001017463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hystrix etrusca Bosco, the late Villafranchian Porcupine from the Upper Valdarno, Central Italy
    • Azzaroli A., 1998. Hystrix etrusca Bosco, the late Villafranchian Porcupine from the Upper Valdarno, Central Italy. Palaeont. It. 85: 177-198.
    • (1998) Palaeont. It. , vol.85 , pp. 177-198
    • Azzaroli, A.1
  • 8
    • 0038345054 scopus 로고
    • Considerazioni ecologiche sulle faune pleistoceniche dell'Europa contenenti scimmie ed istrici
    • AA.VV., Scritti sul Quaternario in onore di Angelo Pasa
    • Bartolomei G., 1969. Considerazioni ecologiche sulle faune pleistoceniche dell'Europa contenenti scimmie ed istrici. In: AA.VV., Scritti sul Quaternario in onore di Angelo Pasa. Mem. Mus. Civ. St. Nat. Verona 3: 39-52.
    • (1969) Mem. Mus. Civ. St. Nat. Verona , vol.3 , pp. 39-52
    • Bartolomei, G.1
  • 9
    • 41049087002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pleistocene small porcupine from the Ural Mountains, Russia, with note on taxonomy of Hystrix vinogradovi (Rodentia, Hystricidae)
    • Baryshnikov G.F. 2003. Pleistocene small porcupine from the Ural Mountains, Russia, with note on taxonomy of Hystrix vinogradovi (Rodentia, Hystricidae). Russian J. Ther. 2: 43-47.
    • (2003) Russian J. Ther. , vol.2 , pp. 43-47
    • Baryshnikov, G.F.1
  • 10
    • 84862882772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The site of Coste San Giacomo (Early Pleistocene, central Italy): Palaeoenvironmental analysis and biochronological overview
    • in press
    • Bellucci L., Mazzini I., Scardia G., Bruni L., Parenti F., Segre A.G., Segre Naldini E., Sardella R., (in press). The site of Coste San Giacomo (Early Pleistocene, central Italy): Palaeoenvironmental analysis and biochronological overview. Quat. Int. (2011), doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2011.04.006
    • (2011) Quat. Int.
    • Bellucci, L.1    Mazzini, I.2    Scardia, G.3    Bruni, L.4    Parenti, F.5    Segre, A.G.6    Segre Naldini, E.7    Sardella, R.8
  • 12
    • 30844456980 scopus 로고
    • Hystrix etrusca n. sp.
    • Bosco C., 1898. Hystrix etrusca n. sp. Palaeont. It. 4: 141-153.
    • (1898) Palaeont. It. , vol.4 , pp. 141-153
    • Bosco, C.1
  • 13
    • 0029530115 scopus 로고
    • Biostratigraphical and palaeogeographical implications of the late Middle Pleistocene well balanced fauna from Quisisana-Certosa (Capri, Southern Italy)
    • Capasso Barbato L., Gliozzi E., 1995. Biostratigraphical and palaeogeographical implications of the late Middle Pleistocene well balanced fauna from Quisisana-Certosa (Capri, Southern Italy). Boll. Soc. Pal. It. 34: 235-261.
    • (1995) Boll. Soc. Pal. It. , vol.34 , pp. 235-261
    • Capasso Barbato, L.1    Gliozzi, E.2
  • 16
    • 0000653312 scopus 로고
    • Considerazioni paleontologiche paleoecologiche e archeozoologiche sui macromammiferi e gli uccelli dei livelli del Pleistocene superiore del Riparo di Fumane (VR) (scavi 1988-91)
    • Cassoli P.F., Tagliacozzo A., 1994. Considerazioni paleontologiche paleoecologiche e archeozoologiche sui macromammiferi e gli uccelli dei livelli del Pleistocene superiore del Riparo di Fumane (VR) (scavi 1988-91). Boll. Mus. Civ. St. Nat. Verona 18: 349-445.
    • (1994) Boll. Mus. Civ. St. Nat. Verona , vol.18 , pp. 349-445
    • Cassoli, P.F.1    Tagliacozzo, A.2
  • 17
    • 84922961351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • La faune des sites mésolithiques et néolithique de la zone du Nil Bleu (Soudan Central)
    • Chaix L., 2003. La faune des sites mésolithiques et néolithique de la zone du Nil Bleu (Soudan Central). Complutum 14: 373-396.
    • (2003) Complutum , vol.14 , pp. 373-396
    • Chaix, L.1
  • 18
    • 20444459467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Découverte d'une faune de mammifères du Pléistocène supérieur dans la grotte d'El Geffel (cap Bon, Tunisie)
    • Chakroun A., Zaghbib-Turki D., Moigne A.M., de Lumley H., 2005. Découverte d'une faune de mammifères du Pléistocène supérieur dans la grotte d'El Geffel (cap Bon, Tunisie). C. R. Palevol 4: 317-325.
    • (2005) C. R. Palevol , vol.4 , pp. 317-325
    • Chakroun, A.1    Zaghbib-Turki, D.2    Moigne, A.M.3    De Lumley, H.4
  • 19
    • 0007839427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Faunal Remains from Holocene Archaeological Sites of the Tadrart Acacus and Surroundings (Libyan Sahara)
    • Cremaschi M., Di Lernia S. (Eds.), Wadi Teshuinat. Palaeoenvironment and Prehistory in South Western Fezzan (Libyan Sahara)
    • Corridi C., 1998. Faunal Remains from Holocene Archaeological Sites of the Tadrart Acacus and Surroundings (Libyan Sahara). In: Cremaschi M., Di Lernia S. (Eds.), Wadi Teshuinat. Palaeoenvironment and Prehistory in South Western Fezzan (Libyan Sahara). Quad. Geodin. Alp. e Quat. 7: 89-94.
    • (1998) Quad. Geodin. Alp. e Quat. , vol.7 , pp. 89-94
    • Corridi, C.1
  • 21
    • 77949693361 scopus 로고
    • Vertebrati fossili di Monte Tignoso (Livorno)
    • Del Campana D., 1909. Vertebrati fossili di Monte Tignoso (Livorno). Boll. Soc. Geol. It. 28: 349-388.
    • (1909) Boll. Soc. Geol. It. , vol.28 , pp. 349-388
    • Del Campana, D.1
  • 22
    • 79954578561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late Pleistocene Hystrix (Acanthion) brachyura Linnaeus 1758 from the Fuchsluken Cave Near Saalfeld (Thuringia, Germany) - A Porcupine and Hyena Den and Contribution to their Palaeobiogeography in Europe
    • Diedrich C.G., 2009. Late Pleistocene Hystrix (Acanthion) brachyura Linnaeus 1758 from the Fuchsluken Cave Near Saalfeld (Thuringia, Germany) - A Porcupine and Hyena Den and Contribution to their Palaeobiogeography in Europe. Open Paleont. J. 2: 1-9.
    • (2009) Open Paleont. J. , vol.2 , pp. 1-9
    • Diedrich, C.G.1
  • 23
    • 77955118095 scopus 로고
    • Human evolution in Albania for the Quaternary period
    • Sigmon B.A. (Ed.), Toronto, Scholar Press
    • Fistani A.B., 1993. Human evolution in Albania for the Quaternary period. In: Sigmon B.A. (Ed.), Before the Wall Fell. The Science of Man in Socialist Europe. Toronto, Scholar Press, pp. 141-178.
    • (1993) Before the Wall Fell. The Science of Man in Socialist Europe , pp. 141-178
    • Fistani, A.B.1
  • 24
    • 0036271724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plio-Pleistocene mammalian biostratigraphy of Atlantic Morocco
    • Geraads D., 2002. Plio-Pleistocene mammalian biostratigraphy of Atlantic Morocco. Quaternaire 13: 43-53.
    • (2002) Quaternaire , vol.13 , pp. 43-53
    • Geraads, D.1
  • 27
    • 33947315859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A century of research on the classical locality of Tegelen (province of Limburg, The Netherlands)
    • Hoek Ostende L.W. van den, De Vos J., 2006. A century of research on the classical locality of Tegelen (province of Limburg, The Netherlands). C. Forsch. Senck. 256: 291-304.
    • (2006) C. Forsch. Senck. , vol.256 , pp. 291-304
    • Van Den Hoek Ostende, L.W.1    De Vos, J.2
  • 28
    • 0034897085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Villafranchian mammalian faunas and biochronology of Greece
    • Koufos G.D., 2001. The Villafranchian mammalian faunas and biochronology of Greece. Boll. Soc. Pal. It. 40: 217-223.
    • (2001) Boll. Soc. Pal. It. , vol.40 , pp. 217-223
    • Koufos, G.D.1
  • 29
    • 84855492334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Storia paleontologica di Erinaceomorfi, Soricomorfi, Lagomorfi e Roditori attuali d'Italia
    • Amori G., Contoli L., Nappi A. (Eds.), Edizioni Calderini de Il Sole 24 Ore, Milano
    • Kotsakis T., 2008. Storia paleontologica di Erinaceomorfi, Soricomorfi, Lagomorfi e Roditori attuali d'Italia. In: Amori G., Contoli L., Nappi A. (Eds.), Fauna d'Italia. Mammalia II. Erinaceomorpha, Soricomorpha, Lagomorpha, Rodentia. Edizioni Calderini de Il Sole 24 Ore, Milano, pp. 1-32.
    • (2008) Fauna d'Italia. Mammalia II. Erinaceomorpha, Soricomorpha, Lagomorpha, Rodentia , pp. 1-32
    • Kotsakis, T.1
  • 32
    • 84923043945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Excavation of San Giovanni di Ruoti, III - The Faunal and Plant Remain
    • Toronto University Press
    • MacKinnon M.R., 2002. The Excavation of San Giovanni di Ruoti, III - The Faunal and Plant Remain. Phoenix Supplementary 40, Toronto University Press.
    • (2002) Phoenix Supplementary , vol.40
    • MacKinnon, M.R.1
  • 33
    • 0033853905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preliminary data on the micro- and macromammal remains from Casa Sgherri, Lower Valdarno (Tuscany, Central Italy)
    • Marcolini F., Bonadonna F.P., Kotsakis T., Mazza P., Zanchetta G., 2000. Preliminary data on the micro- and macromammal remains from Casa Sgherri, Lower Valdarno (Tuscany, Central Italy). Boll. Soc. Pal. It. 39: 243-252.
    • (2000) Boll. Soc. Pal. It. , vol.39 , pp. 243-252
    • Marcolini, F.1    Bonadonna, F.P.2    Kotsakis, T.3    Mazza, P.4    Zanchetta, G.5
  • 34
    • 70349388277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Erinaceomorfi, Soricomorfi, Lagomorfi e Roditori endemici ed antropocori dell'Italia continentale ed insulare
    • Amori G., Contoli L., Nappi A. (Eds.), Edizioni Calderini de Il Sole 24 Ore, Milano
    • Masseti M., 2008. Erinaceomorfi, Soricomorfi, Lagomorfi e Roditori endemici ed antropocori dell'Italia continentale ed insulare. In: Amori G., Contoli L., Nappi A. (Eds.), Fauna d'Italia. Mammalia II. Erinaceomorpha, Soricomorpha, Lagomorpha, Rodentia. Edizioni Calderini de Il Sole 24 Ore, Milano, pp. 33-65.
    • (2008) Fauna d'Italia. Mammalia II. Erinaceomorpha, Soricomorpha, Lagomorpha, Rodentia , pp. 33-65
    • Masseti, M.1
  • 36
    • 84923009895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • L'approvvigionamento alimentare a Roma nel medioevo: Analisi dei resti faunistici provenienti dalle aree di scavo della Crypta Balbi e di Santa Cecilia
    • Fiore I., Malerba G., Chilardi S. (Eds.)
    • Minniti C., 2005. L'approvvigionamento alimentare a Roma nel medioevo: analisi dei resti faunistici provenienti dalle aree di scavo della Crypta Balbi e di Santa Cecilia. In: Fiore I., Malerba G., Chilardi S. (Eds.), Atti 3° Conv. Naz. Archeozoologia, IPZS, Roma, pp. 469-492.
    • (2005) Atti 3° Conv. Naz. Archeozoologia, IPZS, Roma , pp. 469-492
    • Minniti, C.1
  • 38
    • 84922963210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mammal Biochronology at the end of Late Villafranchian (Early Pleistocene): Pirro Faunal Unit
    • in press Stuttgart
    • Petronio C., Marcolini F., (in press). Mammal Biochronology at the end of Late Villafranchian (Early Pleistocene): Pirro Faunal Unit. Palaeontographica, Stuttgart.
    • Palaeontographica
    • Petronio, C.1    Marcolini, F.2
  • 39
    • 34250760418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Late Pleistocene and Holocene Mammals in Italy: New biochronological and paleoenvironmental data
    • Petronio C., Di Canzio E., Salari L., 2007. The Late Pleistocene and Holocene Mammals in Italy: new biochronological and paleoenvironmental data. Palaeontographica, Abt. A 279: 147-157.
    • (2007) Palaeontographica, Abt. A , vol.279 , pp. 147-157
    • Petronio, C.1    Di Canzio, E.2    Salari, L.3
  • 41
    • 84864807817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The late Villafranchian (Early Pleistocene) carnivores (Carnivora, Mammalia) from Pirro Nord (Italy)
    • in press Stuttgart
    • Petrucci M., Cipullo A., Martínez-Navarro B., Rook L., Sardella R., (in press). The late Villafranchian (Early Pleistocene) carnivores (Carnivora, Mammalia) from Pirro Nord (Italy). Palaeontographica, Stuttgart.
    • Palaeontographica
    • Petrucci, M.1    Cipullo, A.2    Martínez-Navarro, B.3    Rook, L.4    Sardella, R.5
  • 42
    • 0034897050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biochronology and evolution of the Early Pliocene to the Early Pleistocene mammalian faunas of Romania
    • Radulescu C., Samson P.M., 2001. Biochronology and evolution of the Early Pliocene to the Early Pleistocene mammalian faunas of Romania. Boll. Soc. Pal. It. 40: 285-291.
    • (2001) Boll. Soc. Pal. It. , vol.40 , pp. 285-291
    • Radulescu, C.1    Samson, P.M.2
  • 43
    • 58149511696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Die quartären Säugetier-Faunen der Bären- und Karlshöhle bei Erpfingen im Überblick
    • Rathgeber T., 2003. Die quartären Säugetier-Faunen der Bären- und Karlshöhle bei Erpfingen im Überblick. Laich. Höhl. 38: 107-144.
    • (2003) Laich. Höhl. , vol.38 , pp. 107-144
    • Rathgeber, T.1
  • 44
    • 30844470474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hystrix refossa Gervais, 1852 from Pirro Nord (Early Pleistocene, Southern Italy)
    • Rook L., Sardella R., 2005. Hystrix refossa Gervais, 1852 from Pirro Nord (Early Pleistocene, Southern Italy). Riv. It. Pal. e Strat. 111: 489-496.
    • (2005) Riv. It. Pal. e Strat. , vol.111 , pp. 489-496
    • Rook, L.1    Sardella, R.2
  • 45
    • 84923043943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New data on the Early Pleistocene large sized porcupine from Pirro Nord
    • in press Stuttgart
    • Rook L., Sardella R., (in press). New data on the Early Pleistocene large sized porcupine from Pirro Nord. Palaeontographica, Stuttgart.
    • Palaeontographica
    • Rook, L.1    Sardella, R.2
  • 46
    • 84982124762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Middle-Late Pleistocene mammal fauna from Montignoso (Leghorn, Central Italy)
    • Rustioni M., Mazza P., Balestra M., 1999. The Middle-Late Pleistocene mammal fauna from Montignoso (Leghorn, Central Italy). Il Quaternario 12: 105-111.
    • (1999) Il Quaternario , vol.12 , pp. 105-111
    • Rustioni, M.1    Mazza, P.2    Balestra, M.3
  • 47
    • 77949764798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hystrix vinogradovi Argyropulo, 1941 in the Pleistocene of Italy
    • Salari L., Sardella R., 2009a. Hystrix vinogradovi Argyropulo, 1941 in the Pleistocene of Italy. Boll. Soc. Pal. It. 48: 123-127.
    • (2009) Boll. Soc. Pal. It. , vol.48 , pp. 123-127
    • Salari, L.1    Sardella, R.2
  • 49
    • 84923043942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early Pleistocene Bats from Pirro Nord (Apulia, Southern Italy)
    • in press Stuttgart
    • Salari L., Kotsakis T., Petronio C., (in press). Early Pleistocene Bats from Pirro Nord (Apulia, Southern Italy). Palaeontographica, Stuttgart.
    • Palaeontographica
    • Salari, L.1    Kotsakis, T.2    Petronio, C.3
  • 50
    • 34247882871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary: Which significance for the so called «Wolf Event»? Evidences from Western Europe
    • Sardella R., Palombo M.R., 2007. The Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary: which significance for the so called «Wolf Event»? Evidences from Western Europe. Quaternaire 18: 65-71.
    • (2007) Quaternaire , vol.18 , pp. 65-71
    • Sardella, R.1    Palombo, M.R.2
  • 51
    • 0038404931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Grotte de la Chênelaz (Hostias, Ain, France): Les grands Mammifères de la couche 6b
    • Schweitzer M., 2002. Grotte de la Chênelaz (Hostias, Ain, France): Les grands Mammifères de la couche 6b. Rev. Paléobiol. 21: 803-818.
    • (2002) Rev. Paléobiol. , vol.21 , pp. 803-818
    • Schweitzer, M.1
  • 52
    • 0021620101 scopus 로고
    • Découverte de Vertébrés fossiles dans le Pléistocène inférieur de la République de Djibouti
    • Thomas H., Coppens Y., Thibault C., Weidmann M., 1984. Découverte de Vertébrés fossiles dans le Pléistocène inférieur de la République de Djibouti. C. R. Ac. Sci. Paris 299: 43-48.
    • (1984) C. R. Ac. Sci. Paris , vol.299 , pp. 43-48
    • Thomas, H.1    Coppens, Y.2    Thibault, C.3    Weidmann, M.4
  • 53
    • 66249107366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unveiling an ancient biological invasion: Molecular analysis of an old European alien, the crested porcupine (Hystrix cristata)
    • Trucchi E., Sbordoni V., 2009. Unveiling an ancient biological invasion: molecular analysis of an old European alien, the crested porcupine (Hystrix cristata). BMC Evol. Biol. 9,109 doi:10.1186/1471-2148-9-109.
    • (2009) BMC Evol. Biol. , vol.9 , pp. 109
    • Trucchi, E.1    Sbordoni, V.2
  • 55
    • 0003619515 scopus 로고
    • Dimensions and occlusal patterns in molars of Hystrix brachyura Linnaeus, 1758 (Mammalia, Rodentia) in a system of wear categories
    • Weers D.J. van, 1990. Dimensions and occlusal patterns in molars of Hystrix brachyura Linnaeus, 1758 (Mammalia, Rodentia) in a system of wear categories. Bijdr. Dierk. 60: 121-134.
    • (1990) Bijdr. Dierk. , vol.60 , pp. 121-134
    • Van Weers, D.J.1
  • 56
    • 0028602274 scopus 로고
    • The porcupine Hystrix refossa Gervais, 1852 from the Plio-Pleistocene of Europe, with notes on other fossil and extant species of the genus Hystrix
    • Weers D.J. van, 1994. The porcupine Hystrix refossa Gervais, 1852 from the Plio-Pleistocene of Europe, with notes on other fossil and extant species of the genus Hystrix. Scripta Geol. 106: 35-52.
    • (1994) Scripta Geol. , vol.106 , pp. 35-52
    • Van Weers, D.J.1
  • 57
    • 33846215972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Taxonomic revision of the Pleistocene Hystrix (Hystricidae, Rodentia) from Eurasia with notes on the evolution of the family
    • Weers D.J. van, 2005. A Taxonomic revision of the Pleistocene Hystrix (Hystricidae, Rodentia) from Eurasia with notes on the evolution of the family. Contr. Zool. 74: 301-312.
    • (2005) Contr. Zool. , vol.74 , pp. 301-312
    • Van Weers, D.J.1
  • 58
    • 30844441563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Turolian and Ruscinian porcupines (genus Hystrix, Rodentia) from Europe, Asia and North Africa
    • Weers D.J. van, Rook L. 2003. Turolian and Ruscinian porcupines (genus Hystrix, Rodentia) from Europe, Asia and North Africa. Paläont. Zeit. 77: 95-113.
    • (2003) Paläont. Zeit. , vol.77 , pp. 95-113
    • Van Weers, D.J.1    Rook, L.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.