Reformation of Feeling: Shaping the Religious Emotions in Early Modern Germany

Reformation of Feeling: Shaping the Religious Emotions in Early Modern Germany

Volumn , Issue , 2010, Pages 1-336

  Karant Nunn, Susan ^a  

^a Division for Late Medieval and Reformation Studies   (United States)

Author keywords

Calvinism; Crucifixion; Ecclesiastical leaders; Lutheranism; Parishioners; Preaching clergy; Reformation in germany; Reformed theology; Revised catholicism; Sermons

Indexed keywords

EID: 84922574492     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195399738.001.0001     Document Type: Book

References (380)

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2. Mellinkoff, Antisemitic Hate Signs in Hebrew Illuminated Manuscripts from Medieval Germany (Jerusalem: Center for Jewish Art, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 1999).
3. Charles Zika, "Witches and Other Stereotypes: Image-Making in Early Modern Europe," lecture given at the University of Arizona, October 26, 2005;
4. Zika, Exorcising Our Demons: Magic, Witchcraft and Visual Culture in Early Modern Europe (Leiden: Brill, 2003), chapter 12, 477-79
5. Heiko Augustinus Oberman, The Roots of Anti-Semitism in the Age of Renaissance and Reformation (Philadelphia: Fortress, 1984).
6. Franz Xavier Zacher's Die Passion des Herrn (Passauer Passionale), Schriften zur deutschen Literatur für die Görresgesellschaft 12 (Augsburg: Dr. Genno Filser Verlag, 1928), 24.
7. "Hallelujah Indeed: Debating Handel's Anti-Semitism," New York Times, 23 April 2007, B3.
8. Michael Marissen, Lutheranism, Anti-Judaism, and Bach's "St. John Passion" (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998).
9. Rosenwein, "Feudal War and Monastic Peace: Cluniac Liturgy as Ritual Aggression," Viator 2 (1971), 129-57.
10. Wann, Passion, 66.
11. Johannes Wild, Sacrosancta Passionis Saluatoris nostri Iesu Christi Hystoria, Ex quatuor Euangelistis studiose concinnata 35 in quatuor partes rite distincta (Mainz: Franciscus Behem, 1555).
12. Caspar Franck, Passion, Das Leyden vnnd Sterben Vnsers Herren Iesv Christi, auβ den H. vier Euangelisten zusammen gezogen (Ingolstadt: David Sartorius, 1576), for example, fol. 19 (recto), 150 (recto-verso).
13. Heinrich Helm, PASSIO Domini nostri Iesv Christi, secvndvm qvatuor Euangelistas ([Cologne]: Jaspar Gennepaeus, 1557), 12.
14. Bartholomeus Wagner, Passionale Oder Fvnffzehen Auβerlesene, Andächtige Passion vnd Blütpredigen ... (Freiburg/Br.: Martin Böckler, 1612), 39.
15. Herenäus Haid, Leben und Wirken des ehrwürdigen Vaters und Lehrers Petrus Canisius ... (Landshut: Johann Thomann, 1826), 28, 69, 76.
16. Canisius, Homilien oder Bemerkungen über die evangelischen Lesungen, welche das ganze Jahr hindurch an Sonn- und Festtagen in der Katholischen Kirche treffen. Translated by Herenäus Haid, 3 vols. (Augsburg: Karl Kollmann'schen Buchhandlung, 1845-1847), vol. 1, part 2, 81-82.
17. Konradin Roth, P. Martin von Cochem 1634-1712: Versuch einer Bibliographie (Koblenz: Ehrenbreitstein, 1980).
18. "Das Jesus Christus ein geborener Jude sei. 1523," WA 11, 314-36.
19. "Von den Juden und jren Lugen," WA 53, 412-552.
20. Kenneth Hagen, "Luther's So-Called Judenschriften: A Genre Approach," Archive for Reformation History 90 (1999), 130-48.
21. Von des Herrn Christi Leiden, von seinem Priestertumb vnd Aufferstehung, zwo Christliche seer tröstliche Predigten (Wittenberg: Georg Rhaws Erben, 1551).
22. Veit Dietrich, Passio oder Histori vom leiden Christi Jesu vnsers Heylands: Gepredigt durch Vitum Dietrich zu Nürmberg (Nuremberg: Johann vom Berg and Ulrich Neuber, 1545), ser. 8, fol. nvi (recto).
23. Tilemann Hesshusen, Postilla: Das ist, Außlegung der Evangelien auff alle Fest und Apostel Tage durchs gantze Jar (Helmstedt: Lucius, 1581), ser. 5, fol. xxix (recto-verso).
24. Selnecker, Passio: Das Leiden vnd Sterben vnsers HErrn Jesu Christi, nach den vier Euangelisten ... (Wittenberg: Clemens Schleich and Antonius Schöne, 1577)
25. "Am Chürfreytage geschehen, früe vmb Sechs, Sieben, Acht vnd Neun Vhr," fols. Piii (verso)-Piiii (recto).
26. Musculus, Christliche betrachtung der Passion Jhesu Christi ... zur buβ vnd vergebung der Sünden ... (Frankfurt an der Oder: Johan Eichorn, 1565).
27. Chemnitz, Historia Der Passion vnsers lieben HERRN vnd Heylands Jesu Christi ... (Wolfenbüttel: Horn, 1591), 72-73.
28. Johannes Calvin, Psalmpredigten, Passions-, Oster- und Pfingstpredigten, Supplementa Calviniana, Sermons inédits 8, edited by by Erwin Mülhaupt (Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchener Verlag des Erziehungsvereins, 1981), 153.
29. Beza, Sermons svr l'Histoire de la Passion et Sepulture de nostre Seigneur Iesus Christ, descrite par les quatre Euangelistes (Geneva: Jean le Preux, 1592), ser. 1, 4.
30. Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, vol. 39 (Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 1971; reprint of 1895 original), 369-72.
31. Derk Visser, Zacharias Ursinus: The Reluctant Reformer (New York: United Church Press, 1983).
32. Spindler, Passio et Resurrectio Christi: Auβlegung der Historien vnd Geschichte vom Leyden, sterben vnd auferstehung vnsers HERRN vnd Heylands Jesu Christi ... (Siegen/Nassau: Christoph Rab, 1596), ser. 2, 22-23.
33. Scultetus, Kirchen Postill, Das ist: Auβlegung der Sontäglichen Euangelischen Texten durchs gantze Jahr ... (Emden: Helvici Callenbach, 1632).
34. Louise Mirrer, "Representing 'Other' Men: Muslims, Jews, and Masculine Ideals in Medieval Castilian Epic and Ballad," in Medieval Masculinities: Regarding Men in the Middle Ages, edited by by Clare A. Lees (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1994), 169-86.
35. Miri Rubin, Corpus Christi: The Eucharist in Late Medieval Culture (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991);
36. Peter Browe, Die Verehrung der Eucharistie im Mittelalter (Munich: M. Hueber, 1933);
37. Browe, Die eucharistischen Wunder des Mittelalters (Breslau: Müller und Seifert, 1938).
38. Anne Derbes, Picturing the Passion in Late Medieval Italy: Narrative Painting, Franciscan Ideologies, and the Levant (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), attributes the revival of a feeling Christ to the Franciscans.
39. Robert Scribner, Popular Culture and Popular Movements in Reformation Germany (London: Hambledon Press, 1987);
40. Scribner, Religion and Culture in Germany (1400-1800), edited by Lyndal Roper (Leiden: Brill, 2001);
41. Scribner, "The Impact of the Reformation on Daily Life," in Mensch und Objekt im Mittelalter und in der Frühen Neuzeit: Leben-Alltag-Kultur (Vienna: Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1990), 315-43;
42. Scribner, "The Reformation and the Religion of the Common People," in Die Reformation in Deutschland und Europa: Interpretationen und Debatten (Gütersloh: Gütersloher Verlagshaus, 1993), 221-41;
43. Scribner, "Elements of Popular Belief," in Handbook of European History 1400-1600: Late Middle Ages, Renaissance and Reformation, edited by Thomas A. Brady, Jr., Heiko A. Oberman, and James D. Tracy, 2 vols. (Leiden: Brill, 1994), 1: 231-55 (not confined to Germany or the late Middle Ages);
44. Scribner, "Das Visuelle in der Volksfrömmigkeit," in Bilder und Bildersturm im Spätmittelalter und in der frühen Neuzeit, edited by Scribner, Wolfenbütteler Forschungen 46 (Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1990), 9-20.
45. Thomas H. Bestul, Texts of the Passion: Latin Devotional Literature and Medieval Society (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1996);
46. James H. Marrow, Passion Iconography in Northern European Art of the Late Middle Ages and Early Renaissance (Kortrijk, Belgium: Van Ghemmert, 1979);
47. Ellen M. Ross, The Grief of God: Images of the Suffering Jesus in Late Medieval England (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997).
48. Heinz Schilling, Konfessionskonflikt und Staatsbildung: Eine Fallstudie über das Verhältnis von religiösem und sozialem Wandel in der Frühneuzeit am Beispiel der Grafschaft Lippe (Gütersloh: Gütersloher Verlagshaus Mohn, 1981)
49. Schilling, Religion, Political Culture, and the Emergence of Early Modern Society: Essays in German and Dutch History (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1992), 205-45;
50. Wolfgang Reinhard, "Gegenreformation als Modernisierung? Prolegomena zu einer Theorie des konfessionellen Zeitalters," Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte 68 (1977), 226-52;
51. "Konfession und Konfessionalisierung in Deutschland," in Reinhard, ed., Bekenntnis und Geschichte: Die Confessio Augustana im historischen Zusammenhang, Schriften der Philosophischen Fakultäten der Universität Augsburg (Munich: Vogel, 1981), 165-89;
52. Reinhard, "Zwang zur Konfessionalisierung? Prolegomena zu einer Theorie des konfessionellen Zeitalters," Zeitschrift für historische Forschung 10 (1983), 257-77.
53. Thomas A. Brady, Jr., "Confessionalization: The Career of a Concept," in Confessionalization in Europe, 1555-1700: Essays in Honor and Memory of Bodo Nischan, 1-20;
54. Heinz Schilling, "Confessionalization: Historical and Scholarly Perspectives of a Comparative and Interdisciplinary Paradigm," 21-36;
55. Harm Klueting, "Problems of the Term and Concept 'Second Reformation': Memories of a 1980s Debate," 37-49.
56. Philip S. Gorski, The Disciplinary Revolution: Calvinism and the Rise of the State in Early Modern Europe (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003), 114-55.
57. Ute Lotz-Heumann "Confessionalization," in Reformation and Early Modern Europe: A Guide to Research, edited by David M. Whitford (Kirksville: Truman State University Press, 2008), 136-57.
58. Olaf Bernwald, Philipp Melanchthons Sicht der Rhetorik (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1994), 8, 50-56.
59. Joachim Knape, ed., Philipp elanchthons "Rhetorik" (Tübingen: Niemeyer, 1993), 84-85, 139-40.
60. Knape declares in his introduction, "Die Wirkungsgeschichte der 'Thetorik' Melanchthons ist noch nicht geschrieben" (3).
61. Bernd Moeller, "Piety in Germany around 1500," in The Reformation in Medieval Perspective, edited by Steven Ozment (Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1971), 50-75;
62. Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte 56 (1965), 5-30;
63. Ozment, The Reformation in the Cities: The Appeal of Protestantism to Sixteenth-Century Germany and Switzerland (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1975), 9, 21-46.
64. Hamm, "Reformation als normative Zentrierung von Religion and Gesellschaft," Jahrbuch für Biblische Theologie 7 (1992), 241-79.
65. Hamm, Bürgertum und Glaube: Konturen der städtischen Reformation (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1996), 73-76.
66. Hamm, "Wollen und Nicht-Können als Thema der spätmittelalterlichen Buβseelsorge," in Berndt Hamm and Thomas Lentes, eds., Spätmittelalterliche Frömmigkeit zwischen Ideal und Praxis (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2001), 112-46.
67. Brian Patrick McGuire, Jean Gerson and the Last Medieval Reformation (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2005), 145.
68. Catholic Encyclopedia online: www.newadvent.org/cathen/15621b.htm. This location finally confirmed to me Wild's Franciscan identity.
69. Sudhoff, Olevianus und Ursinus, 357-60.
70. An illustration of Sylvanus's beheading may be seen in Bernard H. Bonkhoff, Bild-Atlas zur pfälzischen Kirchengeschichte (Speyer: Schnell & Steiner, 2000), 1: 165.
71. Mit Gott handeln: Von den Zürcher Gotteslästerern der Frühen Neuzeit zu einer Kulturgeschichte des Religiösen (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2002).
72. Chronicle of Higher Education (February 21, 2003), "Getting Emotional"; the on-line version does not provide page numbers.
73. Peter N. Stearns, "Social History Update: Sociology of Emotion," Journal of Social History 22, 3 (1989), 592-99;
74. Cas Wouters, "On Status Competition and Emotion Management," Journal of Social History 24, 4 (1991), 699-717;
75. Dorothée Sturkenboom, "Historicizing the Gender of Emotions: Changing Perceptions in Dutch Enlightenment Thought," Journal of Social History 34, 1 (2000), 55-75.
76. Johann Anselm Steiger, ed., Passion, Affekt und Leidenschaft in der frühen Neuzeit, 2 vols., Wolfenbütteler Arbeiten zur Barockforschung 43 (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2005)
77. Ralf Georg Bogner, "Bewegliche Beredsamkeit, passionierende Poesie. Zur rhetorischen Stimulierung der Affekte in der lutherischen Literarisierung der Leidengeschichte Jesu," 1: 145-67;
78. Johann Anselm Steiger, "Zorn Gottes, Leiden Christi und die Affekte der Passionsbetrachtung bei Luther und im Luthertum des 17. Jahrhunderts," 1: 179-202;
79. Lothar Steiger, "'Meine Seele ist betrübt bis an den Tod.' Gethsemane als geometrischer Ort der Gewiβheit bei Martin Luther und seinen Nachfolgern in der Frühen Neuzeit," 1: 217-50;
80. Hartmut Laufhütte, "Passion Christi bei Sigmund von Birken und Catharina Regina von Greiffenberg," 1: 271-88;
81. Ernst Koch, "Passion und Affekte in der lutherischen Erbauungsliteratur des 17. Jahrhunderts," 2: 509-18.
82. Holly Johnson, "'The hard bed of the cross': Good Friday Preaching and the Seven Deadly Sins," in The Seven Deadly Sins: From Communities to Individuals, edited by Richard Newhauser (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 2007), 129-44.
83. Gerhard Oestreich, Geist und Gestalt des frühmodernen Staates (Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 1969)
84. Neostoicism and the Early Modern State, translated by David McLintock, edited by Brigitte Oestreich and Helmut G. Koenigsberger (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982);
85. "'Police' and Prudentia civilis in the Seventeenth Century," 155-65.
86. Ralf Georg Bogner, Die Bezähmung der Zunge: Literatur und Disziplinierung der Alltagskommunikation in der frühen Neuzeit, Frühe Neuzeit 31 (Tübingen: Max Niemeyer, 1997).
87. Norbert Haag, Predigt und Gesellschaft: Die Lutherische Orthodoxie in Ulm, 1640-1740 (Mainz: Philipp von Zabern, 1992).
88. Barbara H. Rosenwein, ed., Anger's Past: The Social Uses of an Emotion in the Middle Ages (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1998).
89. Norbert Elias, Power and Civility, vol. 2, The Civilizing Process, translated by Edmund Jephcott (New York: Pantheon Books, 1982), 291. I was unable to locate this passage in the German.
90. Albert O. Hirschman, The Passions and the Interests: Political Arguments for Capitalism before Its Triumph (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1977);
91. Hirschmann, Leidenschaften, 55.
92. William M. Reddy, The Navigation of Feeling: A Framework for the History of Emotions (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001), esp. part 2, 141-256.
93. Todd W. Reeser, Moderating Masculinity in Early Modern Culture (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2006), esp. the introduction, 1-48, in which women recur as the opposite of moderation.
94. Heinz Schilling, Konfessionskonflikt und Staatsbildung: Eine Fallstudie über das Verhältnis von religiösem und sozialem Wandel in der Frühneuzeit am Beispiel der Grafschaft Lippe (Gütersloh: Gütersloher Verlagshaus Mohn, 1981)
95. Schilling, Religion, Political Culture, and the Emergence of Early Modern Society: Essays in German and Dutch History (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1992), 205-45;
96. Wolfgang Reinhard, "Gegenreformation als Modernisierung? Prolegomena zu einer Theorie des konfessionellen Zeitalters," Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte 68 (1977), 226-52;
97. "Konfession und Konfessionalisierung in Deutschland," in Reinhard, ed., Bekenntnis und Geschichte: Die Confessio Augustana im historischen Zusammenhang, Schriften der Philosophischen Fakultäten der Universität Augsburg (Munich: Vogel, 1981), 165-89;
98. Reinhard, "Zwang zur Konfessionalisierung? Prolegomena zu einer Theorie des konfessionellen Zeitalters," Zeitschrift für historische Forschung 10 (1983), 257-77.
99. Thomas A. Brady, Jr., "Confessionalization: The Career of a Concept," in Confessionalization in Europe, 1555-1700: Essays in Honor and Memory of Bodo Nischan, 1-20;
100. Heinz Schilling, "Confessionalization: Historical and Scholarly Perspectives of a Comparative and Interdisciplinary Paradigm," 21-36;
101. Harm Klueting, "Problems of the Term and Concept 'Second Reformation': Memories of a 1980s Debate," 37-49.
102. Philip S. Gorski, The Disciplinary Revolution: Calvinism and the Rise of the State in Early Modern Europe (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003), 114-55.
103. "Confessionalization," in Reformation and Early Modern Europe: A Guide to Research, edited by David M. Whitford (Kirksville: Truman State University Press, 2008), 136-57.
104. John Corrigan, The Business of the Heart: Religion and Emotion in the Nineteenth Century (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002);
105. Corrigan, Religion and Emotion: Approaches and Interpretations (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004).
106. Nico H. Frijda and Batja Mesquita, "Beliefs through Emotions," in Emotions and Beliefs: How Feelings Influence Thoughts, edited by Nico H. Frijda, Antony S. R. Manstead, and Sacha Bem (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), 45-77;
107. Nico H. Frijda, Batja Mesquita, J. Sonnemans, and S. Van Goozen, "The Duration of Affective Phenomena, or Emotions, Sentiments and Passions," in International Review of Emotion and Motivation, edited by K. Strongman (New York: Wiley, 1991), 187-225.
108. Axel Hübler, The Expressivity of Grammar: Grammatical Devices Expressing Emotion across Time (Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 1998), for example, 10-14 on contextualization.
109. Cheshire Calhoun and Robert C. Solomon, eds., What Is an Emotion? Classic Readings in Philosophical Psychology (New York: Oxford University Press, 1984), 42.
110. W. W. Fortenbaugh, Aristotle on Emotion: A Contribution to Philosophical Psychology, Rhetoric, Poetics, Politics, and Ethics (London: Duckworth, 1975), 9.
111. Günter Bäder, Symbolik des Todes Jesu (Tübingen: J.C.B. Mohr [Paul Siebeck], 1988), esp. 60.
112. Deutsche Geschichte im Zeitalter der Reformation, vol. 1, edited by Paul Joachimsen (reprinted Meersburg: F. W. Hendel, 1933), 136-38.
113. Consider, too, Jean Delumeau's contention that only with the Reformation was true Christianity attained: Catholicism between Luther and Voltaire: A New View of the Counter-Reformation (London: Burns and Oates, 1977).
114. Bernd Moeller, "Piety in Germany around 1500," in The Reformation in Medieval Perspective, edited by Steven Ozment (Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1971), 50-75;
115. Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte 56 (1965), 5-30;
116. Ozment, The Reformation in the Cities: The Appeal of Protestantism to Sixteenth-Century Germany and Switzerland (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1975), 9, 21-46.
117. Jo Ann Kay McNamara, Sisters in Arms: Catholic Nuns through Two Millennia (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1996), 506-25.
118. See Brian Ogren's online summary and bibliography at www.ul.ed/~philos/vol8/aristotle.html.
119. Peter Burke, Eyewitnessing: The Uses of Images as Historical Evidence (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2001).
120. Jeffrey Chipps Smith, Sensuous Worship: Jesuits and the Art of the Early Catholic Reformation in Germany (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2002).
121. Evonne Anita Levy, Propaganda and the Jesuit Baroque (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004), which covers more than the German-speaking lands.
122. Alun Munslow, The New History (Harlow, Eng.: Pearson Longman, 2003), 1-2.
123. Erasmus, Ten Colloquies, edited by Craig R. Thompson (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1957), 92-112.
124. Tympius, Catholische Leichpredigten, ser. 5, 66.
125. Austra Reinis, Reforming the Art of Dying: The quot;ars moriendi" in the German Reformation (1519-1528) (Aldershot, Hants.: Ashgate, 2007) as a survey of the departure from late-medieval Catholic treatment of death in the first decade of the Lutheran Reformation.
126. J. Spangenberg, New Trostbüchlin, fol. Bvii (verso).
127. Friedrich Wilhelm Bodemann, ed., Martin Moller's [sic] Handbüchlein zur rechten Todesbereitung, das ist Heilsame Betrachtung, wie ein Mensch christlich leben und selig sterben soll (Neu-Ruppin: Alfred Oehmigke, 1863).
128. Bodemann, Martin Moller's Handbüchlein, 14.
129. Bodemann, Martin Moller's Handbüchlein, 17.
130. Bodemann, Martin Moller's Handbüchlein, 21.
131. Bodemann, Martin Moller's Handbüchlein, 118; 1673 edition, 272.
132. Huber, Predigt, Von vberwindung des Todes (Mühlhausen: Andreas Hantzsch [1595]), fol. Bv (recto).
133. Paul Münch, Zucht und Ordnung: Reformierte Kirchenverfassung im 16. und 17. Jahrhundert (Nassau-Dillenburg, Kurpfalz, Hessen-Kassel) (Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta, 1978).
134. Ursula Rohner-Baumberger von Rebstein, Begräbniswesen im calvinistischen Genf (Basel: Stehlin, 1975);
135. Friedemann Merkel, "Der Umgang mit Toten und Trauernden als Thema evangelischer Theologie und Kirchlicher Praxis," in Der Umgang mit den Toten: Tod und Bestattung in der christlichen Gemeinde, edited by Klemens Richter (Freiburg/Br.: Herder, 1990), 48-62, here at 50.
136. Willing, Vierzehen Predigten Von gewisser bewerung vnd artzney, wider allen schrecken, gefar, vnd schaden, der schnelhinreissenden Pestilentz, vnd dergleichen plagen, auch des leiblichen thodes (Heidelberg: Johann Mayer, 1564).
137. There is an old biography of Tossanus: Friedrich Wilhelm Cuno, Daniel Tossanus der Ältere, Professor der Theologie und Pastor (1541-1602), 2 vols. (Amsterdam: Scheffer, 1898).
138. Max Engammare, L'ordre du temps: L'invention de la ponctualité au XVIe siècle (Geneva: Droz, 2004), 128-29, on the day of death as the "day of birth."
139. Spindler, Passio, ser. 2, 18.
140. Susan C. Karant-Nunn, "'They have highly offended the community of God': Pastoral Identity and Rituals of Ecclesiastical Discipline in Late Sixteenth- and Seventeenth-Century German Parishes," in festschrift for James D. Tracy, From the Middle Ages to Modernity: Individual and Community in the Early Modern World, edited by Charles H. Parker and Jerry H. Bentley (London: Rowman and Littlefield, 2006), 211-29.
141. Trembinski, "[Pro]passio Doloris: Early Dominican Conceptions of Christ's Physical Pain," Journal of Ecclesiastical History 59, 4 (2008), 630-56.
142. Thomas L. Amos, Eugene A. Green, and Beverly Mayne Kienzle, eds., De ore Domini: Preacher and Word in the Middle Ages (Kalamazoo: Medieval Institute Publications, 1989);
143. Rudolf Cruel, Geschichte der deutschen Predigt im Mittelalter (Hildesheim: Georg Olms, 1966);
144. Jacqueline Hamesse, Beverly Mayne Kienzle, Debra L. Stoudt, and Anne T. Thayer, eds., Medieval Sermons and Society: Cloister, City, University (Louvain-la-Neuve: Fédération Internationale des Institutes d'Études Médiévales, 1998);
145. Jean-Claude Schmitt, ed., Prêcher d'exemples: Récits de prédicateurs du moyen âge (Paris: Éditions Stock, 1985).
146. Ulrich Montag, Das Werk der heiligen Birgitta von Schweden in oberdeutscher Überlieferung, Münchner Texte und Untersuchungen zur deutschen Literatur des Mittelalters 18 (Munich: C. H. Beck, 1968);
147. Sven Stolpe, Die Offenbarungen der heiligen Birgitta von Schweden (Frankfurt/ Main: Joseph Knecht, 1961).
148. Marrow, Passion Iconography in North European Art in the Late Middle Ages and Early Renaissance (Kortrijk, Belgium: Van Ghemmert, 1979);
149. Bestul, Texts of the Passion: Latin Devotional Literature and Medieval Society (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1996).
150. Brian Patrick McGuire, Jean Gerson and the Last Medieval Reformation (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2005), 145.
151. O'Malley, Trent and All That: Renaming Catholicism in the Early Modern Era (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2000).
152. See the Catholic Encyclopedia online: www.newadvent.org/cathen/15621b.htm. This location finally confirmed to me Wild's Franciscan identity.
153. Wild, Sacrosancta Passionis, 39-40.
154. The Catholic Encyclopedia, vol. 6 (New York: Robert Appleton, 1909); I used it online, n.p.
155. "At Lent, a Most Powerful Rendering of the 14 Stations," New York Times (1 March 2008), B11.
156. Feucht, Christliche Wallfahrt, 2.
157. Louis Châtellier, The Europe of the Devout: The Catholic Reformation and the Formation of a New Society, translated by Jean Birrell (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989; French original, Paris 1987);
158. Châtellier, The Religion of the Poor: Rural Missions in Europe and the Formation of Modern Catholicism, c. 1500-c. 1800 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997).
159. George Huppert, Public Schools in Renaissance France (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1984), 104-15
160. Dominik Sieber, Jesuitische Missionierung, priesterliche Liebe, sakramentale Magie: Volkskulturen in Luzern 1563-1614 (Basel: Schwabe, 2005).
161. Rüdiger Funiok, ed., Ignatius von Loyola und die Pädagogik der Jesuiten: Ein Modell für Schule und Persönlichkeitsbildung (Donauwörth: Auer, 2000);
162. Rolf Selbmann, Vom Jesuitenkolleg zum humanistischen Gymnasium, Beiträge zur Geschichte des Deutschunterrichts 26 (Frankfurt/Main: Peter Lang, 1996);
163. Barbara Bauer, Jesuitische "ars rhetorica" im Zeitalter der Glaubenskämpfe, Mikrokosmos, Beiträge zur Literaturwissenschaft und Bedeutungsforschung 18 (Frankfurt/Main: Peter Lang, 1986), 134, on the goal of moving students' feelings.
164. Carl M. Haas, Das Theater der Jesuiten in Ingolstadt: Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des geistlichen Theaters in Süddeutschland, Schaubühne 51 (Emsdetten: n. p., 1958), 16.
165. Elfriede Moser-Rath, ed., Predigtmärlein der Barockzeit: Exempel, Sage, Schwank und Fabel in geistlichen Quellen des oberdeutschen Raumes (Berlin: de Gruyter, 1964), 69, n. 246.
166. Peter-Paul Lenhard, Religiöse Weltanschauung und Didaktik im Jesuitendrama: Interpretationen zu den Schauspielen Jacob Bidermanns (Frankfurt/Main: Peter Lang; Bern: Herbert Lang, 1978), 437-60.
167. John M. Headley, "Borromean Reform in the Empire? La Strada Rigorosa of Giovanni Francesco Bonomi," in San Carlo Borromeo: Catholic Reform and Ecclesiastical Politics in the Second Half of the Sixteenth Century, edited by John M. Headley and John B. Tomaro (Washington, D.C.: Folger Shakespeare Library, 1988), 228-49. See esp. 241-44.
168. Jeffrey Chipps Smith, Sensuous Worship: Jesuits and the Art of the Early Catholic Reformation in Germany (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2002);
169. Evonne Levy, Propaganda and the Jesuit Baroque (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004);
170. Luce Giard and Louis de Vaucelles, eds., Les Jésuites à l'âge baroque, 1540-1640 (Grenoble: Millon, 1996).
171. Haid, Leben und Wirken, 45, 66, 83.
172. Canisius, Homilien oder Bemerkungen über die evangelischen Lesungen, welche das ganze Jahr hindurch an Sonn- und Festtagen in der Katholischen Kirche treffen, 2 vols. (Augsburg: Karl Kollmann'schen Buchhandlung, 1845-1847), vol. 1, pt. 2
173. "Am sechsten Tag der Charwoche," 127.
174. Canisius, Lectiones et Precationes Ecclesiasticae (Ingolstadt: Alexander & Samuel Weissenhorn, 1556), fol. 132 (verso).
175. Georg Scherer, Auβlegung der Fest- vnd Feyr-täglichen Euangelien durch das gantze Jar, Sambt Auβführlicher Erklärung der Historien vom Leyden vnd Sterben Christi ... (Munich: Nicolaus Henricus, 1608), 297.
176. Jacob Bidermann, Cenodoxus, edited and translated by D. G. Dyer, Bilingual Library 9 (Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh Press, 1975), 16.
177. Kisel, Siebenfältig, 207.
178. Hillard von Thiessen, Die Kapuziner zwischen Konfessionalisierung und Alltagskultur: Vergleichende Fallstudie am Beispiel Freiburgs und Hildesheims 1599-1750 (Freiburg/Br.: Rombach, 2002), 62.
179. Bernardinus a Colpetrazzo, Historia ordinis fratrum minorum Capuccinorum (1525-1593), vol. 1, Praecipue nascentis ordinis eventus, edited by Melchior a Pobladura (Assisi: Collegio S. Lorenzo da Brindisi dei Minori Cappuccini, 1939).
180. Arsenio d'Ascoli, La Predicazione dei Cappuccini nel Cinquecento in Italia, Studio Teologico Lauretano dei Frati Minori Cappuccini 2 (Loreta/Ancona: Libreria S. Francesco d'Assisi, 1956);
181. Vincenzo Criscuolo, ed., I Cappuccini nell'Umbria del Cinquecento 1525-1619, Bibliotheca Seraphico-Capuccina 62 (Rome: Instituto storico dei Cappuccini, 2001).
182. D'Ascoli, La Predicazione, 55.
183. Eberhard Mossmaier, Die Kapuziner in Mainz 1618-1802 (Mainz: Kapuziner-Kloster Mainz, 1953), quoted without documentation, 31.
184. Franz M. Eybl, Gebrauchsfunktionen barocker Predigtliteratur: Studien zur katholischen Predigtsammlung am Beispiel lateinischer und deutscher Übersetzungen des Pierre de Besse (Vienna: W. Braumüller, 1982), 44.
185. von Mehr, Predigtwesen, 39-47.
186. D'Ascoli, La Predicazione, 419.
187. Von Mehr, Predigtwesen, 35.
188. Mossmaier, Die Kapuziner, 12, 14.
189. Von Thiessen, Kapuziner, 73.
190. Arsenio Theobald Jacobs, Die Rheinischen Kapuziner 1611-1725: Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der katholischen Reform (Münster/Westphalia: Aschendorffschen Buchdruckerei, 1933), 115-16.
191. Rosetum dolorosum Centifoliatum: Schmertzhaffter Rosen=Bart von hundert Blättigen Rosen, Das seynd Hundert ... Predigen von dem Bitteren Leyden und Sterben JESU Christi ... (Passau: Rudolph Wege, 1694).
192. Donatus von Passau, Rosetum dolorosum, ser. 3, 29-30.
193. M. Heyret, ed., P. Marcus von Aviano, O. M. Cap. (1631-1699): Einführung in seine Korrespondenz, 2 vols. (Munich: Josef Kösel & Friedrich Pustet, 1937, 1938), 1: 274-75.
194. Erich Feigl, Halbmond und Kreuz: Marco d'Aviano und die Rettung Europeas (Vienna: Amalthea, 1993), 70.
195. Martin von Cochem, Der groβe Myrrhengarten des bittern Leidens (Paderborn: Ferdinand Schöningh, 1912).
196. Martin Persch, "Martin von Cochem," Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon, cols. 947-948, online edition, 222.bautz.de/bbkl, consulted 6 April 2007, n.p.
197. Von Cochem, Der groβe Myrrhengarten, Gärtlein 7, 251.
198. Johann Huizinga, The Autumn of the Middle Ages, translated by Rodney J. Payton and Ulrich Mammitzsch (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996), 339-40.
199. Matthias Zender, ed., Atlas der deutschen Volkskunde (orig. 1937-1939);
200. Neue Folge, Atlas der deutschen Volkskunde: Auf Grund der von 1929 bis 1935 durchgeführten Sammlungen ... 6 vols. (Marburg: N. G. Elwert, 1958-1985).
201. William G. Naphy, "Church Riots and Social Unrest in Calvin's Geneva," Sixteenth Century Journal 26, 1 (1995), 87-98.
202. Wolfgang Brückner, Volkserzählung und Reformation: Ein Handbuch zur Tradierung und Funktion von Erzählstoffen und Erzählliteratur im Protestantismus (Berlin: E. Schmidt, 1974).
203. Bodo Nischan, Prince, People, and Confession: The Second Reformation in Brandenburg (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1994).
204. Thomas A. Lambert and Isabella M. Watt, eds., Registers of the Consistory of Geneva in the Time of Calvin, vol. 1, 1542-1544, translated by M. Wallace McDonald (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2000).
205. Lucien Febvre, The Problem of Unbelief in the Sixteenth Century, the Religion of Rabelais, translated by Beatrice Gottlieb (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1982).
206. Compendium breve de bone valitudinis cura qd' & regimen sanitatis atque dieta poterit nuncupari ... (n.p.: n.p., 1510).
207. Die Bruderschafft sancte Ursule (Nuremberg: self-published, 1513).
208. Der beschlossen gart des rosenkrantz marie (Nuremberg: selfpublished, 1505).
209. Speculum passionis domini nostril Ihesu Christi (Nuremberg: selfpublished, 1507);
210. Peter Maurice Daly, Dichtung und Emblematik bei Catharina Regina von Greiffenberg (Bonn: Bouvier Verlag Herbert Grundmann, 1976);
211. Daly, Die Metaphorik in den "Sonetten" der Catharina Regina von Greiffenberg (Zurich: Juris Verlag, 1964);
212. Kathleen Foley-Beining, The Body and Eucharistic Devotion in Catharina Regina von Greiffenberg's "Meditations" (Columbia, S.C.: Camden House, 1997);
213. Flora Graham Kimmich, Sonnets of Catharina von Greiffenberg: Methods of Composition (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1975);
214. Ruth Liwerski, Das Wörterwerk der Catharina Regina von Greiffenberg, 2 vols., Berner Beiträge zur Barockgermanistik 1 (Berne: Peter Lang, 1978);
215. Elisabeth Bartsch Siekhaus, Die lyrischen Sonette der Catharina Regina von Greiffenberg, Berner Beiträge zur Barockgermanistik 4 (Berne: Peter Lang, 1983).
216. Peter Starenko, "In Luther's Wake: Duke John Frederick II of Saxony, Angelic Prophecy, and the Gotha Rebellion of 1567," Ph.D. dissertation in history, University of California, Berkeley, 2002;
217. Susan C. Karant-Nunn, "Popular Culture as Religious Dissent in the Post-Reformation Era," in Radikalität und Dissent im 16. Jahrhundert, edited by Hans-Jürgen Goertz and James M. Stayer, Zeitschrift für historische Forschung 27 (Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 2002), 189-202, on the peasant prophetess Anna Hillig, 199-200.
218. Lyndal Roper, Witch Craze: Terror and Fantasy in Baroque Germany (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004).
219. Manfred Hannemann, The Diffusion of the Reformation in Southwestern Germany, 1518-1534 (Chicago: University of Chicago Department of Geography, 1975);
220. Bernd Moeller, "Was wurde in der Frühzeit der Reformation in deutschen Städten gepredigt?" Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte 75 (1984), 176-93;
221. my reply, "What Was Preached in German Cities in the Early Years of the Reformation? Wildwuchs versus Lutheran Unity," in The Process of Change in Early Modern Europe: Essays in Honor of Miriam Usher Chrisman, edited by Phillip N. Bebb and Sherrin Marshall (Athens: Ohio University Press, 1988), 81-96.
222. Blickle, Die Revolution von 1525 (Munich and Vienna: R. Oldenbourg, 1977);
223. Deutsche Untertanen: Ein Widerspruch (Munich: C. H. Beck, 1981);
224. Gemeindereformation: Die Menschen des 16. Jahrhunderts auf dem Weg zum Heil (Munich: Oldenbourg, 1985);
225. From the Communal Reformation to the Revolution of the Common Man, translated by Beat Kümin (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1998).
226. Christopher Ocker, Church Robbers and Reformers in Germany, 1525-1547: Confiscation and Religious Purpose in the Holy Roman Empire, Studies in Medieval and Reformation Traditions 114 (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 2006).
227. As an introduction, see the essays of Gerhard Oestreich collected in Neostoicism and the Early Modern State, edited by Brigitta Oestreich and H. G. Koenigsberger, translated by David McLintock (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981);
228. Oestrich, Antiker Geist und moderner Staat bei Justus Lipsius (1547-1606): Der Neostoizismus als politische Bewegung, edited by Nicolette Mout (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1989).
229. Karant-Nunn, "Catholic Intensity in Post-Reformation Germany," on Mel Gibson's movie, 395-96.
230. Carolyn Walker Bynum, Jesus as Mother: Studies in the Spirituality of the High Middle Ages (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982), esp. 3-21, 77-81, 105-9, 129-35;
231. chap. 4, "Jesus as Mother and Abbot as Mother: Some Themes in Twelfth-Century Cistercian Writing," 110-69;
232. André Wilmart, Auteurs spirituels et texts dévots du moyen âge latin: Études d'histoire littèraire (Paris: Bloud et Gay, 1932);
233. Louis Gougaud, Devotional and Ascetic Practices in the Middle Ages (London: Burns, Oates and Washbourne, 1927);
234. Marie Dominique Chenu, La théologie au douzième siècle, Études de philosophie médiévale 45 (Paris: J. Vrin, 1957);
235. André Vauchez, La spiritualité au moyen âge occidental: VIIIe-XIIe siècles (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1975).
236. A. R. Radcliffe-Brown, The Andaman Islanders (New York: Free Press, 1964);
237. Peter Metcalf and Richard Huntington, The Celebration of Death: The Anthropology of Mortuary Ritual (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991).
238. Maurice Bloch "The Ritual of the Royal Bath," in Rituals of Royalty: Power and Ceremonial in Traditional Societies, edited by David Cannadine and Simon Price (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987), 271-97;
239. Catherine Bell, Ritual Theory, Ritual Practice (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992), esp. chap. 9, "The Power of Ritualization, 197-223.
240. Miri Rubin, Corpus Christi: The Eucharist in Late Medieval Culture (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991);
241. Peter Browe, Die Verehrung der Eucharistie im Mittelalter (Munich: M. Hueber, 1933);
242. Browe, Die eucharistischen Wunder des Mittelalters (Breslau: Müller und Seifert, 1938).
243. Anne Derbes, Picturing the Passion in Late Medieval Italy: Narrative Painting, Franciscan Ideologies, and the Levant (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996).
244. Caroline Walker Bynum, Holy Feast and Holy Fast (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987), esp. 219-76.
245. Rudolph Bell, Holy Anorexia (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1985).
246. Caroline Walker Bynum, "The Female Body and Religious Practice in the Later Middle Ages," in Bynum, Fragmentation and Redemption: Essays on Gender and the Human Body in Medieval Religion (New York: Zone Books, 1992), 181-238, here at 186.
247. Eamon Duffy, "Devotion to the Crucifix on the Eve of the Reformation," in Bilder and Bildersturm im Spätmittelalter und in der frühen Neuzeit, edited by Bob Scribner, Wolfenbütteler Forschungen 46 (Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1990), 21-36.
248. Bynum, Jesus as Mother, 108.
249. Charles Trinkaus, In Our Image and Likeness: Humanity and Divinity in Italian Humanist Thought, 2 vols. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1970);
250. Giles Constable, "Twelfth-Century Spirituality and the Late Middle Ages," in Medieval and Renaissance Studies 5: Proceedings of the Southern Institute of Medieval and Renaissance Studies, Summer 1969 (1971), 27-60;
251. Constable, Religious Life and Thought (11th-12th Centuries), 2 vols. (London: Variorum Reprints, 1979).
252. Charles Zika, "Hosts, Processions and Pilgrimages in Fifteenth-Century Germany," Past and Present 118 (1988), 25-64;
253. Eamon Duffy, The Stripping of the Altars: Traditional Religion in England 1400-1580 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992), 11, here apropos of late-medieval observance, esp. 11-52 and 231-65;
254. Duffy, "Devotion to the Crucifix," 21-36.
255. Bernd Moeller, "Piety in Germany around 1500," translated by Joyce Irwin, in The Reformation in Medieval Perspective, edited by Steven Ozment (Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1971), 50-75;
256. Robert Scribner, Popular Culture and Popular Movements in Reformation Germany (London: Hambledon Press, 1987);
257. Scribner, Religion and Culture in Germany (1400-1800), edited by Lyndal Roper (Leiden: Brill, 2001);
258. Scribner, "The Impact of the Reformation on Daily Life," in Mensch und Objekt im Mittelalter und in der Frühen Neuzeit: Leben-Alltag-Kultur (Vienna: Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1990), 315-43;
259. Scribner, "The Reformation and the Religion of the Common People," in Die Reformation in Deutschland und Europa: Interpretationen und Debatten (Gütersloh: Gütersloher Verlagshaus, 1993), 221-41;
260. Scribner, "Elements of Popular Belief," in Handbook of European History 1400-1600: Late Middle Ages, Renaissance and Reformation, edited by Thomas A. Brady, Jr., Heiko A. Oberman, and James D. Tracy, 2 vols. (Leiden: Brill, 1994), 1: 231-55 (not confined to Germany or the late Middle Ages);
261. Scribner, "Das Visuelle in der Volksfrömmigkeit," in Bilder und Bildersturm im Spätmittelalter und in der frühen Neuzeit, edited by Scribner, Wolfenbütteler Forschungen 46 (Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1990), 9-20.
262. Thomas H. Bestul, Texts of the Passion: Latin Devotional Literature and Medieval Society (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1996);
263. James H. Marrow, Passion Iconography in Northern European Art of the Late Middle Ages and Early Renaissance (Kortrijk, Belgium: Van Ghemmert, 1979);
264. Ellen M. Ross, The Grief of God: Images of the Suffering Jesus in Late Medieval England (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997).
265. Carlos M. N. Eire, War against the Idols: The Reformation of Worship from Erasmus to Calvin (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986);
266. Scribner, ed., Bilder und Bildersturm im Spätmittelalter und in der frühen Neuzeit;
267. Lee Palmer Wandel, Voracious Idols and Violent Hands: Iconoclasm in Reformation Zurich, Strasbourg, and Basel (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995);
268. Norbert Schnitzler, "Bilderstürmer- Aufrührer oder Blasphemiker?" in Ordnung und Aufruhr im Mittelalter: Historische und juristische Studien zur Rebellion, edited by Marie Theres Fögen (Frankfurt/Main: V. Klostermann, 1995), 195-215.
269. Joseph Leo Koerner, The Reformation of the Image (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005), 282-307.
270. R. W. Scribner, For the Sake of Simple Folk: Popular Propaganda for the German Reformation (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981).
271. F.W.H. Hollstein, German Engravings, Etchings, and Woodcuts, ca. 1400-1700, vol. 31, edited by Tilman Falk (Roosendaal, Netherlands: Koningklijke van Poll, 1991), 247.
272. Ozment, The Reformation in the Cities, 9.
273. Bruce Gordon, Clerical Discipline and the Rural Reformation: The Synod in Zurich, 1532-1580 (Bern: Peter Lang, 1992);
274. Amy Nelson Burnett, Teaching the Reformation: Ministers and Their Message in Basel, 1529-1629 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006), 24-43, on the pastors' education.
275. Fritz Büsser, Die Prophezei: Humanismus und Reformation in Zürich, Zürcher Beiträge zur Reformationsgeschichte 17 (Bern: Peter Lang, 1994)
276. Hermann J. Selderhuis, "Predigterausbildung in den Niederlanden," in Erziehung und Schulwesen zwischen Konfessionalisierung und Säkularisierung, edited by Heinz Schilling and Stefan Ehrenpreis (Münster/Westphalia: Waxmann, 2004), 175-85.
277. Bruce Tolley, Pastors and Parishioners in Württemberg during the Late Reformation, 1581-1621 (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1995), 24-43.
278. Harry Caplan, Mediaeval Artes Praedicandi: A Hand-List (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1934);
279. Caplan, Mediaeval Artes Praedicandi: A Supplementary Hand-List (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1936);
280. Th.-M. Charland, Artes Praedicandi (Paris: Vrin; and Ottawa: Institut d'Études Médiévales, 1936);
281. Harry Caplan and Henry H. King, "Latin Tractates on Preaching: A Book-List," Harvard Theological Review 42, 3 (1949), 185-206.
282. Dorothea Roth, Die mittelalterliche Predigttheorie und das Manuale Curatorum des Johann Ulrich Surgant, Basler Beiträge zur Geschichtswissenschaft 58 (Basle: Helbing & Lichtenhahn, 1956).
283. Peter A. Dykema, "Handbooks for Pastors: Late Medieval Manuals for Parish Priests and Conrad Port's Pastorale Lutheri (1582)," in Continuity and Change: The Harvest of Late Medieval and Reformation History, edited by Robert J. Bast and Andrew C. Gow (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 2000), 143-62.
284. Martin Schian, "Welches ist die Bedeutung des Andreas Hyperius für die Wissenschcaft der Homiletik ..." (n.p.: n.p., 1896), 12-14.
285. Norbert Haag, Predigt und Gesellschaft: Die lutherische Orthodoxie in Ulm 1640-1740 (Mainz: Philipp von Zabern, 1992);
286. Sabine Holtz, Theologie und Alltag: Lehre und Leben in den Predigten der Tübinger Theologen 1550-1750 (Tübingen: Mohr, 1993).
287. Franz Posset, "Preaching the Passion of Christ on the Eve of the Reformation," Concordia Theological Quarterly 59, 4 (1995), 279-300.
288. Johann von Staupitz, Salzburger Predigten 1512: Eine textkritische Edition, edited by Wolfram Schneider-Lastin (Tübingen: Neuphilologische Fakultät, 1990).
289. Evangelisches Kirchen-Gesangbuch (Berlin: Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, 1968), 76-77
290. Chorale, "Christ lag in Todesbanden," words by Martin Luther (1524).
291. James M. Estes, Godly Magistrates and Church Order: Johannes Brenz and the Establishment of the Lutheran Territorial Church in Germany, 1524-1559 (Toronto: Centre for Reformation and Renaissance Studies, 2001);
292. Isabella Fehle, ed., Johannes Brenz 1499-1570: Prediger--Reformator-- Politiker (Schwäbisch-Hall: Hällisch-Fränkisches Museum, 1999).
293. Johannes Spangenberg, Die historia Vom Leiden vnd sterben, vnsers HERRN Jhesu Christi (Halle: Hans Frischmut, 1543).
294. Robert J. Christman, "Heretics in Luther's Homeland: The Controversy over Original Sin in Late Sixteenth-Century Mansfeld," Ph.D. dissertation in history, University of Arizona, 2004.
295. Nicolaus Selnecker, Passio: Das Leiden vnd Sterben vnsers HErrn Jesu Christi, nach den vier Euangelisten ... (Wittenberg: Clemens Schleich and Antonius Schöne, 1577).
296. Habermann, Postille, Das ist, Auslegung vber die Sontags Euangelia, von Aduent bis auff Ostern, Sampt den Passion predigten (Wittenberg: Georg Müller, 1591), fol. 292.
297. Joan Cadden, Meanings of Sex Difference in the Middle Ages: Medicine, Science, and Culture (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993), esp. chap. 4
298. "Feminine and Masculine Types," 169-227.
299. Marina Warner, Alone of All Her Sex: The Myth and Cult of the Virgin Mary (New York: Knopf, 1976), 206-23.
300. Martina Wehrli-Johns, "Haushälterin Gottes: Zur Mariennachfolge der Beginen," in Maria, Abbild oder Vorbild? Zur Sozialgeschichte mittelalterlicher Marienverehrung, edited by Hedwig Röckelein, Claudia Opitz, and Dieter R. Bauer (Tubingen: Edition Diskord, 1990), 147-67.
301. Marina Warner, "Blood and Tears," New Yorker (April 8, 1996), 63-69.
302. Thomas H. Bestul, Texts of the Passion: Latin Devotional Literature and Medieval Society (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1996), 111-44.
303. Donna Spivey Ellington, "Impassioned Mother or Passive Icon: The Virgin's Role in Late Medieval and Early Modern Passion Sermons," Renaissance Quarterly 48, 2 (1995), 227-61.
304. Caroline Walker Bynum, Jesus as Mother: Studies in the Spirituality of the High Middle Ages (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982), 110-69.
305. Donald Weinstein and Rudolph M. Bell, Saints and Society: The Two Worlds of Western Christendom (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1982), 220-38
306. Ariès, Centuries of Childhood: A Social History of Family Life (New York: Knopf, 1962).
307. Elfriede Moser-Rath, "Familienleben im Spiegel der Barockpredigt," in Predigt und soziale Wirklichkeit: Beiträge zur Erforschung der Predigtliteratur, edited by Werner Welzig, Daphnis, vol. 10, part 1 (Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1981), 47-65, here at 60-61.
308. Shulamith Shahar, Childhood in the Middle Ages (London: Routledge, 1992), 1-7;
309. Barbara A. Hanawalt, Growing up in Medieval London: The Experience of Childhood in History (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993), 5-13;
310. Nicholas Orme, Medieval Children (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2001), 3-10.
311. Johannes Gerson, Betrachtungen über das Leiden und Sterben unsers Herrn Jesu Christi (Passau: A. Ambrosi, 1840), 20-21.
312. Paul Wann, Die Passion des Herrn (Passauer Passionale), translated by Franz Xavier Zacher (Augsburg: Dr. Benno Filser Verlag, 1928), at matins, 58.
313. F.W.H. Hollstein, German Engravings, Etchings, and Woodcuts, ca. 1400-1700, vol. 5 (Amsterdam: Menno Hertzberger, n.d. but in the 1950s), 66.
314. Wild, Sacrosancta Passionis Saluatoris nostri Iesu Christi Hystoria, Ex quatuor Euangelistis ... (Mainz: Franciscus Behem, 1555), 458-65, here at 463-64.
315. Franck, Passion, Das Leyden vnnd Sterben vnsers Herren Iesv Christi, auβ den H. vier Euangelisten zusammen gezogen (Ingolstadt: David Sartorius, 1576), fol. 263 (verso).
316. Ulrike Strasser, "The First Form and Grace: Ignatius of Loyola and the Reformation of Masculinity," in Masculinity in the Reformation Era, edited by Scott H. Hendrix and Susan C. Karant-Nunn, Sixteenth Century Essays and Studies (Kirksville, Mo.: Truman State University Press, 2008), 45-70.
317. John W. O'Malley, "Ignatius Loyola," The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Reformation, 4 vols., edited by Hans J. Hillerbrand (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996), 2: 308-309.
318. Martin Mulsow, "Exemplum und Affektenlehre bei Georg Stengel S. J.," Archiv für Kulturgeschichte 2 (1991), 313-50.
319. Canisius, Lectiones et Precationes Ecclesiasticae (Ingolstadt: Alexander & Samuel Weissenhorn, 1556), fol. 132 (verso).
320. Peter Bayley, French Pulpit Oratory 1598-1650: A Study in Themes and Styles ... (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980), 173-78.
321. Beth Kreitzer, Reforming Mary: Changing Images of the Virgin Mary in Lutheran Sermons of the Sixteenth Century, Oxford Studies in Historical Theology (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004).
322. Urbanus Rhegius, Johannes Kymeus, Johannes Bugenhagen, and Martin Luther, Passional Buch: Vom Leiden vnd Aufferstehung vnsers Herrn Jhesu Christi ... (Wittenberg: Georg Rhaw, 1540), ser. 5, fols. xxvi (verso)- xxvii (recto).
323. Huber, Wider Georg Scherers des Jesuiters Bettlermantel, vnd seinen sibenziehen Flecken oder Lappen (Tubingen: Georg Gruppenbach, 1592), fol. ii (recto).
324. Brenz, Passio Vnsers Herren Jesu Christi leyden vnd sterben, nach Hystorischer beschreybung der vier Euangelisten ... (Nuremberg: Johann Daubmann, 1551), ser. 20, fol. Ff iii (recto).
325. Leo Jud, Des lydens Jesu Cristi ... (Zurich: Christoffel Froschouer, 1539), fol. CI (recto).
326. Jane E. Dempsey Douglass, Women, Freedom, and Calvin (Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1985);
327. John L. Thompson, John Calvin and the Daughters of Sarah: Women in Regular and Exceptional Roles in the Exegesis of Calvin, His Predecessors, and His Contemporaries (Geneva: Droz, 1992).
328. Calvin, Plusieurs sermons, 269-70, here at 270.
329. Johannes Calvin, Psalmpredigten, Passions-, Oster- und Pfingstpredigten, Supplementa Calviniana, Sermons inédits 7, edited by Erwin Mülhaupt (Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchener Verlag des Erziehungsvereins, 1981), 167-68.
330. Mylaeus, Postilla, Oder Christliche vnd schrifftliche Auβlegung der Euangelion, so in der Kirchen GOttes auff alle Sontag deβ Jahres ... vorgetragen wird (Heidelberg: Jona Rosen, 1616), ser. 14, 156.
331. Jo Ann McNamara, "The Herrenfrage: The Restructuring of the Gender System, 1050-1150," in Medieval Masculinities: Regarding Men in the Middle Ages, edited by Clare A. Lees (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1994), 3-30.
332. John O'Malley, Trent and All That: Renaming Catholicism in the Early Modern Era (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2000).
333. Kreitzer, Reforming Mary, 133-41, here at 134.
334. Lyndal Roper, Witch Craze: Terror and Fantasy in Baroque Germany (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004).
335. Strasser, "The First Form and Grace," 45-70.
336. Susan C. Karant-Nunn, "'Kinder, Küche, Kirche': Social Ideology in the Sermons of Johannes Mathesius," in Germania Illustrata: Essays on Early Modern Germany, edited by Andrew C. Fix and Karant-Nunn (Kirksville, Mo.: Sixteenth Century Journal Publishers, 1992), 21-40;
337. "Fragrant Wedding Roses: Wedding Sermons and the Formation of Gender in Early Modern Germany," in German History 17, 1 (1999), 25-40.
338. Wagner, Passionale Oder Fvnffzehen Auβerlesene, Andächtige Passion vnd Blütpredigen ... (Freiburg/Br.: Martin Böckler, 1612), 129.
339. Bynum, Fragmentation and Redemption: Essays on Gender and the Human Body in Medieval Religion (New York: Zone Books, 1991), 93-114.
340. Alfred R. Weber, Im Basler Münster 1650, Basler Kosbarkeiten 15 (Basel: Kreis Druck AG Basel, 1994).
341. Karant-Nunn, "The Reformation of Women," in Becoming Visible: Women in European History, 3rd ed., edited by Renate Bridenthal, Susan Mosher Stuard, and Merry E. Wiesner (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1998), 197.
342. Joseph Leo Koerner, The Reformation of the Image (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2004), 289-303.
343. Giuseppi Scavizzi, The Controversy on Images from Calvin to Baronius, Toronto Studies in Religion 14 (New York: Peter Lang, 1992), 205-23.
344. R. W. Scribner, "Anticlericalism and the Reformation in Germany," in Scribner, Popular Culture and Popular Movements in Reformation Germany (London: Hambledon Press, 1987), 243-56;
345. Susan C. Karant-Nunn, "Neoclericalism and Anticlericalism in Saxony, 1555-1675," Journal of Interdisciplinary History 24, 4 (Spring 1994), 615-37.
346. Olivier Millet, Calvin et la dynamique de la parole: Étude de rhétorique réformé (Paris: Slatkine, 1992), 102.
347. Engamarre, "Calvin: A Prophet without a Prophecy," Church History 67, 4 (1998), 643-61.
348. Johannes Calvin, Psalmpredigten, Passions-, Oster- und Pfingstpredigten, Supplementa Calviniana, Sermons inédits 7, edited by by Erwin Mülhaupt (Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchener Verlag des Erziehungsvereins, 1981), foreword by James I. McCord, n.p.
349. Thomas A. Lambert and Isabella M. Watt, eds., Registers of the Consistory of Geneva in the Time of Calvin, vol. 1, 1542-1544, translated by M. Wallace McDonald (Grand Rapids: Eerdmann, 2000).
350. Lambert and Watt, eds., Registres du Consistoire de Genève au temps de Calvin, vol. 1, 1542-1544 (Geneva: Droz, 1996); vol. 2, 1545-1546 (2001); vol. 3, 1547-1548 (2004).
351. Calvin, Psalmpredigten, Sermons inédits 7187.
352. Fabritius, Zwölf Predigten wieder Die Böse Welt, Vnd alle derselben sündliches, vngerechtes, thörichtes vnd eyteles Wesen (Cassel: Jacob Gentsch/Sebald Köhler, 1646), ser. 10, 345.
353. Bossy, "The Mass as a Social Institution," Past and Present 100 (1983), 29-61.
354. Karen E. Spierling, Infant Baptism in Reformation Geneva: The Shaping of a Community, 1536-1564 (Aldershot, Hants.: Ashgate, 2005);
355. Susan C. Karant-Nunn, "'Suffer the Little Children to Come unto Me, and Forbid Them Not': The Social Location of Baptism in Early Modern Germany," in Continuity and Change, the Harvest of Late Medieval and Reformation History: Studies in Honor of Heiko A. Oberman on His Seventieth Birthday, edited by Andrew C. Gow and Robert J. Bast (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 2000), 359-78; on Reformed practice, 367-70.
356. I tell more of this story in "Babies, Baptism, Bodies, Burials, and Bliss: Ghost Stories and Their Rejection in the Late Sixteenth Century," in Tod und Jenseitsvorstellungen in der Schriftkultur der Frühen Neuzeit, edited by Cornelia Niekus Moore and Marion Kobelt-Groch, published by the Herzog August Bibliothek, Wolfenbüttel, Germany (Göttingen: Otto Harrasowitz, 2008), 11-22.
357. Bodo Nischan, "The Exorcism Controversy and Baptism in the Late Reformation," Sixteenth Century Journal 18, 1 (1987), 31-51.
358. William G. Naphy, "Church Riots and Social Unrest in Calvin's Geneva," Sixteenth Century Journal 26, 1 (1995), 87-98.
359. William J. Bouwsma, John Calvin: A Sixteenth-Century Portrait (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988), 49-65.
360. Richard A. Muller, The Unaccommodated Calvin: Studies in the Foundation of a Theological Tradition (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000), 79-96.
361. Johannes Calvin, Psalmpredigten, Passions-, Oster- und Pfingstpredigten, Supplementa Calviniana, Sermons inédits 7, edited by Erwin Mülhaupt (Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchener Verlag des Erziehungsvereins, 1981).
362. Amy Nelson Burnett, The Yoke of Christ: Martin Bucer and Christian Discipline, Sixteenth Century Essays and Studies 26 (Kirksville, Mo.: Sixteenth Century Journal Publishers, 1994).
363. Parker, Calvin's Preaching, 115.
364. "The Stimuli of Exhortations," 114-28.
365. Wilhelm Baum, Edward Cunitz, and Edward Reuss, eds., Ioannis Calvini opera quae supersunt omnia, 59 vols., Corpus reformatorum 29-87 (Brunswick: Schwetschke [Bruhn] 1863-1900), 51: 496A;
366. Andrew Cunningham and Ole Peter Grell, The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse: Religion, War, Famine, and Death in Reformation Europe (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000).
367. Urbanus Rhegius, Johannes Kymeus, Johannes Bugenhagen, and Martin Luther, Passional Buch: Vom Leiden vnd Aufferstehung vnsers Herrn Jhesu Christi ... 2nd ed. (Wittenberg: Georg Rhaw, 1540), Kymeus's ser. 5, xxiii- xxiiii.
368. Olevianus, Fester Grundt, das ist, Die Artickel des alten, waren, vngezweiffelten Christlichen Glaubens (Heidelberg: Michael Schirat, 1567), 25.
369. Found at: www.newadvent.org.
370. Kirstin Valdez Quade, "The Five Wounds," New Yorker (27 July 2009), 60-69, which is strictly fictional.
371. Benjamin Kaplan, Divided by Faith: Religious Conflict and the Practice of Toleration in Early Modern Europe (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2007), 276-93.
372. Melvin P. Unger, "'Ich elender Mensch': Bach on the Soul's Torment," in Johann Anselm Steiger, ed., Passion, Affekt und Leidenschaft in der frühen Neuzeit, 2 vols. (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2005), 2: 543-58.
373. Robert A. Houston, "The Consistory of the Scots Church, Rotterdam: An Aspect of 'Civic Calvinism,' c. 1600-1800," Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte 87 (1996), 362-92;
374. Douglas Catterall, Community without Borders: Scots Migrants and the Changing Face of Power in the Dutch Republic, c. 1600-1700 (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 2004);
375. James D. Tracy, "Begrenzter Dissens: Die rechtliche Stellung nichtcalvinistischer christlicher Gemeinden in Holland, 1572-1591," in Radikalität und Dissent im 16. Jahrhundert, edited by Hans-Jürgen Goertz and James M. Stayer, Zeitschrift für historische Forschung 27 (Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 2002), 221-32;
376. R. Po-chia Hsia and Henk van Nierop, eds., Calvinism and Religious Toleration in the Dutch Golden Age (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002);
377. Philip S. Gorski, The Disciplinary Revolution: Calvinism and the Rise of the State in Early Modern Europe (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003), esp. 39-77.
378. Wierzbicka, Emotions across Languages and Culture: Diversity and Universals (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999), 240.
379. "German 'Cultural Scripts': Public Signs as a Key to Social Attitudes and Cultural Values," Discourse and Society 9, 2 (1998), 241-82.
380. Marina Warner, "Blood and Tears," New Yorker (8 April 1996), 63-69.