Preparation and characterization of carbon foam derived from pitch and phenolic resin using a soft templating method

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

Volumn 110, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 229-234

  Farhan, Shameel ^a   Wang, Ru Min ^a   Jiang, Hao ^a   Ul Haq, Noaman ^b  

^a NORTHWESTERN POLYTECHNICAL UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY   (Pakistan)

Author keywords

Carbon foam; Phenolic resin; Porosity; Thermal insulation

Indexed keywords

CARBON; CARBONIZATION; COAL TAR; COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH; FELT; PHENOLIC RESINS; PORE SIZE; POROSITY; RESINS; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; THERMAL INSULATION; THERMOGRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS;

CARBON FOAM; GEOMETRIC DENSITY; HIGH TEMPERATURE; MATRIX PRECURSORS; POLYURETHANE FOAMS; POROSITY CALCULATIONS; SACRIFICIAL TEMPLATES; SOFT-TEMPLATING;

FOAMS;

EID: 84922832473     PISSN: 01652370     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaap.2014.09.003     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. C. Chen, E. B. Kennel, A. H. Stiller, P. G. Stansberry, J. W. Zondlo, Carbon foam derived from various precursors, Carbon 44 (2006) 1535-1543.
2. 2Ti6O13 whiskers, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 528 (2011) 2023-2027.
3. Y. Chen, B. Chen, X. Shi, H. Xu, Y. Hu, Y. Yuan, Preparation of pitch-based carbon foam using polyurethane foam template, Carbon 45 (2007) 2132-2134.
4. N. C. Gallego, J. W. Klett, Carbon foams for thermal management, Carbon 41 (2003) 1461-1466.
5. R. Mehta, D. P. Anderson, J. W. Hager, Graphitic open-celled carbon foams: processing and characterization, Carbon 41 (2003) 2174-2176.
6. W. Ford, Method of making cellular refractory thermal insulating material, U. S. Patent 3121050, 1964.
7. R. W. Pekala, R. W. Hopper, Low-density microcellular carbon foams, J. Mater. Sci. 22 (1987) 1840-1844.
8. J. Lee, K. Sohn, T. Hyeon, Fabrication of novel mesocellular carbon foams with uniform ultralarge mesopores, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 123 (2001) 5146-5147.
9. N. Ohta, Y. Nishi, T. Morishita, Y. Ieko, A. Ito, M. Inagaki, Preparation of microporous carbon foams foradsorption-desorption ofwatervapor in ambient air, New Carbon Mater. 23 (2008) 216-220.
10. D. M. Spradling, R. A. Guth, Carbon foams, Adv. Mater. Process. 161 (11) (2003) 29-31.
11. C. J. Tseng, K. T. Kuo, Thermal properties of phenolic foam insulation, J. Chin. Inst. Eng. 25 (2002) 753-758.
12. S. W. Lei, Q. G. Guo, J. L Shi, L. Liu, Preparation of phenolic-based carbon foam with controllable pore structure and high compressive strength, Carbon 48 (2010) 2644-2646.
13. Y. H. Yan, X. M. Shi, J. G. Liu, T. Zhao, Y. Z. Yu, Thermosetting resin system based on novolak and bismaleimide for resin-transfer molding, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 83 (2002) 1651-1657.
14. T. F. Fay III, R. L. Ferla, A. J. Sherman, E. P. Stankiewicz, Foam catalyst support for exhaust purification, U. S. Patent 6040266, 2000.
15. E. P. Stankiewicz, Method for producing controlled aspect ratio reticulation carbon foam and the resultant foam. U. S. Patent 6103149, 2000.
16. A. J. Duffy, R. B. Kaplan, S. A. Racik, E. P. Stankiewicz, R. H. Tuffias, B. E. Williams, Filter and method of forming. U. S. Patent 5372380, 1994.
17. M. Calvo, R. García, A. Arenillas, I. Suárez, S. R. Moinelo, Carbon foams from coals: a preliminary study, Fuel 84 (2005) 2184-2189.
18. Y. Chen, B. Z. Chen, X. C. Shi, H. Xu, Y. J. Hu, Y. Yuan, N. B. Shen, Preparation of pitch-based carbon foam using polyurethane foam template, Carbon 45 (2007) 2132-2134.
19. A. Yadav, R. Kumar, G. Bhatia, G. L. Verma, Development of mesophase pitch derived high thermal conductivity graphite foam using a template method, Carbon 49 (2011) 3622-3630.
20. B. Xu, Mesophase pitch, Carbon Sci. Technol. 10 (2000) 14-22.
21. M. X. Wang, C. Y. Wang, T. Q. Li, Z. J. Hu, Preparation of mesophase-pitch-based carbon foams at low pressures, Carbon 46 (2008) 84-91.
22. M. Ge, Z. M. Shen, W. D. Chi, H. Liu, Anisotropy of mesophase pitch-derived carbon foams, Carbon 45 (2007) 141-145.
23. R. Mehta, D. P. Anderson, J. W. Hager, Graphitic open-celled carbon foams: processing and characterization, Carbon 41 (2003) 2174-2176.
24. A. Gardziella, L. A. Pilato, A. Knop, Phenolic Resins: Chemistry, Application, Standardization, Safety and Ecology, 2nd ed., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2000.
25. P. Byung-Dae, R. Bernard, Y. S. Kim, W. T. So, Effect of synthesis parameters on thermal behavior of phenol-formaldehyde resol resin, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 83 (2002) 1415-1424.
26. J. Wang, H. Jiang, N. Jiang, Study on the pyrolysis of phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin and modified PF resin, Thermochim. Acta 496 (2009) 136-142.
27. L. B. Manfredi, O. De La Osa, N. Galego Fernández, A. Vázquez, Structure-properties relationship for resols with different formaldehyde/phenol molar ratio, Polymer 40 (1999) 3867-3875.
28. X. W. Wu, Y. G. Liu, M. H. Fang, L. F. Mei, B. C. Luo, Preparation and characterization of carbon foams derived from aluminosilicate and phenolic resin, Carbon 49 (2011) 1782-1786.
29. J. Li, C. Wang, L. Zhan, W. M. Qiao, X. Y. Liang, L. C. Ling, Carbon foams prepared by supercritical foaming method, Carbon 47 (2009) 1204-1206.
30. F. Derbyshier, et al., in: J. W. Patrick (Ed.), Porosity in Carbons. Porosity in Carbons Characterization and Applications, Edward Arnold, London, 1995.
31. M. Inagaki, F. Kang, in: Carbon Materials Science and Engineering: From Fundamentals to Applications, Tsinghua University Press, Beijing, 2006.
32. I. Mochida, S. H. Yoon, W. Qiao, Catalysts in synthesis of carbon and carbon precursors, J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 17 (2006) 1059-1073.
33. J. Drbohlav, W. T. K. Stevenson, The oxidative stabilization and carbonization of a synthetic mesophase pitch, part 1: the oxidative stabilization process, Carbon 33 (1995) 693-711.
34. R. Carcia, J. L Crespo, S. C. Martin, C. E. Snape, S. R. Moinelo, Development of mesophase from a low-temperature coal tar pitch, Energy Fuel 17 (2003) 291-301.
35. T. Q. Ti, C. Y. Wang, The formation mechanism of carbonaceous mesophase, New Carbon Mater. 20 (3) (2005) 278-285.
36. T. H. Ko, T. S. Ma, Effect of post-curing on the mechanical properties of carbonized phenolic resins, Polym. Compos. 19 (1998) 456-462.
37. C. R. Thomas, Essentials of Carbon-Carbon Composites, Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK, 1993.
38. S. M. Manocha, K. Patel, L. M. Manocha, Development of carbon foam from phenolic resin via template route, Ind. J. Eng. Mater. Sci. 17 (2010) 338-342.
39. P. Morgan, Carbon Fibers and their Composites, Taylor and Francis Group, LLC, Boca Raton, FL, 2005.