메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 181, Issue 1, 2015, Pages 64-80

Mediation analysis with intermediate confounding: Structural equation modeling viewed through the causal inference lens

Author keywords

Eating disorders; Estimation by combination; G computation; Parametric identification; Path analysis; Sensitivity analysis

Indexed keywords

HUMAN GEOGRAPHY; METHODOLOGY; NUMERICAL MODEL; PARAMETERIZATION; SOCIAL THEORY; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS;

EID: 84922457780     PISSN: 00029262     EISSN: 14766256     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwu239     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (109)

References (68)
  • 1
    • 84973815909 scopus 로고
    • Process analysis: Estimating mediation in treatment evaluation
    • Judd CM, Kenny DA. Process analysis: estimating mediation in treatment evaluation. Eval Rev. 1981;5(5):602-619.
    • (1981) Eval Rev. , vol.5 , Issue.5 , pp. 602-619
    • Judd, C.M.1    Kenny, D.A.2
  • 2
    • 0023020183 scopus 로고
    • The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations
    • Baron RM, Kenny DA. The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1986;51(6):1173-1182.
    • (1986) J Pers Soc Psychol. , vol.51 , Issue.6 , pp. 1173-1182
    • Baron, R.M.1    Kenny, D.A.2
  • 3
    • 0001445915 scopus 로고
    • The method of path coefficients
    • Wright S. The method of path coefficients. Ann Math Stat. 1934;5(3):161-215.
    • (1934) Ann Math Stat. , vol.5 , Issue.3 , pp. 161-215
    • Wright, S.1
  • 4
    • 0003556833 scopus 로고
    • Causality and causal models
    • New York NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    • Bollen KA. Causality and causal models. In: Structural Equations with Latent Variables. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 1989:40-79.
    • (1989) Structural Equations with Latent Variables , pp. 40-79
    • Bollen, K.A.1
  • 5
    • 0002324062 scopus 로고
    • Path analysis: Sociological examples
    • Duncan OD. Path analysis: sociological examples. AJS. 1966; 72(1):1-16.
    • (1966) AJS. , vol.72 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-16
    • Duncan, O.D.1
  • 6
    • 0002037905 scopus 로고
    • Asymptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structural equation models
    • Sobel ME. Asymptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structural equation models. Sociol Methodol. 1982;13:290-312.
    • (1982) Sociol Methodol. , vol.13 , pp. 290-312
    • Sobel, M.E.1
  • 7
    • 0000808962 scopus 로고
    • Mediators, moderators, and tests for mediation
    • James LR, Brett JM. Mediators, moderators, and tests for mediation. J Appl Psychol. 1984;69(2):307-321.
    • (1984) J Appl Psychol. , vol.69 , Issue.2 , pp. 307-321
    • James, L.R.1    Brett, J.M.2
  • 9
    • 77955913760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantifying and testing indirect effects in simple mediation models when the constituent paths are nonlinear
    • Hayes AF, Preacher KJ. Quantifying and testing indirect effects in simple mediation models when the constituent paths are nonlinear. Multivariate Behav Res. 2010;45(4):627-660.
    • (2010) Multivariate Behav Res. , vol.45 , Issue.4 , pp. 627-660
    • Hayes, A.F.1    Preacher, K.J.2
  • 11
    • 0026556155 scopus 로고
    • Identifiability and exchangeability for direct and indirect effects
    • Robins JM, Greenland S. Identifiability and exchangeability for direct and indirect effects. Epidemiology. 1992;3(2):143-155.
    • (1992) Epidemiology. , vol.3 , Issue.2 , pp. 143-155
    • Robins, J.M.1    Greenland, S.2
  • 13
    • 77953957726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conceptual issues concerning mediation, interventions and composition
    • Vander Weele TJ, Vansteelandt S. Conceptual issues concerning mediation, interventions and composition. Stat Interface. 2009;2(4):457-468.
    • (2009) Stat Interface. , vol.2 , Issue.4 , pp. 457-468
    • Vander Weele, T.J.1    Vansteelandt, S.2
  • 14
    • 84866888368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invited commentary: Structural equation modeling and epidemiologic analysis
    • Vander Weele TJ. Invited commentary: structural equation modeling and epidemiologic analysis. Am J Epidemiol. 2012; 176(7):608-612.
    • (2012) Am J Epidemiol. , vol.176 , Issue.7 , pp. 608-612
    • Vander Weele, T.J.1
  • 15
    • 84879516417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mediation analysis allowing for exposure-mediator interactions and causal interpretation: Theoretical assumptions and implementation with SAS and SPSS macros
    • Valeri L, Vander Weele TJ. Mediation analysis allowing for exposure-mediator interactions and causal interpretation: theoretical assumptions and implementation with SAS and SPSS macros. Psychol Methods. 2013;18(2):137-150.
    • (2013) Psychol Methods. , vol.18 , Issue.2 , pp. 137-150
    • Valeri, L.1    Vander Weele, T.J.2
  • 16
    • 77954416860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mediation and moderation of treatment effects in randomised controlled trials of complex interventions
    • Emsley R, Dunn G, White IR. Mediation and moderation of treatment effects in randomised controlled trials of complex interventions. Stat Methods Med Res. 2010;19(3):237-270.
    • (2010) Stat Methods Med Res. , vol.19 , Issue.3 , pp. 237-270
    • Emsley, R.1    Dunn, G.2    White, I.R.3
  • 17
    • 79959768753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alternative assumptions for the identification of direct and indirect effects
    • Hafeman DM, Vander Weele TJ. Alternative assumptions for the identification of direct and indirect effects. Epidemiology. 2011;22(6):753-764.
    • (2011) Epidemiology. , vol.22 , Issue.6 , pp. 753-764
    • Hafeman, D.M.1    Vander Weele, T.J.2
  • 18
    • 84856049115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of causal estimation of effects in mediation analyses
    • Ten Have TR, Joffe MM. A review of causal estimation of effects in mediation analyses. Stat Methods Med Res. 2012; 21(1):77-107.
    • (2012) Stat Methods Med Res. , vol.21 , Issue.1 , pp. 77-107
    • Ten Have, T.R.1    Joffe, M.M.2
  • 19
    • 84881512504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Los Angeles CA: Department of Computer Science University of California, Los Angeles (Technical report R-389)
    • Pearl J. Interpretable conditions for identifying direct and indirect effects. Los Angeles, CA: Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles; 2012. (Technical report R-389).
    • (2012) Interpretable Conditions for Identifying Direct and Indirect Effects
    • Pearl, J.1
  • 20
    • 67349216949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marginal structural models for the estimation of direct and indirect effects
    • Vander Weele TJ. Marginal structural models for the estimation of direct and indirect effects. Epidemiology. 2009;20(1):18-26.
    • (2009) Epidemiology. , vol.20 , Issue.1 , pp. 18-26
    • Vander Weele, T.J.1
  • 21
    • 0000272869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing and estimation of direct effects by reparameterizing directed acyclic graphs with structural nested models
    • Glymour C, Cooper G, eds Menlo Park, CA/Cambridge, MA: AAAI Press/The MIT Press
    • Robins JM. Testing and estimation of direct effects by reparameterizing directed acyclic graphs with structural nested models. In: Glymour C, Cooper G, eds. Computation, Causation, and Discovery. Menlo Park, CA/Cambridge, MA: AAAI Press/The MIT Press; 1999:349-405.
    • (1999) Computation, Causation, and Discovery , pp. 349-405
    • Robins, J.M.1
  • 22
    • 74549199297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating direct effects in cohort and case-control studies
    • Vansteelandt S. Estimating direct effects in cohort and case-control studies. Epidemiology. 2009;20(6):851-860.
    • (2009) Epidemiology. , vol.20 , Issue.6 , pp. 851-860
    • Vansteelandt, S.1
  • 23
    • 66949158002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Related causal frameworks for surrogate outcomes
    • Joffe MM, Greene T. Related causal frameworks for surrogate outcomes. Biometrics. 2009;65(2):530-538.
    • (2009) Biometrics. , vol.65 , Issue.2 , pp. 530-538
    • Joffe, M.M.1    Greene, T.2
  • 25
    • 84866738183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Semiparametric theory for causal mediation analysis: Efficiency bounds, multiple robustness and sensitivity analysis
    • Tchetgen Tchetgen EJ, Shpitser I. Semiparametric theory for causal mediation analysis: efficiency bounds, multiple robustness and sensitivity analysis. Ann Stat. 2012;40(3):1816-1845.
    • (2012) Ann Stat. , vol.40 , Issue.3 , pp. 1816-1845
    • Tchetgen Tchetgen, E.J.1    Shpitser, I.2
  • 26
    • 85015194874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imputation strategies for the estimation of natural direct and indirect effects
    • Vansteelandt S, Bekaert M, Lange T. Imputation strategies for the estimation of natural direct and indirect effects. Epidemiol Methods. 2012;1(1):131-158.
    • (2012) Epidemiol Methods. , vol.1 , Issue.1 , pp. 131-158
    • Vansteelandt, S.1    Bekaert, M.2    Lange, T.3
  • 28
    • 84894182193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect decomposition in the presence of an exposure-induced mediator-outcome confounder
    • Vander Weele TJ, Vansteelandt S, Robins JM. Effect decomposition in the presence of an exposure-induced mediator-outcome confounder. Epidemiology. 2014;25(2): 300-306.
    • (2014) Epidemiology. , vol.25 , Issue.2 , pp. 300-306
    • Vander Weele, T.J.1    Vansteelandt, S.2    Robins, J.M.3
  • 29
    • 84894191691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of natural direct effects when a confounder of the mediator is directly affected by exposure
    • Tchetgen Tchetgen EJ, Vander Weele TJ. Identification of natural direct effects when a confounder of the mediator is directly affected by exposure. Epidemiology. 2014;25(2):282-291.
    • (2014) Epidemiology. , vol.25 , Issue.2 , pp. 282-291
    • Tchetgen Tchetgen, E.J.1    Vander Weele, T.J.2
  • 30
    • 58149417330 scopus 로고
    • Estimating causal effects of treatments in randomized and nonrandomized studies
    • Rubin DB. Estimating causal effects of treatments in randomized and nonrandomized studies. J Educ Psychol. 1974; 66(5):688-701.
    • (1974) J Educ Psychol. , vol.66 , Issue.5 , pp. 688-701
    • Rubin, D.B.1
  • 31
    • 79952117042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Odds ratios for mediation analysis for a dichotomous outcome
    • Vander Weele TJ, Vansteelandt S. Odds ratios for mediation analysis for a dichotomous outcome. Am J Epidemiol. 2010; 172(12):1339-1348.
    • (2010) Am J Epidemiol. , vol.172 , Issue.12 , pp. 1339-1348
    • Vander Weele, T.J.1    Vansteelandt, S.2
  • 32
    • 78651296654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of controlled direct effects on a dichotomous outcome using logistic structural direct effect models
    • Vansteelandt S. Estimation of controlled direct effects on a dichotomous outcome using logistic structural direct effect models. Biometrika. 2010;97(4):921-934.
    • (2010) Biometrika. , vol.97 , Issue.4 , pp. 921-934
    • Vansteelandt, S.1
  • 33
    • 80054770577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of direct effects for survival data by using the Aalen additive hazards model
    • Martinussen T, Vansteelandt S, Gerster M, et al. Estimation of direct effects for survival data by using the Aalen additive hazards model. J R Stat Soc Series B Stat Methodol. 2011; 73(5):773-788.
    • (2011) J R Stat Soc Series B Stat Methodol. , vol.73 , Issue.5 , pp. 773-788
    • Martinussen, T.1    Vansteelandt, S.2    Gerster, M.3
  • 34
    • 15544371335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Semantics of causal DAG models and the identification of direct and indirect effects
    • Green P, Hjort N, Richardson S, eds New York, NY: Oxford University Press
    • Robins JM. Semantics of causal DAG models and the identification of direct and indirect effects. In: Green P, Hjort N, Richardson S, eds. Highly Structured Stochastic Systems. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2003:70-81.
    • (2003) Highly Structured Stochastic Systems , pp. 70-81
    • Robins, J.M.1
  • 35
    • 67349219346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mediation and mechanism
    • Vander Weele TJ. Mediation and mechanism. Eur J Epidemiol. 2009;24(5):217-224.
    • (2009) Eur J Epidemiol. , vol.24 , Issue.5 , pp. 217-224
    • Vander Weele, T.J.1
  • 36
  • 37
    • 84950657856 scopus 로고
    • Comment on: "randomization analysis of experimental data in the Fisher randomization test" by D. Basu
    • Rubin DB. Comment on: "Randomization analysis of experimental data in the Fisher randomization test" by D. Basu. J Am Stat Assoc. 1980;75(371):591-593.
    • (1980) J Am Stat Assoc. , vol.75 , Issue.371 , pp. 591-593
    • Rubin, D.B.1
  • 38
    • 49549090865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward causal inference with interference
    • Hudgens MG, Halloran ME. Toward causal inference with interference. J Am Stat Assoc. 2008;103(482):832-842.
    • (2008) J Am Stat Assoc. , vol.103 , Issue.482 , pp. 832-842
    • Hudgens, M.G.1    Halloran, M.E.2
  • 40
    • 49549116657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does obesity shorten life? the importance of well-defined interventions to answer causal questions
    • Hernán MA, Taubman SL. Does obesity shorten life? The importance of well-defined interventions to answer causal questions. Int J Obes (Lond). 2008;32(suppl 3): S8-S14.
    • (2008) Int J Obes (Lond). , vol.32 , pp. S8-S14
    • Hernán, M.A.1    Taubman, S.L.2
  • 41
    • 67651098902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The consistency statement in causal inference: A definition or an assumption?
    • Cole SR, Frangakis CE. The consistency statement in causal inference: a definition or an assumption? Epidemiology. 2009; 20(1):3-5.
    • (2009) Epidemiology. , vol.20 , Issue.1 , pp. 3-5
    • Cole, S.R.1    Frangakis, C.E.2
  • 42
    • 74549138178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concerning the consistency assumption in causal inference
    • Vander Weele TJ. Concerning the consistency assumption in causal inference. Epidemiology. 2009;20(6):880-883.
    • (2009) Epidemiology. , vol.20 , Issue.6 , pp. 880-883
    • Vander Weele, T.J.1
  • 43
    • 77958464317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the consistency rule in causal inference: Axiom, definition, assumption, or theorem?
    • Pearl J. On the consistency rule in causal inference: axiom, definition, assumption, or theorem? Epidemiology. 2010;21(6): 872-875.
    • (2010) Epidemiology. , vol.21 , Issue.6 , pp. 872-875
    • Pearl, J.1
  • 44
    • 0002531157 scopus 로고
    • Bayesian inference for causal effects: The role of randomization
    • Rubin DB. Bayesian inference for causal effects: the role of randomization. Ann Stat. 1978;6(1):34-58.
    • (1978) Ann Stat. , vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp. 34-58
    • Rubin, D.B.1
  • 45
    • 84957062420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mediation formula: A guide to the assessment of causal pathways in nonlinear models
    • Berzuini C Dawid AP Bernardinelli L eds Chichester United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
    • Pearl J. The mediation formula: a guide to the assessment of causal pathways in nonlinear models. In: Berzuini C, Dawid AP, Bernardinelli L, eds. Causality: Statistical Perspectives and Applications. Chichester, United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.; 2012:151-179.
    • (2012) Causality: Statistical Perspectives and Applications , pp. 151-179
    • Pearl, J.1
  • 46
    • 84957098999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of direct and indirect effects
    • Berzuini C Dawid AP Bernardinelli L eds Chichester United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
    • Vansteelandt S. Estimation of direct and indirect effects. In: Berzuini C, Dawid AP, Bernardinelli L, eds. Causality: Statistical Perspectives and Applications. Chichester, United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.; 2012:126-150.
    • (2012) Causality: Statistical Perspectives and Applications , pp. 126-150
    • Vansteelandt, S.1
  • 47
    • 46149139403 scopus 로고
    • A new approach to causal inference in mortality studies with a sustained exposure period-application to control of the healthy worker survivor effect
    • Robins J. A new approach to causal inference in mortality studies with a sustained exposure period-application to control of the healthy worker survivor effect. Math Model. 1986;7(9-12):1393-1512.
    • (1986) Math Model. , vol.7 , Issue.9-12 , pp. 1393-1512
    • Robins, J.1
  • 48
    • 84871661363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural direct and indirect effects on the exposed: Effect decomposition under weaker assumptions
    • Vansteelandt S, Vander Weele TJ. Natural direct and indirect effects on the exposed: effect decomposition under weaker assumptions. Biometrics. 2012;68(4):1019-1027.
    • (2012) Biometrics. , vol.68 , Issue.4 , pp. 1019-1027
    • Vansteelandt, S.1    Vander Weele, T.J.2
  • 49
    • 77957786869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification, inference and sensitivity analysis for causal mediation effects
    • Imai K, Keele L, Yamamoto T. Identification, inference and sensitivity analysis for causal mediation effects. Stat Sci. 2010; 25(1):51-71.
    • (2010) Stat Sci. , vol.25 , Issue.1 , pp. 51-71
    • Imai, K.1    Keele, L.2    Yamamoto, T.3
  • 50
    • 84855817938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cousens SN. Gformula: Estimating causal effects in the presence of time-varying confounding or mediation using the g-computation formula
    • Daniel RM, De Stavola BL, Cousens SN. gformula: estimating causal effects in the presence of time-varying confounding or mediation using the g-computation formula. Stata J. 2011; 11(4):479-517.
    • (2011) Stata J. , vol.11 , Issue.4 , pp. 479-517
    • Daniel, R.M.1    De Stavola, B.L.2
  • 51
    • 84857752877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeted maximum likelihood estimation of natural direct effects
    • Zheng W, van der Laan MJ. Targeted maximum likelihood estimation of natural direct effects. Int J Biostat. 2012;8(1).
    • (2012) Int J Biostat. , vol.8 , Issue.1
    • Zheng, W.1    Van Der Laan, M.J.2
  • 54
    • 0000265302 scopus 로고
    • Estimating mediated effects in prevention studies
    • MacKinnon DP, Dwyer JH. Estimating mediated effects in prevention studies. Eval Rev. 1993;17(2):144-158.
    • (1993) Eval Rev. , vol.17 , Issue.2 , pp. 144-158
    • Mackinnon, D.P.1    Dwyer, J.H.2
  • 56
    • 67650886343 scopus 로고
    • Multivariate analysis with latent variables: Causal modeling
    • Bentler PM. Multivariate analysis with latent variables: causal modeling. Annu Rev Psychol. 1980;31:419-456.
    • (1980) Annu Rev Psychol. , vol.31 , pp. 419-456
    • Bentler, P.M.1
  • 57
    • 84922466413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Computer intensive methods for mediation models
    • New York, NY: Taylor & Francis
    • MacKinnon D. Computer intensive methods for mediation models. In: Introduction to Statistical Mediation Analysis. New York, NY: Taylor & Francis; 2008:325-346.
    • (2008) Introduction to Statistical Mediation Analysis , pp. 325-346
    • Mackinnon, D.1
  • 59
    • 84856027780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond exchangeability: The other conditions for causal inference in medical research
    • Hernán MA. Beyond exchangeability: the other conditions for causal inference in medical research. Stat Methods Med Res. 2012;21(1):3-5.
    • (2012) Stat Methods Med Res. , vol.21 , Issue.1 , pp. 3-5
    • Hernán, M.A.1
  • 61
    • 40249119780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distortion of effects caused by indirect confounding
    • Wermuth N, Cox DR. Distortion of effects caused by indirect confounding. Biometrika. 2008;95(1):17-33.
    • (2008) Biometrika. , vol.95 , Issue.1 , pp. 17-33
    • Wermuth, N.1    Cox, D.R.2
  • 62
    • 84922472069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural equation modeling versus marginal structural modeling for assessing mediation in the presence of post-treatment confounding
    • In press
    • Moerkerke B, Loeys T, Vansteelandt S. Structural equation modeling versus marginal structural modeling for assessing mediation in the presence of post-treatment confounding. Psychol Methods. In press.
    • Psychol Methods
    • Moerkerke, B.1    Loeys, T.2    Vansteelandt, S.3
  • 63
    • 84922451895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Los Angeles CA: Department of Computer Science University of California, Los Angeles Accessed August 8, 2014
    • Pearl J. Interpretation and Identification of Causal Mediation. Los Angeles, CA: Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles; 2014. http://ftp.cs.ucla.edu/pub/stat-ser/r389.pdf. Accessed August 8, 2014.
    • (2014) Interpretation and Identification of Causal Mediation
    • Pearl, J.1
  • 64
    • 84876069553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification and sensitivity analysis for multiple causal mechanisms: Revisiting evidence from framing experiments
    • Imai K, Yamamoto T Identification and sensitivity analysis for multiple causal mechanisms: revisiting evidence from framing experiments. Polit Anal. 2013;21(2):141-171.
    • (2013) Polit Anal. , vol.21 , Issue.2 , pp. 141-171
    • Imai, K.1    Yamamoto, T.2
  • 65
    • 84875577737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cohort profile: The 'children of the 90s'-the index offspring of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children
    • Boyd A, Golding J, Macleod J, et al. Cohort profile: the 'children of the 90s'-the index offspring of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Int J Epidemiol. 2013;42(1):111-127.
    • (2013) Int J Epidemiol. , vol.42 , Issue.1 , pp. 111-127
    • Boyd, A.1    Golding, J.2    Macleod, J.3
  • 66
    • 84898774469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequency and patterns of eating disorder symptoms in early adolescence
    • Micali N, Ploubidis G, De Stavola B, et al. Frequency and patterns of eating disorder symptoms in early adolescence. J Adolesc Health. 2014;54(5):574-581.
    • (2014) J Adolesc Health. , vol.54 , Issue.5 , pp. 574-581
    • Micali, N.1    Ploubidis, G.2    De Stavola, B.3
  • 68
    • 84867515829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (Harvard University Biostatistics Working Paper no. 139). Berkeley, CA: Collection of Biostatistics Research Archive, Berkeley Electronic Press Accessed November 19, 2014
    • Tchetgen Tchetgen EJ. Formulae for causal mediation analysis in an odds ratio context without a normality assumption for the continuous mediator. (Harvard University Biostatistics Working Paper no. 139). Berkeley, CA: Collection of Biostatistics Research Archive, Berkeley Electronic Press; 2012. http://biostats.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi? article=1147&context=harvardbiostat. Accessed November 19, 2014.
    • (2012) Formulae for Causal Mediation Analysis in An Odds Ratio Context Without A Normality Assumption for the Continuous Mediator
    • Tchetgen Tchetgen, E.J.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.