Environmental changes in the wetlands of southern Iraq based on palynological studies

Arabian Journal of Geosciences

Volumn 4, Issue 3-4, 2009, Pages 443-461

  Al Ameri, Thamer Khazal ^a   Jassim, Sahar Y ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BAGHDAD   (Iraq)

Author keywords

Ahwar; Fungi; Paleoenviroments; Pollen; Southern Iraq; Wetland

Indexed keywords

ALGAE; AMARANTHACEAE; ARECACEAE; ARENGA; ARTOCARPUS; CRINUM; FORAMINIFERA; FUNGI; HEXAPODA; LANCEOLATA; LYCOPERDON; MORUS (PLANT); NAVIA; POACEAE; TOFIELDIA; TYPHA; XYRIS;

EID: 84922684706     PISSN: 18667511     EISSN: 18667538     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s12517-009-0102-9     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Absy ML (1979) A palynological study of Holocene sediments in the Amazon Basin. LPP Contribution, Holland, 86 pp, 8 plates, and 6 range charts
2. Al-Ameri TK (2000) Palaeoecology. Dar Al-Kutub, University of Baghdad, 554 pp
3. Al-Ameri TK (2001) Quaternary geology. Dar Al-Kutub, University of Baghdad, 321 pp
4. Al-Ameri TK, Al-Jubouri BS, Al-Dolaymi AS (2000) Palynological evidences for events of the historical deluge on Mesopotamian peoples and the future climatic changes. Proceedings of the 5th Int. Conf. Geol. Arab World, Cairo University, February, pp 1575–1584
5. Aqrawi AAM (2001) Stratigraphic signature of climatic change during the Holocene evolution of the Tigris–Euphrates delta, lower Mesopotamia. Global Planet Change 28:267–283
6. Aqrawi AAM, Evans G (1994) Sedimentation in lakes and marshes (Ahwar) of the Tigris and Euphrates delta, southern Mesopotamia. Sedimentology 41:755–776
7. Barnet J (1989) Palynology and palaeoecology of the tertiary Weaverville formation, northwestern California, USA. Palynology 13:195–246
8. Braidwood RJ, Bruce H (1960) Prehistoric investigations in Iraqi Kurdistan. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, No. 31, 184 pp and 29 plates
9. Clarkson ENK (1979) Invertebrate palaeontology and evolution. George Allen and Unwin, London, 323 pp
10. D'Albore GR (1998) Mediterranean melissopalynology. Universita Degli Studi de Perugia, Italy, 466 pp
11. El-Muslimani A (1987) The late Pleistocene climate of the lake Zeribar region (Kurdistan, Western Iran) deduced from the ecology and pollen production of non arboreal vegetation. Vegetation 72:131–139
12. Elsik WC (1983) Annotated glossary of fungal palynomorphs. AASP Contribution Series No. 11, Dallas, 35 pp
13. Eriksen BV, Straus LG (ed) (1998) As the world warmed: human adaptation across the Pleistocene–Holocene Boundary. Quat Int 49/50, 15 articles, 199 pp
14. Horn MC (1994) Miocene palynolostratigraphy and paleoenvironments of Northwestern Amazonia. LPP Contribution, Holland, Series no. 1, 156 pp and 8 range charts
15. Jacobs BF, Fall PL, Davis OK (1985) Late Quaternary vegetation and climates of the American Southwest. AASP Contribution Series No 16, Dallas, 185 pp
16. Jarzen DM, Elsik WC (1986) Fungal palynomorphs recorded from recent river deposits, Luangwa Valley, Zambia. Palynology 10:35–60
17. Keddy PR, Ramanujam CGK, Srisalim K (1982) Fungal fructifications from Neyveli lignite, Tamil Nadutheir stratigraphic and palaeoclimatic significance. Rec Geol Surv India 114(pt 5):112–122
18. Larcomb P, Carter RM, Dye J, Gagan MK, Johnson DP (1995) New evidence for episodic post glacial Sea-level rise, central Great Barrer Reef, Australia. Mar Geol 127:1–44
19. Leroi-Gourhan ARL (1981) The excavation of Zarzi 1981. Proc Prehist Soc 47:33–36
20. Monroe JS, Wicander R, Hazell R (2007) Physical geology, exploring the earth. Thompson, California, 690 pp
21. Moore PD, Webb JA (1978) An illustrated guide to pollen analysis. Hodder and Stoughton, London, 133 pp and 48 plates
22. Patil RS, Ramanujam CGK (1988) Fungal flora of the Kerala. Geol Surv India Spl Publ II(11):261–270
23. Purser BH (1973) The Arabian Gulf., Holocene carbonate sedimentation and diagenesis in shallow epicontinental sea. Springer-Verlag, 471 pp
24. Ramanujam CGK, Rao P (1971) On somemicrothyriaceous fungi from a Tertiary ligmite of south India. Palaeobotanist 20(2):203–209
25. Ramanujam CGK, Rao KP (1978) Fungal spores from the Neogene Strata of Kerala in South India. Proceedings of the IV Int. Palynol. Conf. Lucknow, India, vol. 1, pp 291–304
26. Rao KP, Ramanujam CGK (1976) A further record of microthyriaceous fungi from the Neogene deposits of Keral in South India. Geophytology 6(1):96–104
27. Raup DM, Stanley SM (1978) Principle of paleontology. W.H. Freeman, San Francisco, 481 pp
28. Robert N (1998) The Holocene; an environmental history, 2nd edn. Blackwell, UK, 316 pp
29. Rossignol-Martine (1995) Sea-land correlation of pollen records in the Eastern Mediterranean for the glacial- interglacial transition, biostratigraphy versus radiometric time-scale. Quat Sci Rev 14:893–915
30. Rouse GE (1962) Plant microfossils from the Barrard Formation of Western British Colombia. Micropaleontology 8(2):187–218
31. Rull V (2003) An illustrated key for the identification of pollen from pantepui and the Gram Saban (Eastern Venezwellan Guayana). Palynology 27:99–133
32. Servant M, Maley J, Turcq B, Absy M-L, Brenac P, Fournier M, Ledru M-P (1993) Tropical forest changes during the late Quaternary in African and South American lowlands. Global Planet Change 7:25–40
33. Solecki RS (1957) The 1956 season at Shanidar. Sumer XIII:165–171
34. Stanley SM (1989) Earth and life through time. W.H. Freeman, New York, 689 pp
35. Starkel L (1993) Late Quaternary palaeohydrology as related to future environmental change. Global Planet Change 7:95–108
36. Tash P (1973) Paleobiology of the invertebrate. Wiley, New York, 946 pp
37. Tissot C, Chikhi H, Nayar TS (1994) Pollen of wet evergreen forests of the Western Ghats, India. Institut Farnsais de Pondichery, India, No. 35, 133 pp
38. Traverse AJ (1988) Paleopalynology. Unwin Hyman, London, 600 pp
39. Tyson RV (1995) Sedimentary organic matters, organic facies and palynofacies. Chapman & Hall, London, xviii + 615 pp
40. Uchupi E, Swift SA, Ross DA (1996) Gas venting and late Quaternary sedimentation in the Arabian Gulf. Mar Geol 129:237–269
41. Van Andel TV, Tzedakis PC (1996) Palaeolithic landscapes of Europe and environs 15.000–25.000 years ago: an overview. Quat Sci Rev 15:481–500
42. Wicander R, Monroe J (2004) Historical geology, evaluation of earth and life through time, 4th edn. Thomson-Brooks/Cole, Belmont, 427 pp
43. Willard DA, Cooper SR, Gamez D, Jensen J (2004) Atlas of pollen and spores of the Florida Everglades. Palynology 28:175–227
44. Yacoub SY, Roffa SH, Tawfiq JM (1985) Geology of Al-Amarah, Al-Nasiriyah, Al-Basrah Area. GEOSURV Lib. Iraq, Unpublished Report No. 1386, 297 pp
45. Yasuda Y, Kitagawa H, Nakagawa T (2000) The earliest record of major anthropogenic deforestation in the Ghab Valley, northwest Syria: a palynological study. Quat Int 73/74:127–136
46. Zeist VW, Bottema S (1977) Palynological investigation in western Iran. Palaeohistoria 19:19–85
47. Zonneveld K (1996) Palaeoclimatic and palaeoecologic changes in the Eastern Mediterranean and Arabian Sea regions during the last deglaciation: a palynological approach to land–sea correlation. LPP Contribution Series No. 3, Holland, 199 pp