Eschewing community: Black metal

Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology

Volumn 25, Issue 1, 2015, Pages 66-81

  Venkatesh, Vivek ^a   Podoshen, Jeffrey S ^b   Urbaniak, Kathryn ^a   Wallin, Jason J ^c  

^a Gina Cody School of Engineering and Computer Science   (Canada)

^b FRANKLIN AND MARSHALL COLLEGE   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Black metal; Community orientation; Extreme metal; Fandom; Heavy metal; Individuality; Music scenes; Norway; Signification

Indexed keywords

EID: 84922679169     PISSN: 10529284     EISSN: 10991298     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/casp.2197     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Aites, A., & Ewell, A. (Directors). (2009). Until the light takes Us [Documentary]. United States of America: Variance Films.
2. Anderson, C. A., Carnegie, N. L., & Eubanks, J. (2003). Exposure to violent media: The effects of songs with violent lyrics on aggressive thoughts and feelings. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(5), 960-971.
3. Arnett, J. J. (1995). Metalheads: Heavy metal music and adolescent alienation. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
4. Bååth, J. (Director). (2012). Opus Diaboli [Documentary]. Sweden: His Master's Noise.
5. Bennett, A. (1999). Subcultures or neo-tribes? Rethinking the relationship between youth, style and musical taste. Sociology, 33(3), 599-617.
6. Beste, P. (2008). True Norwegian black metal. New York, NY: Vice Books.
7. Bourdieu, P. (1989). Outline of a theory of practice. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
8. Bryman A. (2008). Social research methods. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
9. Cova, B., Pace, S., & Park, D. J. (2007). Global brand communities across borders: The Warhammer case. International Marketing Review, 24(3), 313-329.
10. Charmaz, K. (2008). Grounded theory as an emergent method. In S. N. Hesse-Biber, & P. Leavy (Eds.), The handbook of emergent methods (pp. 155-170). New York, NY: Guilford.
11. Dunn, S., McFadyen, S., & Wise S. (Directors). (2005). Metal: A headbanger's journey [Documentary]. Canada: Banger Films.
12. Eriksen, T. H. (2012). Xenophobic exclusion and the new right in Norway. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 22, 206-209.
13. Fernandez, K. V., & Lastovicka, J. L. (2011). Making Magic: Fetishes in Contemporary Consumption. Journal of Consumer Research, 38, 278-299.
14. Firat, A. F., & Dholakia, N. (1998). Consuming People: From Political Economy to Theaters of Consumption. New York, NY: Routledge.
15. Fox, K. J. (1987). Real punks and pretenders: The social organization of a counterculture. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 16(3). 344-370.
16. Frith, S. (1996). Music and identity. In S. Hall, & P. DuGay (eds) Questions of Cultural Identity (pp. 108-127). London, UK: Sage.
17. Grayson, K., & Shulman, D. (2000). Indexicality and the Verification Function of Irreplaceable Possessions: A Semiotic Analysis. Journal of Consumer Research, 27, 17-30.
18. Haenfler, R. (2006). Straight edge: Clean living youth, hardcore punk and social change. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
19. Hagen, R. (2011). Musical style, ideology, and mythology in Norwegian black metal. In J. Wallach, H. M. Berger, & P. D. Greene (Eds.), Metal rules the globe (pp. 180-199). Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
20. Hesmondhalgh, D. (2005). Subcultures, scenes or tribes? None of the above. Journal of Youth Studies, 8(1), 21-40.
21. Hesmondhalgh, D. (2008). Towards a critical understanding of music, emotion and self-identity. Consumption, Markets and Culture, 11(4), 329-343.
22. Hodkinson, P. (2002). Goth: Identity, style and subculture. Oxford, UK: Berg.
23. Izberk-Bilgin, E. (2010). An interdisciplinary review of resistance to consumption, some marketing interpretations, and future research suggestions. Consumption, Markets and Culture, 13(3), 299-323.
24. Kahn-Harris, K. (2004). The failure of youth culture: Reflexivity, music and politics in the black metal scene. European Journal of Cultural Studies, 7, 95-111.
25. Kahn-Harris, K. (2007). Extreme metal: Music and culture on the edge. New York, NY: Berg.
26. Kahn-Harris, K. (2011). You are from Israel and that is enough to hate you forever. In J. Wallach, H. M. Berger, & P. D. Greene (Eds.), Metal rules the globe (pp. 200-223). Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
27. McMillan, D. W., & Chavis, D. M. (1986). Sense of community: A definition and theory. American Journal of Community Psychology, 14(1), 6-23.
28. Mehta, R., & Belk, R. W. (1991). Artifacts, identity, and transition: Favorite possessions of Indians and Indian immigrants to the United States. Journal of Consumer Research 17, 398-411.
29. Metamorfosis (2011). Taake en Puebla 2011. Retrieved February 17, 2013 from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HSMNYBVwiVE
30. Monk, G. (2011). Why didn't the churches begin to burn a thousand years earlier? In T. Bossious, A. Hager, & K. Kahn-Harris (Eds.), Religion and popular music in Europe: New expressions of sacred and secular identity (pp. 124-144) New York, NY: I.B. Tauris.
31. Morton, T. (2010). The ecological thought. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
32. Moynihan, M., & Søderlind, D. (1998). Lords of chaos: The bloody rise of the satanic metal underground. Los Angeles, CA: Feral House.
33. Muggleton, D. (2000). Inside subculture: The postmodern meaning of style. Oxford, UK: Berg.
34. Patterson, M., & Schroeder, J. (2010). Borderlines: Skin, tattoos and consumer culture theory. Marketing Theory 10, 256-267.
35. Phelps, J. M., Blakar, R. M., Carlquist, E., Nafstad, H. E., & Rand-Hendriksen, K., (2012). Symbolic boundaries and ideology in the Norwegian multicultural society: A longitudinal study of public discourse. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 22, 187-205.
36. Podoshen, J. S. (2013). Dark tourism motivations: Simulation, emotional contagion and topographic comparison. Tourism Management, 35, 263-271.
37. Podoshen, J. S., Venkatesh, V., & Jin, Z. (2014). Theoretical reflections on dystopian consumer culture: Black metal. Marketing Theory (online first, published February 27, 2014). DOI: 10.1177/1470593114523446.
38. Sheol-mag. (2009). Taake interview. Retrieved February 17, 2013 from: http://www.oocities.org/de/damned_child_666/Interviews/taake.htm
39. Simmons, G. (2008). Marketing to postmodern consumers: Introducing the internet chameleon. European Journal of Marketing, 42(3/4), 299-310.
40. Skjellum, T. (Director). (2007). The Misanthrope [Documentary]. Norway: Tyrant Syndicate.
41. Snell, D., & Hodgetts, D. (2007). Heavy metal, identity and the social negotiation of a community of practice. Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, 17, 430-445.
42. Spiggle, S. (1994). Analysis and interpretation of qualitative data in consumer research. Journal of Consumer Research 21, 491-503.
43. Straw, W. (1991). Systems of articulation, logics of change: Communities and scenes in popular music. Cultural Studies, 5(3), 368-388.
44. Venkatesh, V., Podoshen, J., Perri, D., & Urbaniak, K. (2014). From pride to prejudice to shame: Multiple facets of the black metal scene within and without online environments. In V. Venkatesh, J. Wallin, J. Castro, & J. E. Lewis (eds.) Educational, behavioral and psychological considerations in niche online communities. (pp. 364-388). Hershey, PA: IGI Worldwide.
45. Venkatesh, V., Shaikh, K., Thomas, T., Urbaniak, K., Gallant, T., Waddington, D., & Zuberi, A. (2012). Technological transparency in the Age of Web 2.0: A case study of interactions in Internet-based forums. In E. Pontes, A. Silva, A. Guelfi, & S. Takeo Kofuji (Eds.), Methodologies, tools and new developments for E-learning (pp. 93-106). Vienna, Austria: InTech.
46. Vice Magazine (2011). True Norwegian black metal. Retrieved February 17, 2013 from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i4U33U_UyzQ
47. Vice Magazine (2012). One man metal. Retrieved February 17, 2013 from http://www.vice.com/noisey-vbs/one-man-metal-part-1
48. Wallach, J. M., Berger, H. M., & Greene, P. D. (2011). Affective overdrive, scene dynamics, and identity in the global metal scene. In J. M. Wallach, H. M. Berger, & P. D. Greene (Eds.), Metal rules the globe (pp. 3-33). Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
49. Wallin, J. J. (2012). On the plains of Gorgoroth: Black metal, youth culture, and the psychoanalytic question of evil. Cultural Formations, 1. Retrieved February 17, 2013 from http://culturalformations.org/on-the-plains-of-gorgoroth-black-metal-youth-culture-and-the-psychoanalytic-question-of-evil/
50. Walser, R. (1993). Running with the devil: Power, gender and madness in heavy metal music. Hanover, NH: Wesleyan University Press.
51. Weinstein, D. (2000). Heavy metal: The music and its culture. New York, NY: Da Capo Press.
52. Weinstein, D. (2011). The globalization of metal. In J. M. Wallach, H. M. Berger, & P. D. Greene (Eds.), Metal rules the globe, (pp. 34-62). Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
53. Widdicombe, S., & Wooffitt, R. (1995) The language of youth subcultures: Social identity in action. Hemel Hempstead, UK: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
54. Williams, J. P. (2006). Authentic identities: Straightedge subculture, music and the Internet. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 35(2), 173-200.