메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2011, Pages 1-

Islam and the Blackamerican: Looking toward the Third Resurrection

Author keywords

America; Black Christians; Black religion; Blackamericans; Islam; Muslims; Western Christianity; White supremacy

Indexed keywords


EID: 84922466938     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195180817.001.0001     Document Type: Book
Times cited : (151)

References (199)
  • 12
    • 33845715283 scopus 로고
    • The Conservation of Races
    • ed. H. Brotz (New York: Basic
    • "The Conservation of Races," in Negro Social and Political Thought, 1850-1920, ed. H. Brotz (New York: Basic 1966), 488.
    • (1966) Negro Social and Political Thought, 1850-1920 , pp. 488
  • 13
    • 84922420529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3rd. ed, ed. D. A. Hollinger and C. Capper (New York: Oxford University Press, 2, Wal-zer's essay first appeared in 1990
    • M. Walzer, The American Intellectual Tradition, 3rd. ed., 2 vols., ed. D. A. Hollinger and C. Capper (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997), 2:437-449. Wal-zer's essay first appeared in 1990.
    • (1997) The American Intellectual Tradition , vol.2 , pp. 437-449
    • Walzer, M.1
  • 14
    • 84922436786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What Does It Mean
    • Walzer, "What Does It Mean," 441.
    • Walzer1
  • 15
    • 84922436786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What Does It Mean
    • Walzer, "What Does It Mean," 443.
    • Walzer1
  • 16
    • 84922436786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What Does It Mean
    • Walzer, "What Does It Mean," 441.
    • Walzer1
  • 17
    • 79958641191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trans-National America
    • "Trans-National America," American Intellectual Tradition, 2:170-180.
    • American Intellectual Tradition , vol.2 , pp. 170-180
  • 18
    • 84922436229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Erosion of American Identity
    • Sept.-Oct
    • S. P. Huntington, "The Erosion of American Identity," Foreign Affairs 76, no. 5 (Sept.-Oct., 1997):33.
    • (1997) Foreign Affairs , vol.76 , Issue.5 , pp. 33
    • Huntington, S.P.1
  • 19
    • 0004255582 scopus 로고
    • New York and Toronto: Free Press and Maxwell Macmillan Canada
    • The End of History and the Last Man (New York and Toronto: Free Press and Maxwell Macmillan Canada, 1992).
    • (1992) The End of History and the Last Man
  • 20
    • 84922464156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3rd. ed. (Boulder, Colo.: Westview
    • A. E. Mayer, Islam and Human Rights, 3rd. ed. (Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1999), 197.
    • (1999) Islam and Human Rights , pp. 197
    • Mayer, A.E.1
  • 21
    • 42349114096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Jihad and the Modern World
    • "Jihad and the Modern World," The Journal of Islamic Law and Culture 7, no. 1 (2002):1-26.
    • (2002) The Journal of Islamic Law and Culture , vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-26
  • 22
    • 84922452772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cairo: 'Isā al-Bābī al-H{dot below}alabī, n.d, 2
    • Abū Fidā' Ismā'īl Ibn Kathīr, Al-Sīrah al-nabawīya, 4 vols. (Cairo: 'Isā al-Bābī al-H{dot below}alabī, n.d.), 2:149-154.
    • Al-Sīrah al-nabawīya , vol.4 , pp. 149-154
    • Ibn Kathir, A.F.I.1
  • 26
    • 78349293939 scopus 로고
    • Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 97 passim
    • A. Watson, The Nature of Law (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1977), 20-22, 97 passim.
    • (1977) The Nature of Law , pp. 20-22
    • Watson, A.1
  • 27
    • 29344435684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chicago: Lawrence Hill Press
    • H. R. Brown, Die Nigger Die (Chicago: Lawrence Hill Press, 2001).
    • (2001) Die Nigger Die
    • Brown, H.R.1
  • 28
    • 84922470009 scopus 로고
    • New York: Quill, This was a re-issue. Cruse's work first appeared in 1967
    • H. Cruse, The Crisis of the Black Intellectual (New York: Quill, 1984), 452. This was a re-issue. Cruse's work first appeared in 1967.
    • (1984) The Crisis of the Black Intellectual , pp. 452
    • Cruse, H.1
  • 33
    • 84922417638 scopus 로고
    • New York: Free Press Paperbacks
    • Black Bourgeoisie (New York: Free Press Paperbacks, 1900) 237.
    • (1900) Black Bourgeoisie , pp. 237
  • 35
    • 84922466485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polygamy From Southern Africa to Black Britannia to Black America: Global Critical Race Feminism as a Legal Reform for the Twenty-First Century
    • Adrien Katherine Wing, "Polygamy From Southern Africa to Black Britannia to Black America: Global Critical Race Feminism as a Legal Reform for the Twenty-First Century," The Journal of Contemporary Legal Issues 2 (2001):858.
    • (2001) The Journal of Contemporary Legal Issues , vol.2 , pp. 858
    • Wing, A.K.1
  • 38
    • 33846400951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shari{dotless}a'h, Democracy and the Modern Nation State: Some Reflections on Islam, Popular Rule and Pluralism
    • December
    • "Shari{dotless}a'h, Democracy and the Modern Nation State: Some Reflections on Islam, Popular Rule and Pluralism," Fordham International Law Journal 27, no. 1 (December, 2003):102-107.
    • (2003) Fordham International Law Journal , vol.27 , Issue.1 , pp. 102-107
  • 39
    • 0004209602 scopus 로고
    • 8th ed. (Greenwich, Conn: Fawcett
    • W. E. B. Du Bois, Souls of Black Folks, 8th ed. (Greenwich, Conn: Fawcett, 1969) 149.
    • (1969) Souls of Black Folks , pp. 149
    • Du Bois, W.E.B.1
  • 40
    • 0004305264 scopus 로고
    • trans. J. W. Harvey (London: Oxford University Press
    • R. Otto, The Idea of the Holy, trans. J. W. Harvey (London: Oxford University Press, 1926), 18.
    • (1926) The Idea of the Holy , pp. 18
    • Otto, R.1
  • 43
    • 84922443627 scopus 로고
    • Folk Religion and Negro Congregations: The Fifth Religion
    • ed. G. Wilmore (Durham: Duke University Press
    • J. Washington Jr., "Folk Religion and Negro Congregations: The Fifth Religion," in African American Religious Studies, ed. G. Wilmore (Durham: Duke University Press, 1989), 55.
    • (1989) African American Religious Studies , pp. 55
    • Washington, J.1
  • 44
    • 84922423084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Folk Religion
    • Washington, "Folk Religion," 50.
    • Washington1
  • 45
    • 84922465077 scopus 로고
    • Are American Negro Churches Christian
    • ed. J. H. Cone and G. Wilmore (New York: Orbis Books, 1
    • Washington, "Are American Negro Churches Christian," in Black Theology: A Documentary History, 2 vols., ed. J. H. Cone and G. Wilmore (New York: Orbis Books, 1993), 1:100.
    • (1993) Black Theology: A Documentary History , vol.2 , pp. 100
    • Washington1
  • 46
    • 84922431857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are American Negro Churches Christian
    • Washington, "Are American Negro Churches Christian," 1:96.
    • , vol.1 , pp. 96
    • Washington1
  • 47
    • 84922465294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards an African-American Theology
    • J. H. Evans Jr., "Towards an African-American Theology," Black Theology, 2:26.
    • Black Theology , vol.2 , pp. 26
    • Evans, J.H.1
  • 50
    • 0003888263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • London, New York: Routledge Press
    • R. Dyer, White (London, New York: Routledge Press, 1997), 2.
    • (1997) White , pp. 2
    • Dyer, R.1
  • 52
    • 0011845631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cambridge: Islamic Texts Society, 4, 277-282 passim
    • M. H. Kamali, Freedom of Expression in Islam (Cambridge: Islamic Texts Society, 1997), 3, 4, 277-282 passim.
    • (1997) Freedom of Expression in Islam , pp. 3
    • Kamali, M.H.1
  • 54
    • 84922459478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cairo: Dār al-T{dot below}ibā'ah al-Muh{dot below}ammadīyah, n.d
    • Ahmad Ibn Taymīya, Tafsīr sūrat al-ikhlās{dot below} (Cairo: Dār al-T{dot below}ibā'ah al-Muh{dot below}ammadīyah, n.d.), 13-17.
    • Tafsīr sūrat al-ikhlās{dot below} , pp. 13-17
    • Ibn Taymiya, A.1
  • 55
    • 84922454804 scopus 로고
    • ed. Fathalla Kholeif (Beirut: Dār el-Machreq
    • Abū Mansūr al-Māturīdī, Kitāb al-tawh{dot below}īd, ed. Fathalla Kholeif (Beirut: Dār el-Machreq, 1986), 23.
    • (1986) Kitāb al-tawh{dot below}īd , pp. 23
    • al-Maturidi, A.M.1
  • 59
    • 33751160068 scopus 로고
    • Ibn Taymīyyah on Trial in Damascus
    • S. A. Jackson, "Ibn Taymīyyah on Trial in Damascus," Journal of Semitic Studies 39, no. 1 (1994):58.
    • (1994) Journal of Semitic Studies , vol.39 , Issue.1 , pp. 58
    • Jackson, S.A.1
  • 61
    • 84884090223 scopus 로고
    • Soul: Islamic Concepts
    • ed. M. Eliade, New York: Macmillan, 13
    • M. Marmura, "Soul: Islamic Concepts," The Encyclopedia of Religion, ed. M. Eliade, 16 vols. (New York: Macmillan, 1987), 13:461.
    • (1987) The Encyclopedia of Religion , vol.16 , pp. 461
    • Marmura, M.1
  • 63
    • 0347808612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Alchemy of Domination? Some Ashrarite Responses to Mu'tazilite Ethics
    • "The Alchemy of Domination? Some Ashrarite Responses to Mu'tazilite Ethics," International Journal of Middle East Studies 31 (1999):185-201.
    • (1999) International Journal of Middle East Studies , vol.31 , pp. 185-201
  • 64
    • 42349114096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Jihad and the Modern World
    • "Jihad and the Modern World," Journal of Islamic Law and Culture 7, no. 1 (2002):1-26.
    • (2002) Journal of Islamic Law and Culture , vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-26
  • 65
    • 84922446659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interpretations of Black Religion in America
    • Long, "Interpretations of Black Religion in America," Significations, 150.
    • Significations , pp. 150
    • Long1
  • 68
    • 0004012982 scopus 로고
    • New York: Penguin Books
    • E. Said, Orientalism (New York: Penguin Books, 1987), 11.
    • (1987) Orientalism , pp. 11
    • Said, E.1
  • 69
    • 84922438486 scopus 로고
    • African-American Muslims and the Question of Identity Between Traditional Islam, African Heritage, and the American Way
    • eds. Y. Y. Haddad and J. Esposito (Atlanta: Scholars Press, note 20
    • Y. Nuriddin, "African-American Muslims and the Question of Identity Between Traditional Islam, African Heritage, and the American Way," in Muslims on the Americanization Path? eds. Y. Y. Haddad and J. Esposito (Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1993), 309, note 20.
    • (1993) Muslims on the Americanization Path? , pp. 309
    • Nuriddin, Y.1
  • 75
    • 84922420820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • African-American Muslims
    • "African-American Muslims," 282-287.
  • 76
    • 23944439023 scopus 로고
    • Beirut: Dār wa Maktabat al-Hilāl
    • Abd al-Rahmān b. Khaldūn, Al-Muqaddimah (Beirut: Dār wa Maktabat al-Hilāl, 1986), 45.
    • (1986) Al-Muqaddimah , pp. 45
    • Khaldun, A.A.-R.B.1
  • 84
    • 84922465393 scopus 로고
    • London: Allen and Unwin, 1
    • I. Goldziher, Muslim Studies, 2 vols. (London: Allen and Unwin, 1967), 1:268.
    • (1967) Muslim Studies , vol.2 , pp. 268
    • Goldziher, I.1
  • 86
    • 0004176626 scopus 로고
    • Trenton: Africa World Press
    • Molefi Kete Ashante, Afrocentricity (Trenton: Africa World Press, 1988), 2.
    • (1988) Afrocentricity , pp. 2
    • Ashante, M.K.1
  • 94
    • 60949339303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Edward Wilmot Blyden and Pan-Africanism: The Ideological Roots of Islam and Black Nationalism in the United States
    • April
    • "Edward Wilmot Blyden and Pan-Africanism: The Ideological Roots of Islam and Black Nationalism in the United States," The Muslim World 87, no. 2 (April, 1997):169.
    • (1997) The Muslim World , vol.87 , Issue.2 , pp. 169
  • 95
    • 10644287421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New York: State University of New York Press
    • E. E. Curtis IV, Islam in Black America (New York: State University of New York Press, 2002), 53-56.
    • (2002) Islam in Black America , pp. 53-56
    • Curtis, E.E.1
  • 101
    • 62749123831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibn Taymiyya and the Satanic Verses
    • esp. 70-74, 86-90, 100 passim
    • S. Ahmed, "Ibn Taymiyya and the Satanic Verses," Studia Islamica 87, no. 2 (1998):67-124, esp. 70-74, 86-90, 100 passim.
    • (1998) Studia Islamica , vol.87 , Issue.2 , pp. 67-124
    • Ahmed, S.1
  • 102
    • 0012740063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postmodern Warfare: The Ignorance of Our Warrior Intellectuals
    • July
    • Stanley Fish, "Postmodern Warfare: The Ignorance of Our Warrior Intellectuals," Harper's Magazine, July, 2002.
    • (2002) Harper's Magazine
    • Fish, S.1
  • 105
    • 0009795869 scopus 로고
    • The Uncompleted Argument: Du Bois and the Illusion of Race
    • ed. H. L. Gates Jr. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press
    • K. A. Appiah, "The Uncompleted Argument: Du Bois and the Illusion of Race," in "Race," Writing and Difference, ed. H. L. Gates Jr. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986), 35.
    • (1986) "Race," Writing and Difference , pp. 35
    • Appiah, K.A.1
  • 107
    • 0040388767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New York: Routledge, esp. Chapters 5 and 6
    • Lucious Outlaw On Race and Philosophy (New York: Routledge, 1996), esp. Chapters 5 and 6.
    • (1996) On Race and Philosophy
    • Outlaw, L.1
  • 108
    • 84922423083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outlawing Racism in Philosophy: On Race and Philosophy
    • ed. P. H. Coetzee and A. P. J. Roux (New York: Routledge
    • Maboga P. More "Outlawing Racism in Philosophy: On Race and Philosophy," in The African Philosophy Reader, ed. P. H. Coetzee and A. P. J. Roux (New York: Routledge, 1999), 364-373.
    • (1999) The African Philosophy Reader , pp. 364-373
    • More, M.P.1
  • 116
    • 0003706014 scopus 로고
    • 3rd ed. (Grand Rapids, Mich.: W. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, and passim
    • C. E. Lincoln, The Black Muslims in America, 3rd ed. (Grand Rapids, Mich.: W. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1994), 27ff. and passim.
    • (1994) The Black Muslims in America , pp. 27ff
    • Lincoln, C.E.1
  • 121
    • 84922438485 scopus 로고
    • From Wellhausen to Becker: The Emergence of Kulturgeschichte in Islamic Studies, Islamic Studies: A Tradition and Its Problems
    • ed. M. Kerr (Malibu, Calif.: Undena Publications
    • J. van Ess, "From Wellhausen to Becker: The Emergence of Kulturgeschichte in Islamic Studies, Islamic Studies: A Tradition and Its Problems," ed. M. Kerr (Malibu, Calif.: Undena Publications, 1980), 48-49.
    • (1980) , pp. 48-49
    • van Ess, J.1
  • 128
    • 84922470007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New York: Quill, This is a reissue of this book which was first published in 1963
    • L. Jones (Amiri Baraka), Blues People: Negro Music in White America (New York: Quill, 1999), x. This is a reissue of this book which was first published in 1963.
    • (1999) Blues People: Negro Music in White America , pp. x
    • Jones, L.1    Baraka, A.2
  • 136
    • 70449802363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Beginnings of American Pentecostalism: A Historic Overview
    • eds. E. L. Blumhofer, R. P. Spittler and G. A. Wacker (Chicago: University of Chicago Press
    • A. Cerillo, "The Beginnings of American Pentecostalism: A Historic Overview," in Pentecostal Currents in American Protestantism, eds. E. L. Blumhofer, R. P. Spittler and G. A. Wacker (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999), 235.
    • (1999) Pentecostal Currents in American Protestantism , pp. 235
    • Cerillo, A.1
  • 138
    • 84922475337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beginnings
    • 235, and 237
    • Cerillo, "Beginnings," 231, 235, and 237.
    • Cerillo1
  • 139
    • 0009902953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Other Kind of Doctor: Conjure and Magic in Black American Folk Medicine
    • eds. T. E. Fulop and A. Raboteau (New York: Routledge
    • B. Jackson, "The Other Kind of Doctor: Conjure and Magic in Black American Folk Medicine," African-American Religion, eds. T. E. Fulop and A. Raboteau (New York: Routledge, 1997), 415-431.
    • (1997) African-American Religion , pp. 415-431
    • Jackson, B.1
  • 140
    • 84902402355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • published with C. E. Lincoln's The Black Church Since Frazier
    • Frazier, Negro Church 82-85 (published with C. E. Lincoln's The Black Church Since Frazier)
    • Negro Church , pp. 82-85
    • Frazier1
  • 142
    • 0003064232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perspectives for the Study of African-American Religion in the United States, in Fulop and Raboteau
    • C. H. Long "Perspectives for the Study of African-American Religion in the United States, in Fulop and Raboteau," African-American Religion, 21-35.
    • African-American Religion , pp. 21-35
    • Long, C.H.1
  • 143
  • 145
    • 33748266838 scopus 로고
    • Black Religion
    • G. S. Wilmore, ed, Durham and London: Duke University Press
    • M. Karenga, "Black Religion," in G. S. Wilmore, ed., African American Religious Studies (Durham and London: Duke University Press, 1995), 271-300.
    • (1995) African American Religious Studies , pp. 271-300
    • Karenga, M.1
  • 146
    • 84922470006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The slave preacher had to be careful not to mention freedom or equality for black people in this life, but only in Heaven-at least in the presence of whites
    • "The slave preacher had to be careful not to mention freedom or equality for black people in this life, but only in Heaven-at least in the presence of whites." Canaan Land, 46.
    • Canaan Land , pp. 46
  • 147
    • 84922448131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Freedom, Otherness and Religion: Theologies Opaque
    • C. H. Long, "Freedom, Otherness and Religion: Theologies Opaque," Significations, 212.
    • Significations , pp. 212
    • Long, C.H.1
  • 149
    • 0004131463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New York: Vintage Books, emphasis added
    • H. L. Gates Jr. and C. West, The Future of the Race (New York: Vintage Books, 1998), 82-83 (emphasis added).
    • (1998) The Future of the Race , pp. 82-83
    • Gates, H.L.1    West, C.2
  • 150
    • 0004318229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New York: Basic Civitas Books, All emphases added
    • C. West, The Cornel West Reader (New York: Basic Civitas Books, 1999), 436. All emphases added.
    • (1999) The Cornel West Reader , pp. 436
    • West, C.1
  • 154
    • 0038463007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Central Themes of American Religious History: Pluralism, Puritanism, and the Encounter of Black and White
    • Fulop and Raboteau
    • D. W. Wills, "The Central Themes of American Religious History: Pluralism, Puritanism, and the Encounter of Black and White," in Fulop and Raboteau, African American Religion, 14.
    • African American Religion , pp. 14
    • Wills, D.W.1
  • 155
    • 79955245880 scopus 로고
    • New York: Arno Press and The New York Times
    • S. A. Brown, A. P. Davis, and U. Lee, The Negro Caravan (New York: Arno Press and The New York Times, 1969), 422.
    • (1969) The Negro Caravan , pp. 422
    • Brown, S.A.1    Davis, A.P.2    Lee, U.3
  • 157
    • 10644287421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New York: State University of New York Press
    • E. E. Curtis IV, Islam in Black America (New York: State University of New York Press, 2002), 56-61.
    • (2002) Islam in Black America , pp. 56-61
    • Curtis, E.E.1
  • 158
    • 84901094337 scopus 로고
    • Aspects of Black Muslim Theology
    • Z. I. Ansari, "Aspects of Black Muslim Theology," Studia Islamica 53 (1981):137-176.
    • (1981) Studia Islamica , vol.53 , pp. 137-176
    • Ansari, Z.I.1
  • 162
    • 0038454831 scopus 로고
    • Muslims in Early America
    • M. Gomez, "Muslims in Early America," The Journal of Southern History 40, no. 4 (1994):671-710.
    • (1994) The Journal of Southern History , vol.40 , Issue.4 , pp. 671-710
    • Gomez, M.1
  • 167
    • 0004171001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • with C. E. Lincoln, The Black Church Since Frazier
    • Frazier, The Negro Church in America (with C. E. Lincoln, The Black Church Since Frazier), 77-79.
    • The Negro Church in America , pp. 77-79
    • Frazier1
  • 168
    • 84922470005 scopus 로고
    • Enslaved
    • ed. D. Randall (New York: Bantam Books
    • Claude McKay's "Enslaved," The Black Poets, ed. D. Randall (New York: Bantam Books, 1971), 62.
    • (1971) The Black Poets , pp. 62
    • McKay, C.1
  • 169
    • 60949465318 scopus 로고
    • Urban Muslims: The Formation of the Dār ul-Islam Movement
    • eds. J. Smith and Y. Haddad (New York: State University of New York Press
    • R. Mukhtar Curtis, "Urban Muslims: The Formation of the Dār ul-Islam Movement," in Muslim Communities in North America, eds. J. Smith and Y. Haddad (New York: State University of New York Press, 1994), 51-74.
    • (1994) Muslim Communities in North America , pp. 51-74
    • Mukhtar Curtis, R.1
  • 171
    • 84921279627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New York: Oxford University Press
    • R. Dannin, Black Pilgrimage to Islam (New York: Oxford University Press, 2002), 67-80.
    • (2002) Black Pilgrimage to Islam , pp. 67-80
    • Dannin, R.1
  • 173
    • 0004264683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New York: Columbia University Press
    • J. I. Smith, Islam in America (New York: Columbia University Press, 1999), 97-98.
    • (1999) Islam in America , pp. 97-98
    • Smith, J.I.1
  • 177
    • 0004264683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New York: Columbia University Press
    • J. I. Smith, Islam in America (New York: Columbia University Press, 1999), 167-176.
    • (1999) Islam in America , pp. 167-176
    • Smith, J.I.1
  • 178
    • 0039280070 scopus 로고
    • Muslim Organizations in the United States
    • ed. Y. Y. Haddad (New York: Oxford University Press
    • Q. Ahmed, "Muslim Organizations in the United States," The Muslims of America, ed. Y. Y. Haddad (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991), 11-24.
    • (1991) The Muslims of America , pp. 11-24
    • Ahmed, Q.1
  • 179
  • 180
    • 84922443729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blyden, Edward Wilmot
    • L. C. Robinson, "Blyden, Edward Wilmot," Africana, 275.
    • Africana , pp. 275
    • Robinson, L.C.1
  • 184
    • 84921279627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New York: Oxford University Press, 71, 73
    • R. Dannin, Black Pilgrimage to Islam (New York: Oxford University Press, 2002), 61, 71, 73.
    • (2002) Black Pilgrimage to Islam , pp. 61
    • Dannin, R.1
  • 186
    • 0001799221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimates of Muslim Living in the United States
    • ed. Haddad
    • C. Stone, "Estimates of Muslim Living in the United States," Muslims of America, ed. Haddad, 25-36.
    • Muslims of America , pp. 25-36
    • Stone, C.1
  • 187
    • 84922470004 scopus 로고
    • ed. J. Cone and G. Wilmore (New York: Orbis
    • Black Theology 2 vols., ed. J. Cone and G. Wilmore (New York: Orbis, 1993).
    • (1993) Black Theology , vol.2
  • 191
    • 84971870791 scopus 로고
    • The Oppressive Elements in Religion and the Religions of the Oppressed
    • July-Oct
    • Charles Long, "The Oppressive Elements in Religion and the Religions of the Oppressed," Harvard Theological Review 69, no. 3-4 (July-Oct. 1976):397-412.
    • (1976) Harvard Theological Review , vol.69 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 397-412
    • Long, C.1
  • 193
    • 0003530805 scopus 로고
    • New Haven: Yale University Press, on the attitude of Catholic and Lutheran immigrants from Germany
    • S. E. Ahlstrom, A Religious History of the American People (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1972), 830, on the attitude of Catholic and Lutheran immigrants from Germany.
    • (1972) A Religious History of the American People , pp. 830
    • Ahlstrom, S.E.1
  • 194
    • 0003888263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • London, New York: Routledge Press
    • R. Dyer, White (London, New York: Routledge Press, 1997), 19-20.
    • (1997) White , pp. 19-20
    • Dyer, R.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.