The case for the world health organization's commission on social determinants of health to address gender identity

American Journal of Public Health

Volumn 105, Issue 3, 2015, Pages e58-e62

  Pega, Frank ^a   Veale, Jaimie F ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OTAGO   (New Zealand)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GENDER IDENTITY; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HEALTH DISPARITY; HUMAN; HUMAN RIGHTS; SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH; SOCIAL STIGMA; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION;

GENDER IDENTITY; HEALTH POLICY; HEALTH STATUS DISPARITIES; HUMAN RIGHTS; HUMANS; SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH; SOCIAL STIGMA; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION;

EID: 84922734137     PISSN: 00900036     EISSN: 15410048     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302373     Document Type: Review

References (46)

1. Commission on Social Determinants of Health. Closing the Gap in a Generation: Health Equity Through Action on the Social Determinants of Health. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2008.
2. World Health Organization. Rio Political Declaration on Social Determinants of Health. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; 2011. Available at: http://www.who.int/sdhconference/declaration/en. Accessed on January 13, 2015.
3. Marmot M, Allen J, Bell R, et al. WHO European review of social determinants of health and the health divide. Lancet. 2012;380(9846):1011-1029.
4. World Health Organization. Social determinants of health: what are the social determinants of health? 2014. Available at: http://www.who.int/social-determinants/sdh-definition/en. Accessed March 22, 2014.
5. Solar O, Irwin A. A Conceptual Framework for Action on the Social Determinants of Health: Debates, Policy & Practice, Case Studies. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2010.
6. International Commission of Jurists. The Yogyakarta principles: principles on the application of international human rights law in relation to sexual orientation and gender identity. 2006. Available at: http://www.yogyakartaprinciples.org. Accessed November 3, 2014.
7. Reisner SL, Lloyd J, Baral SD. Technical Report: The Global Health Needs of Transgender Populations. Arlington, VA: USAID's AIDS Support and Technical Assistance Resources; AIDSTAR-Two; 2013.
8. Reisner SL, Greytak EA, Parsons JT, Ybarra ML. Gender minority social stress in adolescence: disparities in adolescent bullying and substance use by gender identity. J Sex Res. April 17, 2014:1-14. [Epub ahead of print].
9. Gates G. How Many People Are Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender? Los Angeles, CA: Williams Institute, University of California, Los Angeles; 2011.
10. Conron KJ, Scott G, Stowell GS, Landers SJ. Transgender health in Massachusetts: results from a household probability sample of adults. Am J Public Health. 2012;102(1):118-122.
11. Conron KJ, Landers SJ, Reisner SL, Sell RL. Sex and gender in the US health surveillance system: a call to action. Am J Public Health. 2014;104(6):970-976.
12. Sell R. Defining and measuring sexual orientation in research. In: Meyer I, Northridge M, eds. The Health of Sexual Minorities: Public Health Perspectives on Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Populations. New York: Springer; 2007:355-374.
13. Institute of Medicine. The Health of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender People: Building a Foundation for Better Understanding. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2011.
14. Haas AP, Eliason M, Mays VM, et al. Suicide and suicide risk in lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender populations: review and recommendations. J Homosex. 2011;58(1):10-51.
15. Baral SD, Poteat T, Strömdahl S, Wirtz AL, Guadamuz TE, Beyrer C. Worldwide burden of HIV in trans-gender women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2013; 13(3):214-222.
16. Byrne J. Discussion Paper: Trans-gender Health and Human Rights. New York, NY: United Nations Development Programme; 2013.
17. Stephens SC, Bernstein KT, Philip SS. Male to female and female to male transgender persons have different sexual risk behaviors yet similar rates of STDs and HIV. AIDS Behav. 2011;15(3): 683-686.
18. Selvaggi G, Bellringer J. Gender reassignment surgery: an overview. Nat Rev Urol. 2011;8(5):274-282.
19. Sanchez NF, Sanchez JP, Danoff A. Health care utilization, barriers to care, and hormone usage among male-to-female transgender persons in New York City. Am J Public Health. 2009; 99(4):713-719.
20. Shipherd J, Green KE, Abramovitz S. Transgender clients: identifying and minimizing barriers to mental health treatment. J Gay Lesbian Ment Health. 2010;14(2):94-108.
21. Grant J, Mottet L, Tanis J, Harrison J, Herman J, Keisling M. Injustice at Every Turn: A Report of the National Transgen-der Discrimination Survey. Washington, DC: National Center for Transgender Equality and National Gay and Lesbian Task Force; 2011.
22. Reisner SL, Conron K, Scout N, Mimiaga MJ, Haneuse S, Bryn, AS. Comparing in-person and online survey respondents in the US National Trans-gender Discrimination Survey: implications for transgender health research. LGBT Health. 2014;1(2):98-106.
23. Sevelius JM. Gender affirmation: a framework for conceptualizing risk behavior among transgender women of color. Sex Roles. 2013;68(11-12): 675-689.
24. Hendricks ML, Testa RJ. A conceptual framework for clinical work with transgender and gender nonconforming clients: an adaptation of the Minority Stress Model. Prof Psychol Res Pr. 2012;43(5):460-467.
25. Fish J. Conceptualising social exclusion and lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people: the implications for promoting equity in nursing policy and practice. J Res Nurs. 2010;15(4):303-312.
26. Bockting WO, Miner MH, Swinburne Romine RE, Hamilton A, Coleman E. Stigma, mental health, and resilience in an online sample of the US transgender population. Am J Public Health. 2013; 103(5):943-951.
27. Nuttbrock L, Bockting W, Rosenblum A, et al. Gender abuse and major depression among transgender women: a prospective study of vulnerability and resilience. Am J Public Health. 2014;104(11):2191-2198.
28. Nuttbrock L, Bockting W, Rosenblum A, et al. Gender abuse, depressive symptoms, and HIV and other sexually transmitted infections among male-to-female transgender persons: a three-year prospective study. Am J Public Health. 2013;103(2):300-307.
29. Stotzer RL. Violence against trans-gender people: a review of United States data. Aggress Violent Behav. 2009; 14(3):170-179.
30. Department of Justice. Deputy Attorney General James M. Cole delivers remarks at the Community Relations Service Transgender Law Enforcement Training launch. 2014. Available at: http://www.justice.gov/opa/speech/deputy-attorney-general-james-m-cole-delivers-remarks-community-relations-service. Accessed November 3, 2014.
31. National Gay and Lesbian Task Force. State Nondiscrimination Laws in the US. Washington, DC: National Gay and Lesbian Task Force. 2013.
32. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.
33. Drescher J. Queer diagnoses: parallels and contrasts in the history of homosexuality, gender variance, and the diagnostic and statistical manual. Arch Sex Behav. 2010;39(2):427-460.
34. Drescher J, Cohen-Kettenis P, Winter S. Minding the body: situating gender identity diagnoses in the ICD-11. Int Rev Psychiatry. 2012;24(6):568-577.
35. Global Action for Trans Equality. It's Time for Reform: Trans Health Issues in the International Classification of Diseases. The Hague, Netherlands: Global Action for Trans Equality; 2011.
36. Global Action for Trans Equality. Critique and Alternative Proposal to the "Gender Incongruence of Childhood" Category in ICD-11. Buenos Aires, Argentina; Global Action for Trans Equality; 2013.
37. Logie C. The case for the World Health Organization's Commission on the Social Determinants of Health to address sexual orientation. Am J Public Health. 2012;102(7):1243-1246.
38. Hatzenbuehler ML, Keyes KM, Hasin DS. State-level policies and psychiatric morbidity in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations. Am J Public Health. 2009;99(12):2275-2281.
39. World Health Organization. What do we mean by "sex" and "gender"? 2014. Available at: http://www.who.int/gender/whatisgender/en. Accessed July 2, 2014.
40. Sen G, Östlin P, George A Unequal, Unfair, Ineffective and Inefficient Gender Inequity in Health: Why It Exists and How We Can Change It: Final Report to the WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health. Bangalore, India: Indian Institute of Management Bangalore; 2007.
41. Hunt P. Missed opportunities: human rights and the Commission on Social Determinants of Health. Glob Health Promot Educ. 2009;(suppl 1):36-41.
42. Rasanathan K, Norenhag J, Valentine N. Realizing human rights-based approaches for action on the social determinants of health. Health Hum Rights. 2010;12(2):49-59.
43. National Coalition for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Health. Report on the United States of America Universal Periodic Review on Sexual Rights, 9th Round. Washington, DC: National Coalition for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Health; 2010.
44. Office for Civil Rights, Department of Education. Questions and Answers on Title IX and Sexual Violence. Washington, DC: Office for Civil Rights, Department of Education; 2014.
45. Human Rights Commission. To Be Who I Am: Report of the Inquiry Into Discrimination Experienced by Transgender People. Auckland, New Zealand: Human Rights Commission; 2008.
46. Ministry of Health. Gender Reas signment Health Services for Trans People Within New Zealand. Wellington, New Zealand: Ministry of Health; 2011.