World of Faith and Freedom: Why International Religious Liberty Is Vital to American National Security

World of Faith and Freedom: Why International Religious Liberty Is Vital to American National Security

Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages 1-368

  Farr, Thomas F ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

China; Democratization; International order; Islam; Political theology; Religious actors; Religious freedom; Religious persecution

Indexed keywords

EID: 84922435258     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195179958.001.0001     Document Type: Book

References (289)

1. Chas. W. Freeman. Jr., The Diplomat's Dictionary (Washington, D.C.:National Defense University Press, 1994), 183.
2. Lawrence Harrison, The Central Liberal Truth (New York:Oxford University Press, 2007), 6-7.
3. Mary Habeck, Knowing the Enemy: Jihadist Ideology and the War on Terror (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2006), 7.
4. Owen Chadwick, The Secularization of the European Mind in the 19th Century (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990), 10.
5. Edward Luttwak, "The Missing Dimension," in Douglas Johnston and Cynthia Sampson, eds., Religion, the Missing Dimension of Statecraft (New York: Oxford University Press, 1994), 12.
6. James E. Bill, The Lion and the Eagle: the Tragedy of American-Iranian Relations (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1988), 403.
7. Vali Nasr, The Shia Revival: How Conflicts within Islam Will Shape the Future (New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2006), 217.
8. Barry Rubin, "Religion and International Affairs," in Johnston and Sampson, 33.
9. Stanton Burnett, "Implications for the Foreign Policy Community," in Johnston and Sampson, 289.
10. George Weigel, The Final Revolution: The Resistance Church and the Collapse of Communism (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992), 140.
11. Daniel Philpott, "The Catholic Wave," Journal of Democracy (April 2004), 32-46.
12. Robert D. Woodberry and Timothy S. Shah, "The Pioneering Protestants," in Larry Diamond, et al., eds., World Religions and Democracy (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005), 117-131.
13. Douglas Johnston, ed., Faith-Based Diplomacy: Trumping Realpolitik (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003), 3.
14. Peter L. Berger, ed., The Desecularization of the World: Resurgent Religion and World Politics (Washington, D.C.: Ethics and Public Policy Center, 1999), 2, 9-10.
15. Jose Casanova, Public Religions in the Modern World (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1994);.
16. David Martin, A General Theory of Secularization (New York: Harper and Row Publishers, 1978).
17. Harvey Cox, The Secular City: Secularization and Urbanization in Theological Perspective (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1965).
18. Christian Smith, ed., The Secular Revolution: Power, Interests, and Conflict in the Secularization of American Public Life (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003).
19. Daniel Philpott, "The Challenge of September 11 to Secularism in International Relations," World Politics (October 2002), 67.
20. Scott M. Thomas, The Global Resurgence of Religion and the Transformation of International Relations: The Struggle for the Soul of the 21st Century (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005), 10.
21. Jonathan Fox and Shmuel Sandler, Bringing Religion into International Relations (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004), 2.
22. Ted G. Jelen and Clyde Wilcox, eds., Religion and Politics in Comparative Perspective: The One, the Few, and the Many (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002).
23. Timothy Samuel Shah and Monica Duffy Toft, "God is Winning," Foreign Policy (2006), 39-43.
24. Philip Jenkins, "The Next Christianity," Atlantic Monthly (October 2002). Accessed at http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200210/jenkins.
25. Abdolkarim Soroush, Reason, Freedom and Democracy in Islam: Essential Writings of Abdolkarim Soroush (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000).
26. Vali Nasr, The Shia Revival: How Conflicts Within Islam Will Shape the Future (New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2006).
27. Marc Gopin, Between Eden and Armageddon: The Future of World Religions, Violence and Peacemaking (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002);.
28. Marc Gopin, Holy War, Holy Peace (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002);.
29. Mohammed Abu-Nimer, Nonviolence and Peace Building in Islam (Gainsville: University of Florida Press, 2003).
30. Philip Jenkins, The Next Christendom: The Coming of Global Christianity (New York: Oxford University Press, 2002).
31. George Weigel, Freedom and Its Discontents: Catholicism Confronts Modernity (Washington, D.C.: Ethics and Public Policy Center, 1991), 25-50.
32. Todd M. Johnston and David B. Barrett, "Quantifying Alternate Futures of Religion and Religions," Futures 36 (2004), 947.
33. T. Jeremy Gunn, "The United States and the Promotion of Religion and Belief," in Tore Lindholm, W. Cole Durham, Jr., Bahia G. Tahizib-Lie, eds., Facilitating Freedom of Religion or Belief: A Deskbook (Koninklijke Brill, NV: Martinus Nijhoff, 2004), 723-28.
34. Samuel Huntington, "Religious Persecution and Religious Relevance in Today's World," in Elliott Abrams, ed., The Influence of Faith: Religious Groups and U.S. Foreign Policy (Lanham, Md.: Rowman and Littlefield, 2001), 58.
35. J. Bryan Hehir, "Religious Freedom and U.S. Foreign Policy: Categories and Choices," in Abrams, The Influence of Faith: Religious Groups and U.S. Foreign Policy, 36.
36. Bernard Lewis, The Crisis of Islam: Holy War and Unholy Terror (New York: The Modern Library, 2003), xxiv.
37. Ian Kershaw, Hitler: 1889-1936-Hubris (New York: Norton and Co., 1998), 244;.
38. Robert Payne, The Life and Death of Adolf Hitler (New York:Praeger Publishers, 1973), 197.
39. Daniel Benjamin and Steven Simon, The Age of Sacred Terror (New York: Random House, 2002), 219-255.
40. David E. Kaplan, "Of Jihad, Networks and the War of Ideas," June 22, 2006. Accessed at www.usnews.com/usnews/news/articles/060622/22natsec.htm.
41. Wilfred M. McClay, "The Soul of a Nation," Public Interest (Spring 2004), 5.
42. Robert Satloff, U.S. Policy Toward Islamism: A Theoretical and Operational Overview (New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 2000), 1-2.
43. Richard John Neuhaus, "The Two-Hundred-Year War," First Things (April 2006), 63-67.
44. Ximena Ortiz, "Geopolitical Jihad," National Interest (Spring 2006), 6.
45. Nicholas Kristof, "Believe It or Not," New York Times, August 15, 2003.
46. John Rawls, A Theory of Justice-Revised Edition (Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknap Press, 1999).
47. Michael Dorf, "In Praise of John Rawls, the Man Who Made Moral Philosophy Respectable Again-And Whose Views Also Profoundly Informed American Legal Thought," accessed at http://writ.news.findlaw.com/dorf/20021211.html.
48. Alfred Stepan, "Religion, Democracy and the 'Twin Tolerations,'" in Larry Diamond, et al., eds., World Religions and Democracy (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005), 11.
49. Robert P. George, "Public Morality, Public Reason," First Things, November 2006, 21-26.
50. Daniel Philpott, "Explaining the Political Ambivalence of Religion," American Political Science Review (August, 2007), 505-525;.
51. Timothy Samuel Shah, "For the Sake of Conscience: Some Evangelical Views of the State," forthcoming in Sandra Joireman, ed., Christian Perspectives on the State (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009).
52. Robert P. George and William L. Saunders, Jr. "Dignitatis Humanae:The Freedom of the Church and the Responsibility of the State," in Kenneth Grasso and Robert P. Hunt, eds., Catholicism and Religious Freedom:Contemporary Reflections on Vatican II's Declaration on Religious Liberty (New York: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2006), 4-5.
53. Louis Wilken, "Augustine's Enduring Legacy," The Bradley Lecture (Washington, D.C.), January 9, 2006. Accessed at www.aei.org.
54. Peter Gay, The Enlightenment: An Interpretation-The Rise of Modern Paganism (New York: Vintage Books, 1966), 207.
55. Paul Hazard, The European Mind, 1680-1715 (Cleveland: Meridian Books, 1968).
56. Frederick B. Artz, The Enlightenment in France (Kent, Ohio:The Kent State University Press, 1968), 30.
57. Gertrude Himmelfarb, The Roads to Modernity: The British, French and American Enlightenments (New York: Knopf, 2004), 4.
58. Carl Becker, The Heavenly City of the Eighteenth-Century Philosophers (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1965), 15.
59. Rodney Stark, The Victory of Reason: How Christianity Led to Freedom, Capitalism and Western Success (New York: Random House, 2005), 6.
60. John Finnis, "Religion and State: Some Main Issues and Sources," in C. S. Titus, ed., God, Religion, and Civil Governance (Arlington, Va.: The Institute for the Psychological Sciences, forthcoming).
61. Alasdair McIntyre, Whose Justice, Which Rationality?; (Notre Dame: The University of Notre Dame Press, 1988).
62. James E. Bill, The Lion and the Eagle: the Tragedy of American-Iranian Relations (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1988), 403.
63. Thomas F. Farr, "Overcoming the Cyprus Tragedy: Let Cypriots Be Cypriot," Mediterranean Quarterly (Fall 1997), especially 51, 60.
64. Robert George, Making Men Moral (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995);.
65. Keith J. Pavlischek, "Questioning the New Natural Law Theory: The Case of Religious Liberty as Defended by Robert P. George in Making Men Moral," in Kenneth L. Grasso and Robert P. Hunt, eds., A Moral Enterprise:Politics, Reason and the Common Good (Wilmington, Del.: ISI Books, 2002);.
66. Christopher Wolfe, Natural Law Liberalism (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006);.
67. George Weigel, Freedom and Its Discontents: Catholicism Confronts Modernity (Washington, D.C.: Ethics and Public Policy Center, 1991).
68. Francis Fukuyama, The End of History and the Last Man (New York:Avon Books, 1992), 211.
69. Robert W. Hefner, "Muslim Democrats and Islamist Violence in Post-Soeharto Indonesia," in Hefner, ed., Remaking Muslim Politics: Pluralism, Contestation, Democratization (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2005), 273-301.
70. Paul Kengor, "What Bush Believes," New York Times, October 18, 2004.
71. Wilfred M. McClay, "Bush's Calling," Commentary, June 2005, 49-53.
72. David Aikman, A Man of Faith: The Spiritual Journey of George W. Bush (Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 2004).
73. David Jones, "The Joy of Sects: Religious Freedom Reporting," Foreign Service Journal (January 2001), 26.
74. Jeremy M. Sharp, U.S. Democracy Promotion in the Middle East: The Islamist Dilemma (Washington, D.C.: The Congressional Research Service, June 15, 2006), 10;.
75. David E. Kaplan, "Hearts, Minds and Dollars," U.S. News and World Report, April 25, 2005;.
76. Todd M. Johnston and David B. Barrett, "Quantifying Alternate Futures of Religion and Religions," Futures 36 (2004), 947-960.
77. Brian J. Grim, "The Social and Political Impact of Religious Freedom Worldwide," a paper presented to a Georgetown University symposium on U.S. IRF policy, February 25, 2008.
78. Grim and Roger Finke, "Religious Persecution in Cross-National Context: Clashing Civilzations or Regulated Religious Economies," American Sociological Review 72:4 (2007).
79. John Courtney Murray, S.J., We Hold These Truths: Catholic Reflections on the American Proposition (New York: Sheed and Ward, 1960);.
80. Robert George, Making Men Moral (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995);.
81. Keith J. Pavlischek, "Questioning the New Natural Law Theory: The Case of Religious Liberty as Defended by Robert P. George in Making Men Moral," in Kenneth L. Grasso and Robert P. Hunt, eds., A Moral Enterprise:Politics, Reason and the Common Good (Wilmington, Del.: ISI Books, 2002);.
82. Christopher Wolfe, Natural Law Liberalism (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006);.
83. George Weigel, Freedom and Its Discontents: Catholicism Confronts Modernity (Washington, D.C.: Ethics and Public Policy Center, 1991).
84. James A. Bill and John Alden Williams, Roman Catholics and Shi'i Muslims: Prayer, Passion and Politics (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2002), 17-20.
85. Michael J. Sandel, "Freedom of Conscience or Freedom of Choice," in James Davison Hunter and Os Guinness, eds., Articles of Faith, Articles of Peace: The Religious Liberty Clauses and the American Public Philosophy (Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution, 1990), 74-92.
86. William James, The Varieties of Religious Experience (New York: Mentor Books, 1958).
87. Huston Smith, The Religions of Man (New York: Harper Colophon Books, 1958).
88. Jude P. Dougherty, The Logic of Religion (Washington, D.C.:The Catholic University Press, 2003).
89. T. Jeremy Gunn, "The Complexity of Religion and the Definition of 'Religion' in International Law," Harvard Human Rights Journal 16 (2003), 189-215.
90. Richard Dawkins, The God Delusion (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2006);.
91. Christopher Hitchens, God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything (New York: Hachette Book Group, 2007).
92. Olivier Roy, "Liberte, Egalite, Laicite?," The American Interest (Jan-Feb 2007), 130.
93. Vali Nasr, "The Rise of Muslim Democracy," Journal of Democracy (April 2005), 13-27.
94. Vali Nasr, The Shia Revival: How Conflicts within Islam Will Shape the Future (New York: W. W. Norton, 2006), 119-145.
95. Mary Habeck, Knowing the Enemy:Jihadist Ideology and the War on Terror (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006), 22-26, 37-39, 57-69.
96. Thomas Donnelly, "A Question of Faith: Conflicts Driven by Religion Can Be Long and Bitter," American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, December 27, 2006. Available at www.aei.org.
97. Vali Nasr, "When the Shiites Rise," Foreign Affairs, July/August 2006, 58-74;.
98. Gal Luft and Anne Korin, "Islam's Divide-And Us," Commentary (July-August), 2007, 41-45.
99. Richard A. Clarke, ed., Defeating the Jihadists: A Blueprint for Action (New York: The Century Foundation, 2006), esp. chapter 3.
100. Graham Fuller, The Future of Political Islam (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003), xi-xii.
101. David Ignatius, "Baker Hamilton Does Its Job," The Washington Post, December 7, 2006, A31.
102. Bernard Lewis, The Crisis of Islam: Holy War and Unholy Terror (New York: The Modern Library, 2003), 15-16.
103. David Ignatius, "Wise Advice: Listen, and Engage," Washington Post, June 24, 2007, B7.
104. David B. Rivkin Jr., "Diplomacy in the Post-9/11 Era," Wall Street Journal, November 17-18, 2007, A11.
105. Bernard Lewis, "The Roots of Muslim Rage," The Atlantic Monthly, September 1990.
106. Cheryl Benard, Civil Democratic Islam: Partners, Resources and Strategies (Santa Monica: The RAND Corporation, 2003);.
107. Angel Rabasa, et al., The Muslims World After 9/11 (Santa Monica: RAND, 2004);.
108. Angel Rabasa, et al., Building Moderate Muslim Networks (Santa Monica: RAND, 2007).
109. Robert Spencer, Islam Unveiled: Disturbing Questions About the World's Fastest-Growing Faith (San Francisco: Encounter Books, 2002), 109.
110. Mustafa Akyol, "Render Under Ataturk," First Things (March 2007), 16.
111. Michael Rubin, "Turkey's Putin Deserves to Go," Wall Street Journal, June 6, 2008, A15.
112. Daniel Philpott, "Explaining the Political Ambivalence of Religion," American Political Science Review (August, 2007), 505-525.
113. Daniel J. Mahoney, "Conservatism, Democracy and Foreign Policy," The Intercollegiate Review (Fall 2006), 11-12.
114. John Finnis, "Religion and State: Some Main Issues and Sources," in C. S. Titus, ed., God, Religion, and Civil Governance (Arlington, Va.: The Institute for the Psychological Sciences, forthcoming).
115. Michael Novak, On Two Wings: Humble Faith and Common Sense in the American Founding, expanded edition. (San Francisco: Encounter Books, 2002), 8-13.
116. Daniel Philpott, "Explaining the Political Ambivalence of Religion," American Political Science Review (August 2007), 505-525.
117. Arch Puddington, "The 2006 Freedom House Survey: The Pushback Against Democracy," Journal of Democracy (April 2007), 135-137.
118. Samuel P. Huntington, The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1991), 16-21.
119. Robert A. Dahl, On Democracy (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1998), 145-146.
120. Michael E. Brown, et al., eds., Debating the Democratic Peace (Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press, 1996).
121. Fareed Zakaria, The Future of Freedom: Illiberal Democracy at Home and Abroad (New York: Norton, 2003).
122. Daniel Brumberg, "Beyond Liberalization?" The Wilson Quarterly (Spring 2004).
123. George Packer, The Assassin's Gate: America in Iraq (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2005), 137-139.
124. Yochi J. Dreazen, "New Rebuilding Plan in Iraq Stirs Debate About Tactics," Wall Street Journal, April 19, 2007, A1.
125. Gary Rosen, ed., The Right War? The Conservative Debate On Iraq (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005).
126. Joseph S. Nye, Jr., "Transformational Leadership and U.S. Grand Strategy," Foreign Affairs (July/August, 2006), 139.
127. Francis Fukuyama, America at the Crossroads, 46.
128. Zbigniew Brzezinski, "Terrorized by 'War on Terror,'" Washington Post, March 25, 2007, B1.
129. Gregory Gause, "Can Democracy Stop Terrorism?" Foreign Affairs (September/October 2005), 62-76.
130. Steven R. Weisman, "Democracy Push by Bush Attracts Doubters in Party," New York Times, March 17, 2006, A1.
131. Peter Beinhard, "The Rehabilitation of the Cold-War Liberal, New York Times Magazine, April 30, 2006.
132. Peter Beinhart, The Good Fight: Why Liberals-and Only Liberals-Can Win the War on Terror and Make America Great Again (New York:HarperCollins, 2006), 198-199.
133. Kevin Seamus Hasson, The Right to Be Wrong: Ending the Culture War over Religion in America (San Francisco:Encounter Books, 2005), 76-77, 83-93.
134. James R. Stoner, "Is There a Political Philosophy in the Declaration of Independence?," The Intercollegiate Review (Fall/Winter 2005), 5;.
135. Michael Novak, On Two Wings: Humble Faith and Common Sense at the American Founding, expanded edition (San Francisco:Encounter Books, 2002), 33.
136. Michael Novak, On Two Wings, 58-59.
137. John T. Noonan, The Lustre of Our Country:The American Experience of Religious Freedom (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998), 61-91;.
138. James T. Hutson, Religion and the Founding of the American Republic (Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1998), 70-76;.
139. Philip Hamburger, Separation of Church and State (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2002), 105-106, 165-166, 181-185;.
140. Walter Berns, "Religion and the Founding Principle," in Robert H. Horwitz, ed., The Moral Foundations of the American Republic, 3rd ed. (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1987).
141. Gerald P. Fogarty, S.J., The Vatican and the American Hierarchy from 1870 to 1965 (Wilmington, Del.: Michael Glazier, Inc., 1985), 40-41, 154-155.
142. James P. Moore, Jr., One Nation Under God: The History of Prayer in America (New York: Doubleday, 2005).
143. Lawrence E. Harrison, The Central Liberal Truth: How Politics Can Change a Culture and Save It from Itself (New York: Oxford University Press, 2006), 92-94.
144. Alfred Stepan, "Religion, Democracy and the 'Twin Tolerations,'" in Larry Diamond, et al., eds., World Religions and Democracy (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005), 10.
145. Stark, The Victory of Reason, 197-199.
146. Michael J. Sandel, "Freedom of Conscience or Freedom of Choice," in James Davison Hunter and Os Guinness, eds., Articles of Faith, Articles of Peace: The Religious Liberty Clauses and the American Public Philosophy (Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution, 1990), 74-92.
147. Robert D. Woodberry and Timothy S. Shah, "The Pioneering Protestants," in Larry Diamond, et al., World Religions and Democracy, 119.
148. Francis Fukuyama, Trust: The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity (New York: The Free Press, 1995);.
149. Robert D. Putnam, Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2000), 65-79.
150. Corwin Smidt, ed., Religion as Social Capital: Producing the Common Good (Waco, Tex.: Baylor University Press, 2003).
151. Robert D. Woodberry, "Researching Spiritual Capital: Promises and Pitfalls," a paper delivered to a Forum on Spiritual Capital, January 14, 2005.
152. Richard Madsen, China's Catholics: Tragedy and Hope in an Emerging Civil Society (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998), 135.
153. Harrison, The Central Liberal Truth, 145-147.
154. Robert W. Hefner, "Muslim Democrats and Islamist Violence in Post-Soeharto Indonesia," in Hefner, ed., Remaking Muslim Politics: Pluralism, Contestation, Democratization (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2005), 273-301.
155. Abdullah Ahmed An-Naim, Toward an Islamic Reformation: Civil Liberties, Human Rights and International Law (Syracuse:Syracuse University Press, 1996).
156. Khaled Abou El Fadl, The Great Theft: Wrestling Islam from the Extremists (San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 2005), 22.
157. Jose Cassanova, "Civil Society and Religion: Retrospective Reflections on Catholicism and Prospective Reflections on Islam," Social Research (Winter 2001), 16.
158. Daniel Philpott, Revolutions in Sovereignty: How Ideas Shaped Modern International Relations (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001).
159. Max Weber, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, trans. Talcott Parsons (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1958).
160. Peter Berger, "Christianity: The Global Picture," in Diamond, et al., World Religions and Democracy, 146-150.
161. Philip Costopoulos, "Introduction," in Diamond, et al., World Religions and Democracy, xix.
162. George Weigel, Witness to Hope: The Biography of Pope John Paul II (New York: HarperCollins Publishers, Inc., 1999), 531.
163. George Weigel, Freedom and Its Discontents: Catholicism Confronts Modernity (Washington, D.C.: Ethics and Public Policy Center, 1991), 12.
164. Brian Tierney, The Idea of Natural Rights: Studies on Natural Rights, Natural Law, and Church Law, 1150-1625 (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans, 1997), 36.
165. Henry Kammen, The Spanish Inquisition: A Historical Revision (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997).
166. Edward Peters, Inquisition (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998).
167. Brian Tierney, The Idea of Natural Rights, 36-37.
168. Thomas F. Farr, "Religious Realism in Foreign Policy: Lessons from Vatican II," Review of Faith and International Affairs (Winter 2005-2006), 25-34.
169. Walter Isaacson, Benjamin Franklin: An American Life (New York:Simon and Schuster, 2003), 459.
170. Samuel Huntington, The Clash of Civilization and the Remaking of World Order (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1996), 231.
171. Mary Craig, Tears of Blood: A Cry for Tibet (Washington, D.C.:Counterpoint, 1999), 287.
172. David S. Landes, The Wealth and Poverty of Nations: Why Some Are So Rich and Some So Poor (New York: W.W. Norton and Co., 1999), 478.
173. Zheng Bijian, "China's 'Peaceful Rise' to Great-Power Status," Foreign Affairs (September?October 2005), 18-24.
174. Ross Terrill, "China Is Not Just Rising, but Also Changing," New York Times, September 9, 2006, A27.
175. Edward Cody, "Poll Finds Surge of Religion Among Chinese," Washington Post, February 8, 2007, A15.
176. Thomas L. Friedman, "How to Look at China," New York Times, November 9, 2005, A27.
177. Guy Sorman, "The Truth About China," Wall Street Journal, April 20, 2007, A15.
178. David Aikman, Jesus in Beijing: How Christianity Is Transforming China and Changing the Global Balance of Power (Washington: Regnery Publishing, Inc., 2003), 285.
179. Craig, Tears of Blood, 333-341.
180. Dru C. Gladney, Muslim Chinese: Ethnic Nationalism in the People's Republic (Cambridge: Council on East Asian Studies, Harvard University, 1991).
181. Stephen Schwartz, "Beleaguered Uighurs," The Weekly Standard, June 21, 2004, 16-17.
182. Jean-Paul Wiest, "Setting Roots: The Catholic Church in China to 1949," in Jason Kindrop and Carol Lee Hamrin, eds., God and Caesar in China:Policy Implications of Church-State Tensions (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2004), 83.
183. Daniel H. Bays, "A Tradition of State Dominance," in Jason Kindopp and Carol Lee Hamrin, eds., God and Caesar in China: Policy Implications of Church-State Tensions (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2004), 28-26.
184. M. A. Thiessen, "A Tale of Two Bishops," Crisis (February, 2002), 13-19.
185. Lawrence Harrison, The Central Liberal Truth, 44.
186. Ellen S. Reinstein, "Turn the Other Cheek or Demand an Eye for an Eye= Religious Persecution in China and an Effective Western Response," Connecticut Journal of International Law (Fall 2004), 7-8.
187. Philip Jenkins, "The Politics of Persecuted Religious Minorities," in Robert A. Seiple and Dennis R. Hoover, eds., Religion and Security: the New Nexus in International Relations (Lanham, Md.: Roman and Littlefield, 2004), 25-36.
188. Brian Grim and Roger Finke, "Religious Persecution in Cross-National Context: Clashing Civilzations or Regulated Religious Economies," American Sociological Review 72:4 (2007).
189. Francis Fukuyama, Trust: The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity (New York: The Free Press, 1995), 16-17.
190. Zheng Bijian, "China's Peaceful Rise," 20.
191. Carol Lee Hamrin, "A New Framework for Promoting Religious Freedom in China," 3-10.
192. David Aikman, Jesus in Beijing (Regnery, 2003), 181.
193. Michael Wolfe, ed., One Thousand Roads to Mecca: Ten Centuries of Travelers Writing about the Muslim Pilgrimage (New York: Grove Press, 1997), xvii.
194. Lawrence Wright, The Looming Tower: Al-Qaeda and the Road to 9/11 (New York, Alfred A. Knopf, 2006), 65-67.
195. Hamid Algar, Wahhabism: A Critical Essay (Oneonta, N.Y.: Islamic Publications International, 2002), 27.
196. Bernard Lewis, The Crisis of Islam: Holy War and Unholy Terror (New York: The Modern Library, 2003), 76-81.
197. David Cook, Understanding Jihad (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005).
198. Michael Bonner, Jihad in Islamic History: Doctrines and Practice (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2006).
199. Dria Davis, "Elian, Here is My Story," Wall Street Journal, January 28, 2000.
200. Patricia Roush, At Any Price: How America Betrayed My Kidnapped Daughters for Saudi Oil (Nashville: Thomas Nelson, Inc., 2003).
201. Abou El Fadl, The Great Theft, 250-255.
202. Bertram Wallace Korn, The American Reaction to the Mortara Case: 1858-1859 (Philadelphia, Pa.: American Jewish Archives, 1957).
203. David I. Kertzer, The Kidnapping of Edgaro Morara (New York: Knopf, 1997).
204. Robert D. Kaplan, "Interventionism's Realistic Future," Washington Post, November 22, 2006, A21.
205. George Weigel, "Symposium on the Bush Doctrine," Commentary (November 2005), 65.
206. Michael Rubin, "Rumsfeld and the Realists," Wall Street Journal, November 13, 2006, A16.
207. Daniel Philpott, Revolutions in Sovereignty: How Ideas Shaped International Relations (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2001), 64.
208. Gary Rosen, "Bush and the Realists," Commentary (September 2005), 31-32.
209. Henry A. Kissinger, "Realists vs. Idealists," International Herald Tribune, May 12, 2005, accessed at www.iht.com/bin/print_ipub.php?file=/articles/2005/05/11/opinion.
210. Jeffrey Goldberg, "Breaking Ranks," The New Yorker, October 31, 2005, accessed at www.newyorker.com/printables/fact/0510313fa_fact2.
211. Daniel Philpott, "The Challenge of September 11 to Secularism in International Relations," World Politics (October 2002), 66, 72.
212. Robert F. Ellsworth and Dimitri K. Simes, "Realism's Shining Morality: The Post-Election Trajectory of U.S. Foreign Policy," The National Interest (Winter 2004-2005), 5-10.
213. Henry A. Kissinger, "Implementing Bush's Vision," Washington Post, oped, May 16, 2005.
214. Henry Kissinger, "Implementing Bush's Vision," Washington Post, op-ed, May 16, 2005.
215. Robert F. Ellsworth and Dimitri K. Simes, "Realism's Shining Morality:The Post-Election Trajectory of U.S. Foreign Policy," The National Interest (Winter 2004-2005), 5-10.
216. Richard Haass, The Opportunity: America's Moment to Alter History's Course (New York: Public Affairs, 2005).
217. Kevin Phillips, American Theocracy: The Peril and Politics of Radical Religion, Oil and Borrowed Money in the 21st Century (New York: Viking, 2006);.
218. James Rudin, The Baptizing of America: The Religious Right's Plans for the Rest of Us (New York: Thunder's Mouth Press, 2006);.
219. Michelle Goldberg, Kingdom Coming: The Rise of Christian Nationalism (New York: W.W. Norton, 2006);.
220. Randall Balmer, Thy Kingdom Come: How the Religious Right Distorts the Faith and Threatens America: An Evangelical's Lament (New York: Basic Books, 2006);.
221. Damon Linker, The Theocons: Secular America Under Siege (New York: Doubleday, 2006).
222. Ronald Inglehart and Pippa Norris, "The True Clash of Civilizations," Foreign Policy (March/April 2003), 63-70.
223. Lawrence Harrison, The Central Liberal Truth (New York: Oxford University Press, 2007), 96.
224. Michael J. Sandel, "Freedom of Conscience or Freedom of Choice," in James David Hunter and Os Guinness, eds., Articles of Faith, Articles of Peace: The Religious Liberty Clauses and the American Public Philosophy (Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution, 1990), 75.
225. Christina Hoff Sommers, "The Subjection of Islamic Women," Weekly Standard, May 21, 2007, 18-19.
226. Lawrence A. Uzzell, "Religious Human Rights Discrimination" The Public Justice Report, July 2005, accessed at www.cpjustic.org.
227. Jean-Paul Marthoz and Joseph Saunders, "Religion and the Human Rights Movement," accessed at http://hrw.org/wr2k5/religion/1.htm.
228. Harold Hongju Koh and Ronald C. Slye, Deliberative Democracy and Human Rights (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999).
229. Joshua Muravchik, "Can the Neocons Get Their Groove Back?," Washington Post, November 19, 2006, B3.
230. Robert P. George, The Clash of Orthodoxies: Law, Religion and Morality in Crisis (Wilmington, Del.: ISI Books, 2001), esp. 153-168.
231. George Weigel, Tranquilitas Ordinis: The Present Failure and Future Promise of American Catholic Thought on War and Peace (New York: Oxford University Press, 1987);.
232. George Weigel, The Final Revolution, 77-102.
233. Francis Fukuyama, America at the Crossroads: Democracy, Power and the Neoconservative Legacy (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006), 116.
234. Andrew J. Bacevich, First Things (March 1998), 24-25.
235. Larry Diamond, Squandered Victory: The American Occupation and the Bungled Effort to Bring Democracy to Iraq (New York: Times Books, 2005);.
236. Michael Gordon and Bernard Trainor, Cobra II: The Inside Story of the Invasion and Occupation of Iraq (New York: Pantheon, 2006);.
237. David L. Phillips, Losing Iraq: Inside the Postwar Reconstruction Fiasco (New York: Westview Press, 2006);.
238. George Packer, The Assassin's Gate: America in Iraq (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2005).
239. Reuel Marc Gerecht, "Mirror-Imaging the Mullahs: Our Islamic Interlocutors." Accessed at www.aei.org.
240. Noah Feldman, "Imposed Constitutionalism," Connecticut Law Review (Summer 2005), 866.
241. Richard John Neuhaus, The Naked Public Square:Religion and Democracy in America, 2nd ed. (Grand Rapids, Mich.: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1987);.
242. Michael Novak, On Two Wings:Humble Faith and Common Sense in the American Founding, expanded edition (San Francisco: Encounter Books, 2002;.
243. George Weigel, Freedom and Its Discontents: Catholicism Confronts Modernity (Washington, D.C.: Ethics and Public Policy Center, 1991).
244. George Weigel, Idealism without Illusions: U.S. Foreign Policy in the 1990s (Washington, D.C.: Ethics and Public Policy Center, 1994), 189.
245. George Weigel, "Just War and Iraq Wars," First Things (April 2007), 14-20.
246. George Weigel, Faith, Reason, and the War Against Jihadism: A Call to Action (New York: Doubleday, 2007), 85.
247. Francis Fukuyama, The End of History and the Last Man (New York:Avon Books, 1992), 211.
248. George Packer, The Assassin's Gate, 54-56.
249. James Q. Wilson, "The Reform Islam Needs," Wall Street Journal, November 13, 2002, accessed at www.opinionjournal.com/extra/?id=110002613.
250. Andrew J. Bacevich and Elizabeth H, Prodomou, "God Is Not Neutral: Religion and U.S. Foreign Policy After 9/11," Orbis (Winter 2004), 43-53.
251. Jim Hoagland, "Diminishing the U.S. Footprint," Washington Post, March 13, 2006, B7.
252. Allen D. Hertzke, Freeing God's Children: The Unlikely Alliance for Global Human Rights (Lanham, Md.: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2004), 234.
253. Thomas F. Farr, "Overcoming the Cyprus Tragedy: Let Cypriots Be Cypriot," Mediterranean Quarterly (Fall 1997), especially 51, 60.
254. Jeffrey Goldberg, "Washington Discovers Christian Persecution," The New York Times, December 21, 1997.
255. John Shattuck, "Religion, Rights and Terrorism," Harvard Human Rights Journal (Spring, 2003), 183-188.
256. Jean-Paul Marthoz and Joseph Saunders, "Religion and the Human Rights Movement," accessed at http://hrw.org/wr2k5/religion/1.htm.
257. Michael Cromartie, "The Jew Who Is Saving Christians," Christianity Today, March 1, 1999.
258. Gregory J. Moore, Human Rights and United States Policy Toward China from a Christian Perspective (Wynnewood, Pa.: Crossroads, 1999).
259. Sandy Berger, "Wrong Approach to Religious Freedom," Washington Post, May 14, 1998, A23.
260. William Martin, "With God on Their Side," Georgetown Journal of International Affairs (Winter?Spring), 2000, 10.
261. "News Release," Office of Senator James Inhofe, May 20, 1997.
262. Rosalind I.J. Hackett, Mark Silk, and Dennis Hoover, eds., Religious Persecution as a U.S. Policy Issue (Hartford, Conn.: Center for the Study of Religion in Public Life, 2000), 8-9.
263. Hertzke, Freeing God's Children, 211.
264. Hertzke, Freeing God's Children, 231-233.
265. Nina Shea, In the Lion's Den: A Shocking Account of Persecution and Martyrdom of Christians Today and How We Should Respond (Nashville, Tenn.: Broadman and Holman, 1997);.
266. Paul Marshall, with Lela Gilbert, Their Blood Cries Out: The Untold Story of Persecution Against Christians in the Modern World (Dallas, Tex.: Word, 1997).
267. Horowitz, "New Intolerance Between Crescent and Cross," Wall Street Journal, July 5, 1995.
268. Nina Shea, "Terror Against the Church," Crisis (March 1997), 18-20.
269. Nina Shea, "Terror Against the Church," Crisis (March 1997), 19.
270. Jeanne Kirkpatrick, "Human Rights and Foreign Policy," in Human Rights and American Foreign Policy (Gambier: Public Affairs Conference Center, 1982), 1-11.
271. Hertzke, Freeing God's Children, 99-101.
272. Steven A. Holmes, "G.O.P Leaders Back Bill on Religious Persecution," New York Times, September 11, 1997, A3.
273. Stephen Rickard, "Religion and Global Affairs:Repression and Response," SAIS Review (Summer/Fall), 1998, 56.
274. David Little, "Does the Human Right to Freedom of Conscience, Religion and Belief Have Special Status" Brigham Young University Law Review, 2001.
275. Noah Feldman, "Imposed Constitutionalism," Connecticut Law Review (Summer 2005).
276. George Weigel, "What Really Happened at Cairo," First Things (February 1995), 24-31.
277. Al Kammen, "In the Loop," Washington Post, May 2, 2001.
278. David Aikman, Great Souls: Six Who Changed the Century (Nashville, Tenn.: Word Publishing, 1998).
279. David Jones, "The Joy of Sects: Religious Freedom Reporting," Foreign Service Journal (January 2001), 28.
280. Tina Rosenberg, "John Kamm's Third Way," The New York Times Magazine, March 3, 2002, 58-63; 81.
281. Ann Noonan, "Blind Faith: Is the State Department Soft on China?," National Review Online, October 25, 2005.
282. Nailene Chou Wiest, "Reform of Religious Policy Is on the Agenda," South China Morning Post, December 17, 2002.
283. John Pomfret, "Protestantism Rise in the Land of Mao," Washington Post, December 24, 2002, A1.
284. Natan Sharansky, with Ron Dermer, The Case for Democracy: The Power of Freedom to Overcome Tyranny and Terror (New York: Public Affairs, 2004), 138-139.
285. Robert Seiple, "Religious Liberty: How Are We Doing?" Christianity Today, October 10, 2001. Accessed at www.christianitytoday.com/global/ph.cgi?/ct/2001/013/12.98.html.
286. Michael Horowitz, "Cry Freedom: Forget 'Quiet Diplomacy'-It Doesn't Work," Christianity Today. Accessed at www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2003/003/6.46.html.
287. Allen Hertzke, Saving God's Children: The Unlikely Alliance for Global Human Rights (Lanham, Md.: Rowman and Littlefield, 2004), 231, 233, 379 (footnote 107).
288. Robert Seiple, "The Light of Religious Freedom," The Washington Times, December 24, 1998, A17.
289. Robert Seiple, "Speaking Out: The USCIRF is Only Cursing the Darkness," Christianity Today, October 16, 2002.