Microbial biotechnology for decolorization of textile wastewaters

Reviews in Environmental Science and Biotechnology

Volumn 14, Issue 1, 2015, Pages 73-92

  Imran, Muhammad ^a   Crowley, David E ^b   Khalid, Azeem ^c   Hussain, Sabir ^d   Mumtaz, Muhammad Waseem ^a   Arshad, Muhammad ^e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GUJRAT   (Pakistan)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c PMAS ARID AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITY   (Pakistan)

^d GOVERNMENT COLLEGE UNIVERSITY   (Pakistan)

^e UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE   (Pakistan)

Author keywords

Decolorization; Microbes; Physico chemical properties; Textile effluents

Indexed keywords

EID: 84922611450     PISSN: 15691705     EISSN: 15729826     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11157-014-9344-4     Document Type: Review

References (147)

1. Abu-Ghunmi LN, Jamrah AI (2006) Biological treatment of textile wastewater using sequencing batch reactor technology. Environ Model Assess 11:333–343
2. Abraha K, Gebrekidan A, Weldegebriel Y, Hadera A (2014) Physico-chemical analysis of Almeda textile industry effluents in Tigray, Northern Ethopia. J Environ Annal Chem. doi:10.4172/jreac:1000103
3. Agarry SE, Ayobami OA (2011) Evaluation of microbial systems for biotreatment of textile waste effluents in Nigeria: biodecolourization and biodegradation of textile dye. J Appl Sci Environ Manag 15:79–86
4. Ali S, Nadeem R, Bhatti HN, Hayat S, Ali S, Chatha S, Muneer M (2006) Analyses and treatment of textile effluents. Int J Agric Biol 8:641–644
5. Ali N, Hameed A, Ahmed S (2009) Physicochemical characterization and bioremediation perspective of textile effluent, dyes and metals by indigenous Bacteria. J Hazard Mater 164:322–328
6. Ali DM, Suresh A, Praveen Kumar R, Gunasekaran M, Thajuddin N (2011) Efficiency of textile dye decolorization by marine cyanobacterium, Oscillatoria formosa NTDM02. Afr J Basic Appl Sci 3:9–13
7. Alinsafi A, Da Motta M, Le Bonté S, Pons MN, Benhammou A (2006) Effect of variability on the treatment of textile dyeing wastewater by activated sludge. Dyes Pigment 69:31–39
8. Amaral PFF, Fernandes DLA, Tavares APM, Xavier ABMR, Cammarota MC, Coutinho JAP, Coelho MAZ (2004) Decolorization of dyes from textile wastewater by Trametes versicolor. Environ Technol 25:1313–1320
9. Anastasi A, Parato B, Spina F, Tigini V, Prigione V, Varese GC (2011) Decolourisation and detoxification in the fungal treatment of textile wastewaters from dyeing processes. New Biotechnol 29:38–45
10. Andleeb SAADIA, Atiq N, Ali MI, Razi-ul-Hussnain RAJA, Shafiqe M, Ahmed B (2010) Biological treatment of textile effluent in stirred tank bioreactor. Int J Agric Biol 12:256–260
11. Asgher M, Noreen S, Bhatti HN (2010) Decolorization of dye-containing textile industry effluents using Ganoderma lucidum IBL-05 in still cultures. Water Environ Res 82:357–361
12. Asgher M, Jamil F, Iqbal HMN (2012) Bioremediation potential of mixed white rot culture of Pleurotus ostreatus IBL-02 and Coriolus versicolor IBL-04 for textile industry wastewater. J Bioremed Biodegrad:007. doi:10.4172/2155-6199.S1-007
13. Aslam MM, Baig MA, Hassan I, Qazi IA, Malik M, Saeed H (2004) Textile wastewater characterization and reduction of its COD and BOD by oxidation. EJEAF Che 3:804–811
14. Assadi MM, Jahangiri MR (2001) Textile wastewater treatment by Aspergillus niger. Desalination 14:1–6
15. Assadi MM, Rostami K, Shahvali M, Azin M (2001) Decolorization of textile wastewater by Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Desalination 141:331–336
16. Ayed L, Mahdhi A, Cheref A, Bakhrouf A (2011) Decolorization and degradation of azo dye methyl red by an isolated Sphingomonas paucimobilis: biotoxicity and metabolites characterization. Desalination 274:272–277
17. Bafana A, Chakrabarti T, Muthal P, Kanade G (2009) Detoxification of benzidine-based azo dye by E. gallinarum: time-course study. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 72:960–964
18. Baldrian P (2006) Fungal laccases–occurrence and properties. FEMS Microbiol Rev 30:215–242
19. Bayoumi RA, Musa SM, Bahobil AS, Louboudy SS, El-Sakawey TA (2010) Biodecolorization and biodegradation of azo dyes by some bacterial isolates. J Appl Environ Biol Sci 1:1–25
20. Blánquez P, Sarrà M, Vicent T (2008) Development of a continuous process to adapt the textile wastewater treatment by fungi to industrial conditions. Process Biochem 43:1–7
21. Bragger JL, Lloyd AW, Soozandehfar SH, Bloomfield SF, Marriott C, Martin GP (1997) Investigations into the azo reducing activity of a common colonic microorganism. Int J Pharm 157:61–71
22. Carliell CM, Barclay SJ, Shaw C, Wheatley AD, Buckley CA (1998) The effect of salts used in textile dyeing on microbial decolorization of a reactive azo dye. Environ Technol 19:1133–1137
23. Carneiro PA, Umbuzeiro GA, Oliveira DP, Zanoni MVB (2010) Assessment of water contamination caused by a mutagenic textile effluent/dyehouse effluent bearing disperse dyes. J Hazard Mater 174:694–699
24. Cervantes FJ, Santos ABD (2011) Reduction of azo dyes by anaerobic bacteria: microbiological and biochemical aspects. Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol 10:125–137
25. Chacko JT, Subramaniam K (2011) Enzymatic degradation of azo dyes—a review. Int J Environ Sci 1:1250–1260
26. Chakraborty S, Basak B, Dutta S, Bhunia B, Dey A (2013) Decolorization and biodegradation of congo red dye by a novel white rot fungus Alternaria alternata CMERI F6. Bioresour Technol 147:662–666
27. Chang JS, Kuo TS (2000) Kinetics of bacterial decolorization of azo dye with Escherichia coli NO3. Bioresour Technol 75:107–111
28. Charumathi D, Das N (2012) Packed bed column studies for the removal of synthetic dyes from textile wastewater using immobilised dead C. tropicalis. Desalination 285:22–30
29. Chen G, Chen L (2011) A batch decolorization and kinetic study of reactive black 5 by a bacterial strain Enterobacter sp. GY-1. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 65:790–796
30. Chen KC, Wu JY, Liou DJ, Hwang SCJ (2003) Decolorization of the textile dyes by newly isolated bacterial strains. J Biotechnol 101:57–68
31. Chen H, Wang RF, Cerniglia CE (2004) Molecular cloning, overexpression, purification, and characterization of an aerobic FMN-dependent azoreductase from Enterococcus faecalis. Protein Expr Purif 34:302–310
32. Cheunbarn T, Cheunbarn S, Khumjai T (2008) Prospects of bacterial granule for treatment of raw textile industrial wastewater. Int J Agric Biol 10:689–692
33. Cing SDEO, Hamamci DA, Apohan E, Yeşilada O (2003) Decolorization of textile dyeing wastewater by Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Folia Microbiol 48:639–642
34. Correia VM, Stephenson T, Judd SJ (1994) Characterization of textile wastewaters—a review. Environ Technol 15:917–929
35. Couto RS, Herrera JLT (2006) Industrial and biotechnological applications of laccases: a review. Biotechnol Adv 24:500–513
36. Cui D, Li G, Zhao D, Gu X, Wang C, Zhao M (2011) Purification and characterization of an azoreductase from Escherichia coli CD-2 possessing quinone reductase activity. Process Biochem 47:544–549
37. Dafale N, Rao NN, Meshram SU, Wate SR (2008) Decolorization of azo dyes and simulated dye bath wastewater using acclimatized microbial consortium–biostimulation and halo tolerance. Bioresour Technol 99:2552–2558
38. Dawkar VV, Jadhav UU, Jadhav SU, Govindwar SP (2008) Biodegradation of disperse textile dye Brown 3REL by newly isolated Bacillus sp. VUS. J Appl Microbiol 105:14–24
39. Dawkar VV, Jadhav UU, Tamboli DP, Govindwar SP (2010) Efficient industrial dye decolorization by Bacillus sp. VUS with its enzyme system. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 73:1696–1703
40. Dayaram P, Dasgupta D (2008) Decolorisation of synthetic dyes and textile wastewater using Polyporus rubidus. J Environ Biol 29:831–836
41. Deng D, Guo J, Zeng G, Sun G (2008) Decolorization of anthraquinone, triphenylmethane and azo dyes by a new isolated Bacillus cereus strain DC11. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 62:263–269
42. Diwaniyan S, Kharb D, Raghukumar C, Kuhad RC (2010) Decolorization of synthetic dyes and textile effluents by basidiomycetous fungi. Water Air Soil Pollut 1–4:409–419
43. D’Souza DT, Tiwari R, Sah AK, Raghukumar C (2006) Enhanced production of laccase by a marine fungus during treatment of colored effluents and synthetic dyes. Enzyme Microb Technol 38:504–511
44. Duarte-Vázquez MA, García-Almendárez BE, Rojo-Domínguez A, Whitaker JR, Arroyave-Hernández C, Regalado C (2003) Monosaccharide composition and properties of a deglycosylated turnip peroxidase isozyme. Phytochemistry 62:5–11
45. EPA (1997) Profile of the textile industry, environmental protection agency. Washington, USA
46. Esteves M, Silva JD (2004) Electrochemical degradation of reactive blue 19 dye in textile wastewater. Autex World Textile Conference (4) Roubaix pp 1–6
47. Fu Y, Viraraghavan T (2001) Fungal decolorization of dye wastewaters: a review. Bioresour Technol 79:251–262
48. Georgiou D, Hatiras J, Aivasidis A (2005) Microbial immobilization in a two-stage fixed-bed-reactor pilot plant for on-site anaerobic decolorization of textile wastewater. Enzyme Microb Technol 37:597–605
49. Gholami-Borujeni F, Mahvi AH, Nasseri S, Faramarzi MA, Nabizadeh R, Alimohammadi M (2011) Enzymatic treatment and detoxification of acid orange 7 from textile wastewater. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 165:1274–1284
50. Goel S (2010) Anaerobic baffled reactor for treatment of textile dye effluent. J Sci Ind Res 69:305–307
51. Gopinath KP, Kathiravan MN, Srinivasan R, Sankaranarayanan S (2011) Evaluation and elimination of inhibitory effects of salts and heavy metal ions on biodegradation of Congo red by Pseudomonas sp. mutant. Bioresour Technol 102:3687–3693
52. Gottlieb A, Shaw C, Smith A, Wheatley A, Forsythe S (2003) The toxicity of textile reactive dyes after hydrolysis and decolourisation. J Biotechnol 101:49–56
53. Grassi E, Scodeller P, Filiel N, Carballo R, Levin L (2011) Potential of Trametes trogii culture fluids and its purified laccase for the decolorization of different types of recalcitrant dyes without the addition of redox mediators. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 65:635–643
54. Guo J, Zhou J, Wang D, Tian C, Wang PM, Uddin S (2008) A novel moderately halophilic bacterium for decolorizing azo dye under high salt condition. Biodegradation 19:15–19
55. Gupta VK (2009) Application of low-cost adsorbents for dye removal—a review. J Environ Manag 90:2313–2342
56. Gursahani YH, Gupta SG (2011) Decolourization of textile effluent by a thermophilic bacteria Anoxybacillus rupiensis. J Pet Environ Biotechnol 2:108–2011
57. Hadibarata T, Yusoff ARM, Aris A, Hidayat T, Kristanti RA (2012) Decolorization of azo, triphenylmethane and anthraquinone dyes by laccase of a newly isolated Armillaria sp. F022. Water Air Soil Pollut 223:1045–1054
58. Henciya S, Shankar AM, Malliga P (2013) Decolorization of textile dye effluent by marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya sp. BDU 9001 with coir pith. Int J Environ Sci 3:909–918
59. Hoegger PJ, Kilaru S, James TY, Thacker JR, Kües U (2006) Phylogenetic comparison and classification of laccase and related multicopper oxidase protein sequences. FEBS J 273:2308–2326
60. Hu X, Gao H, Zhang Y, Zhou YX, Jiang JY (2009) Study on biodegradation of azo dye by thermophilic anaerobic process. In Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering, 2009. ICBBE 2009. 3rd International Conference on (pp 1–4). IEEE
61. Hunger K (2003) Industrial dyes-chemistry, properties, applications. VCH, New York
62. Husain Q (2010) Peroxidase mediated decolorization and remediation of wastewater containing industrial dyes: a review. Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol 9(117–140):2010
63. Husain Q, Jan U (2000) Detoxification of phenols and aromatic amines from polluted wastewater by using phenol oxidases. J Sci Ind Res 59:286–293
64. Hussain S, Maqbool Z, Ali S, Yasmeen T, Imran M, Mahmood F, Abbas F (2013) Biodecolorization of reactive black-5 by a metal and salt tolerant bacterial strain Pseudomonas sp. RA20 isolated from Paharang drain effluents in Pakistan. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 98:331–338
65. Jadhav SU, Ghodake GS, Telke AA, Tamboli DP, Govindwar SP (2009) Degradation and detoxification of disperse dye Scarlet RR by Galactomyces geotrichum MTCC 1360. J Microbiol Biotechnol 19:409–415
66. Jadhav JP, Kalyani DC, Telke AA, Phugare SS, Govindwar SP (2010) Evaluation of the efficacy of a bacterial consortium for the removal of color, reduction of heavy metals, and toxicity from textile dye effluent. Bioresour Technol 101:165–173
67. Jalandoni-Buan AC, Decena-Soliven AA, Cao EP, Barraquio VL, Barraquio WL (2010) Characterization and identification of Congo red decolorizing bacteria from monocultures and consortia. Philipp J Sci 139:71–78
68. Jang MS, Jung BG, Sung NC, Lee YC (2007) Decolorization of textile plant effluent by Citrobacter sp. strain KCTC 18061P. J Gen Appl Microbiol 53:339–343
69. Jin XC, Liu GQ, Xu ZH, Tao WY (2007) Decolorization of a dye industry effluent by Aspergillus fumigatus XC6. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 74:239–243
70. Joshi SM, Inamdar SA, Telke A, Tamboli DP, Govindwar SP (2010) Exploring the potential of natural bacterial consortium to degrade mixture of dyes and textile effluent. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 64:622–628
71. Kanayama N, Suzuki T, Kawai K (2002) Purification and characterization of an alkaline manganese peroxidase from Aspergillus terreus LD-1. J Biosci Bioeng 93:405–410
72. Karam J, Nicell JA (1997) Potential applications of enzymes in waste treatment. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 69:141–153
73. Karigar C, Mahesh A, Nagenahalli M, Yun DJ (2006) Phenol degradation by immobilized cells of Arthrobacter citreus. Biodegradation 17:47–55
74. Kaushik P, Malik A (2010) Effect of nutritional conditions on dye removal from textile effluent by Aspergillus lentulus. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 26:1957–1964
75. Khalid A, Arshad M, Crowley DE (2008) Accelerated decolorization of structurally different azo dyes by newly isolated bacterial strains. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 78:361–369
76. Khalid A, Kausar F, Arshad M, Mahmood T, Ahmed I (2012) Accelerated decolorization of reactive azo dyes under saline conditions by bacteria isolated from Arabian seawater sediment. Microbiol Biotechnol 96:1599–1606
77. Khlifi R, Sayadi S, Belbahri L, Woodward S, Mechichi T (2009) Effect of HBT on the stability of laccase during the decolourization of textile wastewaters. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 84:1828–1833
78. Khlifi R, Belbahri L, Woodward S, Ellouz M, Dhouib A, Sayadi S, Mechichi T (2010) Decolourization and detoxification of textile industry wastewater by the laccase-mediator system. J Hazard Mater 175:802–808
79. Kudlich M, Keck A, Klein J, Stolz A (1997) Localization of the enzyme system involved in anaerobic reduction of azo dyes by Sphingomonas sp. strain BN6 and effect of artificial redox mediators on the rate of azo dye reduction. Appl Environ Microbiol 63:3691–3694
80. Li T, Guthrie JT (2010) Colour removal from aqueous solutions of metal-complex azo dyes using bacterial cells of Shewanella strain J18 143. Bioresour Technol 101:4291–4295
81. Liu GF, Zhou JT, Wang J, Song ZY, Qv YY (2006) Bacterial decolorization of azo dyes by Rhodopseudomonas palustris. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 22:1069–1074
82. Ma C, Zhou S, Lu Q, Yang G, Wang D, Zhuang L, Lei F (2013) Decolorization of Orange I under alkaline and anaerobic conditions by a newly isolated humus-reducing bacterium, Planococcus sp. MC01. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 83:17–24
83. Manu B, Chaudhari S (2002) Anaerobic decolorisation of simulated textile wastewater containing azo dyes. Bioresour Technol 82:225–231
84. Manu B, Chaudhari S (2003) Decolorization of indigo and azo dyes in semicontinuous reactors with long hydraulic retention time. Process Biochem 38:1213–1221
85. Mazumder R, Logan JR, Mikell AT Jr, Hooper SW (1999) Characteristics and purification of an oxygen insensitive azoreductase from Caulobacter subvibrioides strain C7-D. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 23:476–483
86. Mehna A, Bajpai P, Bajpai PK (1995) Studies on decolorization of effluent from a small pulp mill utilizing agriresidues with Trametes versicolor. Enzyme Microb Technol 17:18–22
87. Melgoza RM, Cruz A, Buitron G (2004) Anaerobic/aerobic treatment of colorants present in textile effluents. Water Sci Technol 50:149–155
88. Meng X, Liu G, Zhou J, Fu QS, Wang G (2012) Azo dye decolorization by Shewanella aquimarina under saline conditions. Bioresour Technol 114:95–101
89. Miranda RDCMD, Gomes EDB, Pereira N Jr, Marin-Morales MA, Machado KMG, Gusmão NBD (2013) Biotreatment of textile effluent in static bioreactor by Curvularia lunata URM 6179 and Phanerochaete chrysosporium URM 6181. Bioresour Technol 142:361–367
90. Misal SA, Lingojwar DP, Shinde RM, Gawai KR (2011) Purification and characterization of azoreductase from alkaliphilic strain Bacillus badius. Process Biochem 46:1264–1269
91. Mojsov K (2011) Application of enzymes in the textile industry: a review. In: II International Congress “Engineering, Ecology and Materials in the Processing Industry”. pp 230–239, Jahorina, Bosnia and Hercegovina
92. Moya R, Hernández M, García-Martín AB, Ball AS, Arias ME (2010) Contributions to a better comprehension of redox-mediated decolouration and detoxification of azo dyes by a laccase produced by Streptomyces cyaneus CECT 3335. Bioresour Technol 101:2224–2229
93. Mugdha A, Usha M (2012) Enzymatic treatment of wastewater containing dyestuffs using different delivery systems. Sci Rev Chem Commun 2:31–40
94. Mukherjee S, Basak B, Bhunia B, Dey A, Mondal B (2013) Potential use of polyphenol oxidases (PPO) in the bioremediation of phenolic contaminants containing industrial wastewater. Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol 12:61–73
95. Murugalatha N, Mohankumar A, Sankaravadivoo A, Rajesh C (2010) Textile effluent treatment by Bacillus species isolated from processed food. Afr J Microbiol Res 4:2122–2126
96. Nam S, Renganathan V (2000) Non-enzymatic reduction of azo dyes by NADH. Chemosphere 40:351–357
97. Nigam P, Banat IM, Singh D, Marchant R (1996) Microbial process for the decolorization of textile effluent containing azo, diazo and reactive dyes. Process Biochem 31:435–442
98. Nilsson I, Möller A, Mattiasson B, Rubindamayugi MST, Welander U (2006) Decolorization of synthetic and raw textile wastewater by the use of white-rot fungi. Enzyme Microb Technol 38:94–100
99. Nordin N, Amir M, Fathrita S, Othman MR (2013) Textile industries wastewater treatment by electrochemical oxidation technique using metal plate. Int J Electrochem Sci 8:11403–11415
100. O’Neill C, Hawkes FR, Esteves SRR, Hawkes DL, Wilcox SJ (1999) Anaerobic and aerobic treatment of a simulated textile effluent. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 74:993–999
101. Ogugbue CJ, Sawidis T (2011) Optimization of process parameters for bioreduction of azo dyes using Bacillus firmus under batch anaerobic condition. Int J Environ Stud 68:651–665
102. Pearce CI, Lloyd JR, Guthrie JT (2003) The removal of color from textile wastewater using whole bacterial cells: a review. Dyes Pigment 58:179–196
103. Perumal SM, Munuswamy D, Sellamuthu PS, Kandasamy M, Thangavelu KP (2007) Biosorption of textile dyes and effluents by Pleurotus florida and Trametes hirsuta with evaluation of their laccase activity. Iran J Biotechnol 5:114–118
104. Phugare SS, Kalyani DC, Surwase SN, Jadhav JP (2011) Ecofriendly degradation, decolorization and detoxification of textile effluent by a developed bacterial consortium. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 74:1288–1296
105. Pierce J (1994) Colour in textile effluents—the origins of the problem. J Soc Dye Colour 110:131–133
106. Pourbabaee AA, Malekzadeh F, Sarbolouki MN, Najafi F (2006) Aerobic decolorization and detoxification of a disperse dye in textile effluent by a new isolate of Bacillus sp. Biotechnol Bioeng 93:631–635
107. Rajamohan N, Rajasimman M (2012) Kinetic modeling of dye effluent biodegradation by Pseudomonas stutzeri. Eng Technol Appl Sci Res 3:387–390
108. ReVelle P, ReVelle C (1988) The environment: issues and choices forsociety, 3rd edn. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Boston 749
109. Rosli M, Habibah N (2006) Development of biological treatment system for reduction of COD from textile wastewater (Doctoral dissertation, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Science)
110. Roy R, Fakhruddin ANM, Khatun R, Islam MS (2010a) Reduction of COD and pH of textile industrial effluents by aquatic macrophytes and algae. J Bangladesh Acad Sci 34:9–14
111. Roy R, Fakhruddin ANM, Khatun R, Islam MS, Ahsan MA, Neger AJMT (2010b) Characterization of textile industrial effluents and its effects on aquatic macrophytes and algae. Bangladesh J Sci Ind Res 45:79–84
112. Ryan A, Kaplan E, Nebel J-C, Polycarpou E, Crescente V, Low E, Pretson GM, Sim E (2014) Identification of NAD(P)H oxidoreductase activity in azoreductase from P. aeruginosa: Azoreductase and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase belong to same FMN-dependent superfamily of enzymes. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0098551
113. Sani RK, Banerjee UC (1999) Decolorization of triphenylmethane dyes and textile and dye-stuff effluent by Kurthia sp. Enzyme Microb Technol 24:433–437
114. Sani RK, Azmi W, Banerjee UC (1998) Comparison of static and shake culture in the decolorization of textile dyes and dye effluents by Phanerochate chrysosporium. Folia Microbiol 43:85–88
115. Santos ABD, de Madrid MP, Stams AJ, Van Lier JB, Cervantes FJ (2005) Azo dye reduction by mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic consortia. Biotechnol Prog 21:1140–1145
116. Saparrat N, Carlos M, Hammer E (2006) Decolorization of synthetic dyes by the deuteromycete Pestalotiopsis guepinii CLPS no. 786 strain. J Basic Microbiol 46:28–33
117. Saranraj P, Sumathi V, Reetha D, Stella D (2010) Decolorization and degradation of direct azo dyes and biodegradation of textile dye effluent by using bacteria isolated from textile dye effluent. J Ecobiotechnol 2:7–11
118. Saratale RG (2012) Development of efficient microbial consortium for biodegradation of azo dyes (Scarlet RR and Green HE4BD) PhD Thesis
119. Saratale RG, Saratale GD, Kalyani DC, Chang JS, Govindwar SP (2009) Enhanced decolorization and biodegradation of textile azo dye Scarlet R by using developed microbial consortium-GR. Bioresour Technol 100:2493–2500
120. Saratale RG, Saratale GD, Chang JS, Govindwar SP (2010) Decolorization and biodegradation of reactive dyes and dye wastewater by a developed bacterial consortium. Biodegradation 21:999–1015
121. Sedighi M, Karimi A, Vahabzadeh F (2009) Involvement of ligninolytic enzymes of Phanerochaete chrysosporium in treating the textile effluent containing Astrazon Red FBL in a packed-bed bioreactor. J Hazard Mater 169:88–93
122. Seesuriyachan P, Takenaka S, Kuntiya A, Klayraung S, Murakami S, Aoki K (2007) Metabolism of azo dyes by Lactobacillus casei TISTR 1500 and effects of various factors on decolorization. Water Res 41:985–992
123. Selvam K, Swaminathan K, Chae KS (2003) Decolourization of azo dyes and a dye industry effluent by a white rot fungus Thelephora sp. Bioresour Technol 88:115–119
124. Sharma SK, Goloubinoff P, Christen P (2008) Heavy metal ions are potent inhibitors of protein folding. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 372:341–345
125. Shedbalkar U, Jadhav JP (2011) Detoxification of malachite green and textile industrial effluent by Penicillium ochrochloron. Biotechnol Bioprocess Eng 16:196–204
126. Shin KS (2004) The role of enzymes produced by white-rot fungus Irpex lacteus in the decolorization of the textile industry effluent. J Microbiol 42:37–41
127. Spadaro JT, Gold MH, Renganathan V (1992) Degradation of azo dyes by the lignin-degrading fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Appl Environ Microbiol 58:2397–2401
128. Swamy J, Ramsay JA (1999) The evaluation of white rot fungi in the decoloration of textile dyes. Enzyme Microb Technol 24:130–137
129. Tamboli DP, Kurade MB, Waghmode TR, Joshi SM, Govindwar SP (2010) Exploring the ability of Sphingobacterium sp. ATM to degrade textile dye Direct Blue GLL, mixture of dyes and textile effluent and production of polyhydroxyhexadecanoic acid using waste biomass generated after dye degradation. J Hazard Mater 182:169–176
130. Telke A, Kalyani D, Jadhav J, Govindwar S (2008) Kinetics and mechanism of Reactive Red 141 degradation by a bacterial isolate Rhizobium radiobacter MTCC 8161. Acta Chim Slov 55:320–322
131. Telke AA, Joshi SM, Jadhav SU, Tamboli DP, Govindwar SP (2010) Decolorization and detoxification of Congo red and textile industry effluent by an isolated bacterium Pseudomonas sp. SU-EBT. Biodegradation 21:283–296
132. Tony BD, Goyal D, Khanna S (2009) Decolorization of textile azo dyes by aerobic bacterial consortium. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 63:462–469
133. Topac FO, Dindar E, Uçaroglu S, Başkaya HS (2009) Effect of a sulfonated azo dye and sulfanilic acid on nitrogen transformation processes in soil. J Hazard Mater 170:1006–1013
134. Valentin L, Lu-Chau TA, López C, Feijoo G, Moreira MT, Lema JM (2007) Biodegradation of dibenzothiophene, fluoranthene, pyrene and chrysene in a soil slurry reactor by the white-rot fungus Bjerkandera sp. BOS55. Process Biochem 42:641–648
135. Verma AK, Raghukumar C, Verma P, Shouche YS, Naik CG (2010) Four marine-derived fungi for bioremediation of raw textile mill effluents. Biodegradation 21:217–233
136. Vijaykumar MH, Vaishampayan PA, Shouche YS, Karegoudar TB (2007) Decolourization of naphthalene-containing sulfonated azo dyes by Kerstersia sp. strain VKY1. Enzyme Microb Technol 40:204–211
137. Vishwakarma SK, Singh MP, Srivastava AK, Pandey VK (2012) Azo dye (direct blue 14) decolorization by immobilized extracellular enzymes of Pleurotus species. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 58:21–25
138. Wang W, Zhang Z, Ni H, Yang X, Li Q, Li L (2012) Decolorization of industrial synthetic dyes using engineered Pseudomonas putida cells with surface-immobilized bacterial laccase. Microb Cell Fact 11:1–14
139. Wesenberg D, Kyriakides I, Agathos SN (2003) White-rot fungi and their enzymes for the treatment of industrial dye effluents. Biotechnol Adv 22:161–187
140. Wijetunga S, Li XF, Jian C (2010) Effect of organic load on decolourization of textile wastewater containing acid dyes in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor. J Hazard Mater 177:792–798
141. Yang Q, Li C, Li H, Li Y, Yu N (2009) Degradation of synthetic reactive azo dyes and treatment of textile wastewater by a fungi consortium reactor. Biocheml Eng J 43:225–230
142. Yang G, He Y, Cai Z, Zhao X, Wang L, Wang L (2011) Isolation and characterization of Pseudomonas putida WLY for reactive brilliant red x-3b decolorization. Afr J Biotechnol 10:10456–10464
143. You SJ, Tseng DH, Ou SH, Chang WK (2007) Performance and microbial diversity of a membrane bioreactor treating raw textile dyeing wastewater. Environ Technol 28:935–941
144. Yusuff RO, Sonibare JA (2004) Characterization of textile industries’ effluents in Kaduna, Nigeria and pollution implications. Glob Nest: Int J 6:212–221
145. Zheng J, Guo N, Wu L, Tian J, Zhou H (2013) Characterization and constitutive expression of a novel endo-1, 4-β-d-xylanohydrolase from Aspergillus niger in Pichia pastoris. Biotechnol Lett 35:1433–1440
146. Zheng M, Chi Y, Yi H, Shao S (2014) Decolorization of Alizarin Red and other synthetic dyes by a recombinant laccase from Pichia pastoris. Biotechnol Lett 36:39–45
147. Zhuo R, Ma L, Fan F, Gong Y, Wan X, Jiang M, Zhang X, Yang Y (2011) Decolorization of different dyes by a newly isolated white-rot fungi strain Ganoderma sp. En3 and cloning and functional analysis of its laccase gene. J Hazard Mater 192:855–873