Tiotropium versus placebo for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

Volumn 2014, Issue 7, 2014, Pages

  Karner, Charlotta ^a   Chong, Jimmy ^b   Poole, Phillippa ^b  

^a BMJ TAG ^*  (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF AUCKLAND   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

TIOTROPIUM BROMIDE; BRONCHODILATING AGENT; CHOLINERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; SCOPOLAMINE DERIVATIVE;

CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASE; DETERIORATION; DISEASE EXACERBATION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG SAFETY; FORCED EXPIRATORY VOLUME; HOSPITAL ADMISSION; HUMAN; INTENTION TO TREAT ANALYSIS; MORTALITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUALITY OF LIFE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); REVIEW; RISK REDUCTION; ST. GEORGE RESPIRATORY QUESTIONNAIRE; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; TREATMENT OUTCOME; DISEASE COURSE; DRY POWDER INHALER; META ANALYSIS; NEBULIZER; PLACEBO EFFECT; PULMONARY DISEASE, CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE;

BRONCHODILATOR AGENTS; CHOLINERGIC ANTAGONISTS; DISEASE PROGRESSION; DRY POWDER INHALERS; HUMANS; NEBULIZERS AND VAPORIZERS; PLACEBO EFFECT; PULMONARY DISEASE, CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE; QUALITY OF LIFE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS AS TOPIC; SCOPOLAMINE DERIVATIVES;

EID: 84922395042     PISSN: None     EISSN: 1469493X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009285.pub3     Document Type: Review

References (236)

1. Bateman ED. A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study to assess long term (one-year) efficacy and safety of tiotropium inhalation solution 5 mcg (2 puffs of 2.5 mcg) delivered by the Respimat® inhaler in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). www.trials.boehringer-ingelheim.com. [trial number: 205.372]
2. Bateman ED, Tashkin D, Siafakas N, Dahl R, Towse L, Massey D, et al.A one-year trial of tiotropium Respimat plus usual therapy in COPD patients. Respiratory Medicine 2010;104(10):1460-72. [CTG: NCT00387088]
3. Bateman E, Singh D, Smith D, Disse B, Towse L, Massey D, et al.Efficacy and safety of tiotropium Respimat SMI in COPD in two 1-year randomized studies. International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 2010;5:197-208. [CTG: NCT00168831; CTG: NCT00168844]
4. Cooper, C. A retrospective collection of vital status and pulmonary medication usage data for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who withdrew prematurely from either of two one-year trials (205.254, 205.255) of tiotropium inhalation solution delivered by the Respimat® inhaler. www.trials.boehringer-ingelheim.com (accessed 05 March 2008). [trial number: 205.392]
5. Hodder R, Pavia D, Lee A, Bateman E. Lack of paradoxical bronchoconstriction after administration of tiotropium via Respimat Soft Mist Inhaler in COPD. International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 2011;6:245-51.
6. Singh SD. A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group efficacy and safety comparison of one-year treatment of two doses (5 μg [2 actuations of 2.5 μg] and 10 μg [2 actuations of 5 μg]) of tiotropium inhalation solution delivered by the Respimat® inhaler in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). www.trials.boehringer-ingelheim.com. [trial number: 205.255]
7. Smith D. A Randomised, Double-Blind Placebo Controlled, Parallel Group Efficacy and Safety Comparison of One-year Treatment of Two Doses (5 μg [2 actuations of 2.5 μg] and 10 μg [2 actuations of 5 μg]) of Tiotropium Inhalation Solution Delivered by the Respimat® Inhaler in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). www.trials.boehringer-ingelheim.com. [trial number: 205.254]
8. Beeh KM, Beier J, Buhl R, Gerken FMN. Efficacy of tiotropium (spriva) in patients with COPD switched from previous treatment with short-acting anticholinergics [Abstract]. Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society; 2006 May 19-24; San Diego. 2006:A113 [Poster J27].
9. Beeh KM, Beier J, Buhl R, Stark-Lorenzen P, Gerken F, Metzdorf N, et al.Efficacy of tiotropium bromide (Spiriva) in patients with chronic-obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) of different severities [Wirksamkeit von Tiotropiumbromid (Spiriva)bei verschiedenen Schweregraden derchronisch-obstruktiven Lungenerkrankung (COPD)]. Pneumologie 2006;60(6):341-6. [CTG: NCT00274573]
10. Beeh KM, Beier J, Buhl R, Strak-Lorenzen P, Gerken F, Metzdorf N. Efficacy of tiotropium in patients with mild to moderate COPD [Abstract]. American Thoracic Society 2004 International Conference; 2004 May 21-26; Florida, USA. 2004:P513.
11. Boehringer Ingelheim. Acute and long-term effects of once daily oral inhalation of tiotropium 18 mcg dry powder inhalation capsules in a placebo controlled parallel group design study in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) of different severity. www.trials.boehringer-ingelheim.com. [trial number: 205.257]
12. Bateman ED, Hodder R, Miravitlles M, Lee A, Towse L, Serby C. A comparative trial of tiotropium, salmeterol and placebo: health-related quality of life. European Respiratory Journal 2001;18(Suppl 33):26.
13. Bateman ED, Jenkins C, Korducki L, Keston S. Tiotropium (TIO) improves health care resource utilization (HRU) and patient disability in patients with COPD. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2002;165(Suppl 8):A111.
14. Brusasco V, Hodder R, Miravitlles M, Korducki L, Towse L, Kesten S. Health outcomes following treatment for six months with once daily tiotropium compared with twice daily salmeterol in patients with COPD. Thorax 2003;58(5):399-404.
15. Brusasco V, Menjoge SS, Kesten S. Flow and volume responders following treatment with tiotropium and salmeterol in patients with COPD [Abstract]. American Thoracic Society 99th International Conference; 2003; May 16 - 21; Seattle. 2003:B024 Poster 420.
16. Brusasco V, Menjoge SS, Kesten S. Flow and volume responders over 12 hours following treatment with tiotropium or salmeterol in patients with COPD [Abstract]. American Thoracic Society Annual Meeting; 2006; May 19-24; San Diego. 2006:A110 [Poster J10].
17. Brusasco V, Thompson P, Vincken W, Lee A, Towse L, Witek TJ. Improvement of dyspnea following of six months treatment with tiotropium but not with salmeterol in patients with COPD. European Respiratory Journal 2001;18(Suppl 33):26.
18. Donohue JF. Alterations in bronchodilator effectiveness over six months with tiotropium and salmeterol. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2002;165(Suppl 8):A227.
19. Donohue JF, Menjoge S, Kesten S. Tolerance to bronchodilating effects of salmeterol in COPD. Respiratory Medicine 2003;97(9):1014-20.
20. Donohue JF, Van Noord JA, Bateman ED, Langley SJ, Lee A, Witek TJ, et al.A 6-month, placebo-controlled study comparing lung function and health status changes in COPD patients treated with tiotropium or salmeterol. Chest 2002;122(1):47-55.
21. Donohue JF, Van Noord JA, Langley SJ, Lee A, Kesten S, Towse LJ. Superior bronchodilaton of once daily tiotropium compared to twice daily salmeterol in patients with COPD. European Respiratory Journal 2001;18(Suppl 33):26.
22. Friedman M, Morera G, Menjoge S, Kesten S. Reduced COPD exacerbations with tiotropium. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2002;165(Suppl 8):A270.
23. Gunther K, Lee A, Kesten S, Towse L. Superior bronchodilation of once daily tiotropium compared with twice daily salmeterol in patients with COPD [Abstract]. International Primary Care Respiratory Group Congress; 2002; June 7-9; Amsterdam. 2002:112.
24. Hodder R, Kesten S, Menjoge S, Viel K. Outcomes in COPD patients receiving tiotropium or salmeterol plus treatment with inhaled corticosteroids. International Journal of COPD 2007;2(2):157-67.
25. Langley J, Briggs Jr D, Bhattacharya S, Kesten S, Cassino C. Spirometric outcomes of COPD patients with tiotropium compared with salmeterol according to previous maintenance long acting beta-agonist use [Abstract]. European Respiratory Journal 2004;24(Suppl 48):289.
26. Adams SG, Anzueto A, Briggs DD, Menjoge SS, Kesten S. Tiotropium in COPD patients not previously receiving maintenance respiratory medications. Respiratory Medicine 2006;100(9):1495-503.
27. Anzueto A, Kesten S. Effects of tiotropium in COPD patients only treated with PRN albuterol [Abstract]. American Thoracic Society 100th International Conference; 2004 May 21-26; Orlando. 2004:C47 Poster F81.
28. Anzueto A, Tashkin D, Menjoge S, Kesten S. One-year analysis of longitudinal changes in spirometry in patients with COPD receiving tiotropium. Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2005;18(2):75-81.
29. Casaburi R, Briggs DD Jr, Donohue JF, Serby CW, Menjoge SS, The US Tiotropium Study Group. The spirometric efficacy of once-daily dosing with tiotropium in stable COPD: a 13-week multicenter trial. Chest 2000;118(5):1294-302.
30. Casaburi R, Mahler DA, Jones PW, Wanner A, San Pedro G, Zuwallack RL, et al.A long-term evaluation of once-daily inhaled tiotropium in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. European Respiratory Journal 2002;19(2):217-24.
31. Friedman M, Bell T, Menjoge SS, Anton S, Koch P. Cost consequences of tiotropium plus existing therapy versus existing therapy alone following one year of treatment in patients with COPD. European Respiratory Journal 2001;18(Suppl 33):5.
32. Friedman M, Menjoge SS, Anton SF, Kesten S. Healthcare costs with tiotropium plus usual care versus usual care alone following 1 year of treatment in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD). Pharmacoeconomics 2004;22(11):741-9.
33. Kesten S, Flanders J, Menjoge SS, Serby C. Maintenance of bronchodilation following tiotropium in patients with mild, moderate and severe COPD in one-year placebo-controlled clinical trials [Abstract]. International Primary Care Respiratory Group Congress; 2002; June 7-9; Amsterdam. 2002:24.
34. Kesten S, Menjoge S. Can patient demographics be used to predict future choices for antibiotics, steroids, or both for exacerbations of COPD? [Abstract]. National COPD Conference; 2003; November 14-15, 2003; Arlington, Virginia. 2003:Abstract no: 1189.
35. Kesten S, Menjoge SS, Witek T. The impact of COPD exacerbations (EXAC) on health related quality of life (HRQL) is attenuated by tiotropium [Abstract]. International Primary Care Respiratory Group Congress; 2002; June 7-9; Amsterdam. 2002:23.
36. Mahler DA, Montner P, Brazinsky SA, Goodwin B, Menjoge SS, Witek TJ. Tiotropium (spiriva™), a new long-acting anticholinergic bronchodilator, improves dyspnea in patients with COPD. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2000;161(3 Suppl):A892.
37. San Pedro G, Elias DJ, Serby CW, Witek TJ. Tiotropium (spiriva™): one year bronchodilator efficacy established with once daily dosing in COPD patients. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2000;161(3 Suppl):A749.
38. Serby CW. Impact of tiotropium on COPD exacerbations: 1-Yr studies versus placebo or ipratropium. European Respiratory Review 2002;12(82):16-7.
39. Serby CW, Schwartzstein, Jones, Ries, Killian. Tiotropium: 1-Yr studies versus placebo/ipratropium. European Respiratory Review 2002;12(82):40-2.
40. Spencer S. Decline in health status over one year is eliminated by tiotropium. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2002;165(Suppl 8):A228.
41. Spencer S, Jones PW. Short-term changes in health status with tiotropium predict long-term changes in health status [Abstract]. European Respiratory Society Annual Congress; 2002; September 14-18; Stockholm. 2002:P1611.
42. Tashkin D, Kesten S. Long-term treatment benefits with tiotropium in COPD patients with and without short-term bronchodilator responses. Chest 2003;123(5):1441-9.
43. Witek TJ Jr, Mahler DA. Meaningful effect size and patterns of response of the transition dyspnea index. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 2003;56(3):248-55.
44. Zuwallack R, Jones PW, Kotch A, Goodwin B, Menjoge SS, Serby CW. Tiotropium (spiriva™) improves health status in patients with COPD. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2000;161(3 Suppl):A892.
45. Zuwallack R, Morganroth J, Lanes S, Kesten S. Electrocardiographic evaluations in COPD patients treated with tiotropium in one-year clinical trials [Abstract]. American Thoracic Society 99th International Conference; 2003 May 16-21; Seattle. 2003:A035 Poster D78.
46. Chan C. Spiriva assessment of FEV1 (SAFE). The effect of inhaled tiotropium bromide (18 mcg once daily) on the change in FEV1 during long-term treatment in patients with COPD. A one-year parallel group, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled study. Boehringer Ingelheim Clinical Trial Register 2005. [trial number: 205.259]
47. Chan CK, Maltais F, Sigouin C, Haddon JM, Ford GT, Group SS. A randomized controlled trial to assess the efficacy of tiotropium in Canadian patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Canadian Respiratory Journal 2007;14(8):465-72. [CTG: NCT00277264]
48. Cooper C. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled two-year trial to examine the changes in exercise endurance and COPD patients treated with tiotropium (Spiriva® HandiHaler®) 18 μg once daily (EXACTT trial). www.trials.boehringer-ingelheim.com. [trial number: 205.368]
49. Cooper CB, Abrazado M, Legg D, Kesten S. Development and implementation of treadmill exercise testing protocols in COPD. International Journal of COPD 2010;5:375-85. [CTG: NCT00525512]
50. Cooper CB, Celli B, Wise RA, Jardim JR, Legg D, Guo J, et al."Treadmill endurance during 2 years" treatment with tiotropium in patients with COPD. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2011;183:A4586.
51. Boehringer Ingelheim. Efficacy and safety (including 24-hour holter monitoring) of tiotropium inhalation capsules in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (a 12-week, parallel group, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study). www.trials.boehringer-ingelheim.com. [trial number: 205.284]
52. Covelli H, Bhattacharya S, Cassino C, Conoscenti C, Kesten S. Absence of electrocardiographic findings and improved function with once-daily tiotropium in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pharmacotherapy 2005; Vol. 25, issue 12:1708-18. [CTG: NCT00239460]
53. Kesten S, Cassino C, Conoscenti C. Absence of electrocardiographic findings with daily tiotropium in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [Abstract]. Chest 2004;126(4 Suppl):837S.
54. Dusser D. Effect of inhaled tiotropium bromide (18 mcg once daily) on the severity of airflow obstruction during long-term treatment in patients with moderately severe COPD. Impact on severity and incidence of exacerbations. A one-year parallel-group, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. www.trials.boehringer-ingelheim.com. [trial number: 205.214]
55. Dusser D, Bravo ML, Lacono P. The effect of tiotropium on exacerbations and airflow in patients with COPD. European Respiratory Journal 2006;27(3):547-55. [CTG: NCT00274014]
56. Dusser D, Bravo ML, Lacono P. Tiotropium reduces health resource utilization associated with COPD exacerbations [Abstract]. European Respiratory Journal 2004;24(Suppl 48):513.
57. Dusser D, Bravo ML, Lanono P. Tiotropium COPD exacerbations the MISTRAL study [Abstract]. European Respiratory Journal 2004;24(Suppl 48):513.
58. Dusser D, Viel K, Bravo ML, Lacono P. Tiotropium reduces moderate-to-severe exacerbations in COPD patients irrespective of concomitant use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) [Abstract]. Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society; 2006 May 19-24; San Diego. 2006:A603 [Poster H6].
59. Dusser D, Viel K, Rouyrre N, Lancono P. Tiotropium reduces COPD exacerbations requiring treatment with systemic corticosteroids, antibiotics, or hospitalizations [Abstract]. Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society; 2006 May 19-24; San Diego. 2006:A603 [Poster H5].
60. Freeman D. A randomised, double-blind, parallel group, 12 week study, comparing the effect of once daily tiotropium lactose capsule with placebo in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), naive to anticholinergic agents in addition to receiving their usual COPD care. www.trials.boehringer-ingelheim.com. [trial number: 205.276]
61. Freeman D, Lee A, Price D. Efficacy and safety of tiotropium in COPD patients in primary care-the SPiRiva Usual CarE (SPRUCE) study. Respiratory Research 2007;8:45. [CTG: NCT00274079]
62. Freeman D, Sarno M, White L, Lee A, Price D. Spruce: tiotropium in UK primary care [Abstract]. Thorax 2004;59(Suppl II):ii100.
63. Price D, Sarno M, Lee A, Freeman D. SPiRiva usual carE- SPRUCE - tiotropium in a UK primary care COPD population other regular inhaled treatment [Abstract]. American Thoracic Society 2005 International Conference; 2005 May 20-25; San Diego. 2005:[A43] [Poster: F26].
64. Johansson G. A 12-week, double-blind, randomised, parallel-group, multi-centre study evaluating the efficacy of tiotropium versus placebo in patients with mild COPD according to Swedish guidelines (SPIRIMILD). www.trials.boehringer-ingelheim.com. [trial number: 205.281]
65. Johansson G, Lindberg A, Romberg K, Nordstrom L, Gerken F, Roquet A. Bronchodilator efficacy of tiotropium in patients with mild COPD [Abstract]. European Respiratory Journal 2006;28(Suppl 50):616s [E3614].
66. Johansson G, Lindberg A, Romberg K, Nordstrom L, Gerken F, Roquet A. Bronchodilator efficacy of tiotropium in patients with mild to moderate COPD. Primary Care Respiratory Journal 2008; Vol. 17, issue 3:169-75. [CTG: NCT00144196]
67. Boehringer Ingelheim. A trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of inhaled tiotropium 18 μg qd in patients with COPD and a concomitant diagnosis of asthma. www.clinicaltrials.gov 2005.
68. Magnussen H. A 12-week randomised, double blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of inhaled tiotropium 18 μg q.d. in patients with COPD and a concomitant diagnosis of asthma. www.trials.boehringer-ingelheim.com. [trial number: 205.301]
69. Magnussen H, Bugnas B, Van Noord J, Schmidt P, Gerken F, Kesten S. Improvements with tiotropium in COPD patients with concomitant asthma. Respiratory Medicine 2008;102(1):50-6. [CTG: NCT00152984]
70. Magnussen H, Bugnas B, Van Noord J, Schmidt P, Gerken F, Kesten S, et al.Spirometric improvements with tiotropium in COPD patients with concomitant asthma [Abstract]. American Thoracic Society International Conference; 2007 May 18-23; San Francisco. 2007:Poster #A5.
71. Boehringer Ingelheim. Spiriva® assessment of FEV1 - (SAFE-Portugal). The effect of inhaled tiotropium bromide (18 mcg once daily) on the change in FEV1 during treatment in patients with COPD. A three-month parallel group, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled study. www.trials.boehringer-ingelheim.com. [trial number: 205.282]
72. Moita J, Barbara C, Cardoso J, Costa R, Sousa M, Ruiz J, et al.Tiotropium improves FEV1 in patients with COPD irrespective of smoking status. Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2008;21(1):146-51. [CTG: NCT00239408]
73. Moita J, Costa R, Barbara C, Cardosa J, Rulz J, Sousa M. The effect of tiotropium bromide in a stable cohort of COPD patients in Portugal [Abstract]. European Respiratory Journal 2005;26(Suppl 49):Abstract No. 1955.
74. García Río, F. A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 12 week trial to evaluate the effect of tiotropium inhalation capsules on the magnitude of exercise, measured using an accelerometer, in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). www.trials.boehringer-ingelheim.com (accessed 15 Oct 2007). [CTG: NCT00144326; trial number: 205.269]
75. Anonymous. Tiotropium reduces exacerbations in COPD. Pharmaceutical Journal 2004;272(7302):696.
76. Kesten S, Plautz M, Piquette CA, Habib MP, Niewoehner DE. Premature discontinuation of patients: a potential bias in COPD clinical trials. European Respiratory Journal 2007;30(5):898-906.
77. Niewoehner D. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group trial assessing the proportion of patients experiencing an exacerbation and proportion of patients hospitalized for an exacerbation over 6 months during treatment with tiotropium 18 mcg capsule once daily in patients with COPD in a Veterans Affairs setting. www.trials.boehringer-ingelheim.com. [trial number: 205.266]
78. Niewoehner D, Gonzalez-Rothi R, Shigeoka J, Korducki L, Cassino C, Kesten S, et al.Reduced COPD exacerbations in patients without first-dose peak FEV increases 15% with tiotropium [Abstract] American Thoracic Society 2005 International Conference; 2005 May 20-25; San Diego, California. San Diego, 2005:[B93] [Poster: 319].
79. Niewoehner D, Rice K, Cote C, Korducki L, Cassino C, Kesten S. Characteristics of COPD and response to once-daily tiotropium in African-Americans in the VA medical system [Abstract]. American Thoracic Society 2005 International Conference; 2005 May 20-25; San Diego. San Diego, 2005:[A43] [Poster: F41].
80. Niewoehner D, Rice K, Cote C, Paulson D, Cooper JA, Korducki L, et al.Reduced COPD exacerbations and associated health care utilization with once-daily tiotropium (TIO) in the VA medical system [Abstract]. American Thoracic Society 100th International Conference; 2004 May 21-26; Orlando. 2004:A84.
81. Niewoehner DE, Rice K, Cassino C, Leimer I, Kesten S. Reductions in COPD exacerbations with tiotropium in African-Americans in the VA medical system [Abstract]. American Thoracic Society International Conference; 2007 May 18-23; San Francisco. 2007:Poster #A51.
82. Niewoehner DE, Rice K, Cote C, Paulson D, Cooper Jr JAD, Korducki L, et al.Prevention of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with tiotropium, a once-daily inhaled anticholinergic bronchodilator: A randomized trial. Annals of Internal Medicine 2005;143(5):317-326. [CTG: NCT00274547]
83. Rice KL, Leimer I, Kesten S, Niewoehner DE. Responses to tiotropium in African-American and Caucasian patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Translational Research 2008;152(2):88-94.
84. Powrie D, Wilkinson T, Donaldson G, Viel K, Jones P, Scrine K, et al.The effect of tiotropium on diary based exacerbation frequency in COPD [Abstract]. American Thoracic Society Annual Meeting; 2006 May 19-24 2006; San Diego. 2006:A604 [Poster H11].
85. Powrie DJ, Donaldson GC, Wilkinson TM, Jones P, Viel K, Kesten S, et al.Tiotropium reduces exacerbations and common colds in patients with COPD [Abstract]. American Thoracic Society International Conference; 2007 May 18-23; San Francisco, California, USA. 2007:Poster #A50.
86. Powrie DJ, Wilkinson TMA, Donaldson GC, Jones P, Scrine K, Viel K, et al.Effect of tiotropium on sputum and serum inflammatory markers and exacerbations in COPD. European Respiratory Journal 2007;30(3):472-8. [CTG: NCT00405236]
87. Powrie J, Wilkinson M, Donaldson C, Wedzicha A. Tiotropium reduces subjectively reported sputum production in COPD. European Respiratory Journal 2006;28(Suppl 50):661.
88. Wedzicha JA. A randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the changes in inflammatory markers and in induced sputum following treatment with tiotropium inhalation capsules 18 μg once daily in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). www.trials.boehringer-ingelheim.com. [trial number: 205.270]
89. Sun LH, Tan Y, Qiao Y, Fang SR, Xie H. Evaluation of clinical effect and safety of tiotropium bromide in treating stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Zhongguo Xinyao yu Linchuang Zazhi 2007;26(5):328-31.
90. Yan L, Lu YK. Effect of domestic tiotropium bromide inhalation in patients with COPD at stable stage. Chinese Journal of New Drugs 2010;19(2):127-129, 138.
91. Antoniu SA. UPLIFT Study: The effects of long-term therapy with inhaled tiotropium in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 2009;10(4):719-22.
92. Braido F. UPLIFT study: The results and their implications. Multidisciplinary Respiratory Medicine. 2009; Vol. 4, issue Suppl 1:6s-12s.
93. Celli B, Decramer M, Kesten S, Liu D, Mehra S, Tashkin DP, et al.Mortality in the 4-year trial of tiotropium (UPLIFT) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2009;180(10):948-55.
94. Celli B, Kesten S, Lystig T, Tashkin DP, Decramer M. Long-term changes in inspiratory capacity: an analysis from the UPLIFT(R) trial [Abstract]American Thoracic Society (ATS) International Conference; 2010 May 14-19; New Orleans. 2010, issue Meeting Abstracts:A4482.
95. Corhay JL, Louis R. The UPLIFT study. Revue Medicale de Liege 2009;64(1):50-5.
96. Decramer M, Celli B, Burkhart D, Kesten S, Mehra S, Liu D, et al.The effect of tiotropium on COPD GOLD stage II during the four-year UPLIFT trial [Abstract]. American Thoracic Society International Conference; 2008 May 16-21; Toronto. 2009:A2466.
97. Decramer M, Celli B, Kesten S, Liu D, Menjoge S, Senn S, et al.Statistical approaches to analysis of exacerbations in the UPLIFT(R) trial [Abstract]. American Thoracic Society (ATS) International Conference; 2010 May 14-19; New Orleans. 2010, issue Meeting Abstracts:A1527.
98. Decramer M, Celli B, Kesten S, Lystig T, Mehra S, Tashkin DP, et al.Effect of tiotropium on outcomes in patients with moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (UPLIFT): a prespecified subgroup analysis of a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2009;374(9696):1171-8.
99. Decramer M, Celli B, Tashkin DP, Pauwels RA, Burkhart D, Cassino C, et al.Clinical trial design considerations in assessing long-term functional impacts of tiotropium in COPD: the UPLIFT trial. Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 2004;1(2):303-12.
100. Decramer M, Kesten S, Celli B, Tashkin DP. How much lift to the UPLIFT study? - Authors' reply. The Lancet 2010;375(9710):198.
101. Decramer M, Molenberghs G, Liu D, Celli B, Kesten S, Lystig T, et al.Premature discontinuation during the UPLIFT study. Respiratory Medicine 2011;105:1523-30.
102. Fernandez L, Kesten S, Liu D, Decramer M, Tashkin D, Celli B, et al.Efficacy of tiotropium in COPD patients from Asia: A subgroup analysis from the uplift trial [Abstract]. 15th Congress of the Asian Pacific Society of Respirology; 2010 November 22-25; Manila. 2010.
103. Fukuchi Y, Fernandez L, Kuo HP, Mahayiddin A, Celli B, Decramer M, et al.Efficacy of tiotropium in COPD patients from Asia: A subgroup analysis from the UPLIFT trial. Respirology 2011;16:825-35.
104. Halpin DM, Decramer M, Celli B, Kesten S, Leimer I, Tashkin DP. Risk of nonlower respiratory serious adverse events following COPD exacerbations in the 4-year UPLIFT trial. Lung 2011;189(4):261-8.
105. Hanania N, Kesten S, Celli B, Decramer M, Sharafkhaneh A, Lystig T, et al.Acute bronchodilator response does not predict health outcomes in patients with COPD treated with tiotropium [Abstract]. European Respiratory Society Annual Congress; 2009 September 12-16; Vienna. 2009:[E4353].
106. Hanania NA, Sharafkhaneh A, Celli B, Decramer M, Lystig T, Kesten S, et al.Acute bronchodilator responsiveness and health outcomes in COPD patients in the UPLIFT trial. Respiratory Research 2011;12(1):6.
107. Inoue H, Asai Y. UPLIFT (understanding potential long-term impacts on function with tiotropium) study. Respiration and Circulation 2009;57(8):813-8.
108. Kesten S, Celli B, Decramer M, Liu D, Tashkin D. Adverse health consequences in COPD patients with rapid decline in FEV1 - evidence from the UPLIFT trial. Respiratory Research 2011;12:129.
109. McGarvey L, Magder SA, Liu D, Kesten S, Manuel R, Niewoehner DE. A comparison of the classification of cause of death between site investigators and a mortality adjudication committee in the UPLIFT(R) trial [Abstract]. American Thoracic Society (ATS) International Conference; 2010 May 14-19; New Orleans. 2010.
110. Morice AH, Celli B, Kesten S, Lystig T, Tashkin D, Decramer M. COPD in young patients: A pre-specified analysis of the four-year trial of tiotropium (UPLIFT). Respiratory Medicine 2010;104(11):1659-67.
111. Osztovits J, Feher J. Safety of tiotropium therapy in chronic obstructive lung diseases (COPD) [A tiotropiumterápia cardiovascularis biztonságossága krónikus obstruktív tüdobetegségben (COPD)]. Orvosi Hetilap 2010;151(18):749-50.
112. Paggiaro P, Rossi A. "Prince Charming"? Some considerations about the decline of FEV1 and on data from UPLIFT study. Rassegna di Patologia dell'Apparato Respiratorio 2009;24(5):278-86.
113. Rodriguez Gonzalez-Moro JM, Lucero S, De Lucas Ramos P. The UPLIFT study: future perspectives [Estudio UPLIFT: perspectivas futuras]. Archivos de Bronconeumologia 2008;44(Suppl 2):39-48.
114. Tashkin D. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group trial assessing the rate of decline of lung function with tiotropium 18 mcg inhalation capsule once daily in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). www.trials.boehringer-ingelheim.com. [trial number: 205.235]
115. Tashkin D, Celli B, Decramer M, Burkhart D, Kesten S, Cassino C. Comorbid conditions reported in patients with COPD recruited into a global clinical trial (UPLIFT) [Abstract]. European Respiratory Society 15th Annual Congress; 2005 September 17 - 21; Copenhagen. 2005; Vol. 26, issue Suppl 49:Abstract No. 4203.
116. Tashkin D, Celli B, Kesten S, Lystig T, Decramer M. Effect of tiotropium in men and women with COPD: Results of the 4-year UPLIFT trial. Respiratory Medicine 2010;104(10):1495-504.
117. Tashkin D, Celli B, Lystig T, Kesten S, Decramer M. Efficacy of tiotropium in COPD patients with FEV1? 60% participating in the UPLIFT trial [Abstract]. European Respiratory Society Annual Congress; 2010 September 18-22; Barcelona, Spain. 2010:[P1186].
118. Tashkin D, Celli B, Senn S, Burkhart D, Kesten S, Menjoge S, et al.A 4-year trial of tiotropium in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (UPLIFT trial). Revista Portuguesa de Pneumologia 2009;15(1):137-40.
119. Tashkin DP. Impact of tiotropium on the course of moderate-to-very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: The UPLIFT trial. Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine 2010;4(3):279-89.
120. Tashkin DP, Celli B, Burkhart D, Kesten S, Liu D, Mehra S, et al.Long-term efficacy of tiotropium in continuing smokers vs sustained ex-smokers in the UPLIFT trial [Abstract]. American Thoracic Society International Conference; 2009 May 15-20; San Diego. 2009:A6175 [Poster #201].
121. Tashkin DP, Celli B, Decramer M, Liu D, Burkhart D, Cassino C, et al.Bronchodilator responsiveness in patients with COPD. European Respiratory Journal 2008;31(4):742-50.
122. Tashkin DP, Celli B, Kesten S, Liu D, Decramer M. Reduced reporting of respiratory failure in the UPLIFT(R) trial [Abstract]. American Thoracic Society International Conference; 2010 May 14-19; New Orleans. 2010.
123. Tashkin DP, Celli B, Kesten S, Lystig T, Mehra S, Decramer M. Long-term efficacy of tiotropium in relation to smoking status in the UPLIFT trial. European Respiratory Journal 2010;35(2):287-94.
124. Tashkin DP, Celli B, Senn S, Burkhart D, Kesten S, Menjoge S, et al.A 4-year trial of tiotropium in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. New England Journal of Medicine 2008; Vol. 359, issue 15:1543-54. [CTG: NCT00144339]
125. Tashkin DP, Celli BR, Kesten S, Liu D, Decramer M. Cardiovascular adverse events according to GOLD stage in the UPLIFT trial. Chest 2009;136(4):52.
126. Tashkin DP, Celli BR, Kesten S, Lystig T, Mehra S, Decramer M. Efficacy of tiotropium in men and women: 4-year follow-up in the UPLIFT trial. Chest 2009;136(4):24-25.
127. Tashkin DP, Decramer M, Celli B, Burkhart D, Cassino C, Kesten S. Baseline characteristics according to gender in a global respiratory trial [Abstract]. American Thoracic Society International Conference; 2007 May 18-23; San Francisco. 2007:Poster #924.
128. Troosters T, Celli B, Kesten S, Liu D, Mehra S, Tashkin D, et al.Effectiveness of combination therapy with tiotropium in COPD. A secondary analysis of the uplift trial [Abstract]. European Respiratory Society Annual Congress; 2009 September 12-16; Vienna. 2009:[P3808].
129. Troosters T, Celli B, Kesten S, Liu D, Tashkin D, Decramer M. Effectiveness of combination therapy with tiotropium in COPD. A secondary analysis of the UPLIFT trial [Abstract]. Primary Care Respiratory Journal 2010;19(2):A13.
130. Troosters T, Celli B, Lystig T, Kesten S, Mehra S, Tashkin DP, et al.Tiotropium as a first maintenance drug in COPD: Secondary analysis of the UPLIFT trial. European Respiratory Journal 2010;36(1):65-73.
131. Troosters T, Kesten S, Burkhart D, Celli B, Liu D, Mehra S, et al.Effectiveness of tiotropium as first maintenance drug in patients with COPD. Secondary analysis of the UPLIFT Trial [Abstract]. American Thoracic Society International Conference; 2009 May 15-20; San Diego. 2009.
132. Tonnel AB. Effect of a 9-month treatment of SPIRIVA® on health related quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Validation of a new HRQoL questionnaire appropriate to common daily practice. (TIPHON Study). www.trials.boehringer-ingelheim.com. [trial number: 205.256]
133. Tonnel AB, Bravo ML, Brun M. Clinically significant improvements of health status of COPD patients after 9 months treatment with tiotropium bromide: the TIPHON study [Abstract]. American Thoracic Society International Conference; May 20-25; San Diego. 2005:[B93] [Poster: 302].
134. Tonnel AB, Perez T, Grosbois JM, Bravo ML, Brun M. Improvement in HRQoL of COPD patients after 9 months treatment with tiotropium bromide: use of a new scale for daily medical practice [Abstract]. European Respiratory Society 15th Annual Congress; 2005 September 17 - 21; Copenhagen. 2005.
135. Tonnel AB, Perez T, Grosbois JM, Verkindre C, Bravo ML, Brun M. Effect of tiotropium on health-related quality of life as a primary efficacy endpoint in COPD. International Journal of COPD 2008;3(2):301-10. [CTG: NCT00274053]
136. Carron K. A 24 week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 18 mcg of tiotropium inhalation capsules administered by handihaler® once-daily plus prn albuterol (salbutamol) vs. placebo plusprn albuterol (salbutamol) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease subjects naive to maintenance therapy. www.trials.boehringer-ingelheim.com. [trial number: 205.365]
137. Sciurba FC, Siafakas N, Troosters T, Klioze SS, Sutradhar S, Weisman I, et al.The efficacy and safety of tiotropium Handihaler, 18 μg, once daily plus PRN salbutamol versus placebo plus prn salbutamol in COPD subjects naive to maintenance therapy [Abstract]. American Thoracic Society 2011 International Conference; 2011 May 13-18; Denver. 2011; Vol. 183:A1589.
138. Troosters T, Weisman I, Dobbels F, Giardino N, Valluri SR. Assessing the impact of tiotropium on lung function and physical activity in GOLD Stage II COPD patients who are naive to maintenance respiratory therapy: a study protocol. The Open Respiratory Medicine Journal 2011;5:1-9. [CTG: NCT00523991]
139. Huchon G. Effect of a 12-week treatment with inhaled tiotropium (18 mcg once daily) on lung function and static lung volumes in stable, moderate to severe COPD patients. Correlation to dyspnoea scales: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, parallel group study. www.trials.boehringer-ingelheim.com. [trial number: 205.215]
140. Huchon G, Verkindre C, Bart F, Aguilaniu B, Guerin JC, Lemerre C, et al.Improvements with tiotropium on endurance measure by the shuttle walking test (SWT) and on health related quality of life (HRQoL) in COPD patients. European Respiratory Society Congress; 2002 September 14-18; Stockholm. 2002.
141. Verkindre C, Bart F, Aguilaniu B, Fortin F, Guerin JC, Le Merre C, et al.The effect of tiotropium on hyperinflation and exercise capacity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respiration 2006;73(4):420-7.
142. Boehringer Ingelheim. A randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo- and active-controlled, parallel group efficacy and safety comparison of 12-week treatment of two doses [5 mcg (2 actuations of 2.5 mcg) and 10 mcg (2 actuations of 5 mcg)] of tiotropium inhalation solution delivered by the Respimat inhaler, placebo and ipratropium bromide inhalation aerosol (MDI) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). www.trials.boehringer-ingelheim.com. [trial number: 205.251]
143. Boehringer Ingelheim. A randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo- and active-controlled, parallel group efficacy and safety comparison of 12-week treatment of two doses (5 Mcg and 10 Mcg) of tiotropium inhalation solution delivered by the Respimat inhaler, placebo and ipratropium bromide inhalation aerosol (MDI) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). www.clinicaltrials.gov 2002; Vol. Sept 2004 End Date. [trial number: 205.252]
144. Voshaar T, Lapidus R, Maleki-Yazdi R, Timmer W, Rubin E, Lowe L, et al.A randomised study of tiotropium Respimat soft mist inhaler versus ipratropium PMDI in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [Abstract]. Thorax 2006;61(Suppl 2):ii40 [S112].
145. Voshaar T, Lapidus R, Maleki-Yazdi R, Timmer W, Rubin E, Lowe L, et al.A randomized study of tiotropium Respimat Soft Mist inhaler vs. ipratropium pMDI in COPD. Respiratory Medicine 2008;102(1):32-41. [CTG: NCT00239473; CTG: NCT00240435]
146. Ambrosino N, Foglio K, Balzano G, Paggiaro PL, Lessi P, Kesten S, et al.Tiotropium and exercise training in COPD patients: effects on dyspnea and exercise tolerance. International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 2008;3(4):771-80.
147. Baloira A, Vilarino C. Effects of tiotropium bromide in exercise tolerance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [Abstract]. European Respiratory Society Congress; 2005 September 17-21; Copenhagen. 2005; Vol. 26, issue Suppl 49:Abstract No. 1929.
148. Bedard ME, Brouillard C, Pepin V, Milot J, Lacasse Y, Leblanc P, et al.Tiotropium improves walking endurance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2011; Vol. 183:A1590.
149. Calverley PMA, Towse LJ, Lee A. The timing of dose and pattern of bronchodilatation of tiotropium (TIO) in stable COPD. European Respiratory Journal 2000;16(Suppl 31):56s.
150. Casaburi R, Kukafka D, Cooper CB, Kesten S. Improvement in exercise endurance with the combination of tiotropium and rehabilitative exercise training in COPD patients [Abstract]. American Thoracic Society 100th International Conference; 2004 May 21-26; Orlando. 2004:D14.
151. Casaburi R, Kukafka D, Cooper CB, Witek TJ Jr, Kesten S. Improvement in exercise tolerance with the combination of tiotropium and pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with COPD. Chest 2005;127(3):809-17.
152. Cooper CB, Kukafka D, Casburi R, Kesten S. Tiotropium augments improvements in dyspnea and health-related quality of life following pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD patients [Abstract]. American Thoracic Society 100th International Conference; 2004 May 21-26; Orlando. 2004:C22 Poster 507.
153. Kesten S, Casaburi R, Kukafka D, Cooper CB. Improvement in self-reported exercise participation with the combination of tiotropium and rehabilitative exercise training in COPD patients. International Journal of COPD 2008;3(1):127-36.
154. Celli BR, Zuwallack RL, Wang S, Kesten S. Improvements in inspiratory capacity with tiotropium in patients with COPD [Abstract]. European Respiratory Society Annual Congress 2002. 2002:abstract nr: P3079.
155. Da Fonseca Reis LF, Ventura TG, Jayme S, Bispo P, Cantanhede LA. A role of tiotropium in patients with severe COPD subject to a supervised program of exercises [Abstract]. European Respiratory Society Annual Congress; 2010 September 18-22; Barcelona, Spain. 2010:[P4872].
156. De Guia T, Punzal P, Canizares L, Sy-Naval S, Salonga R, Tan D, et al.Evaluation of the response of Filipino COPD patients to Tiotropium (EVEREST STUDY) [Abstract]. American Thoracic Society 100th International Conference; 2004 May 21-26; Orlando. 2004:C47 Poster F78.
157. Diba C, Salome CM, Berend N, Harris B, Bailey D, King GG. Effect of bronchodilator on ventilation heterogeneity in COPD [Abstract]. Respirology 2009;14(Suppl 1):A19.
158. Diba C, King GG, Berend N, Salome CM. Improved respiratory system conductance following bronchodilator predicts reduced exertional dyspnoea. Respiratory Medicine 2011; Vol. 105, issue 9:1345-51.
159. Friedman M, Auerbach D, Campbell S, Dunn L, Illowite J, Littner M, et al.Tiotropium in patients with COPD. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 1998;157(3 Suppl):A804.
160. Fuhr R, Magnussen H, Ribera A, Kirsten AM, Falques M, Caracta C, et al.Efficacy and safety of twice-daily aclidinium bromide 400 μg compared with placebo and tiotropium 18 μg qd in moderate to severe COPD patients [Abstract]. Chest 2010;138(4):465A.
161. Fuhr R, Magnussen H, Ribera Llovera A, Kirsten A, Falques M, Caracta C, et al.Efficacy and safety of twice-daily aclidinium bromide compared with tiotropium and placebo in patients with moderate to severe COPD [Abstract]. European Respiratory Society Annual Congress; 2010 September 18-22; Barcelona, Spain. 2010:[P1236].
162. Gelb AF, Fraser C, Zamel N. Lack of protective effect of tiotropium vs induced dynamic hyperinflation in moderate COPD. Respiratory Medicine 2011;105:755-60.
163. Gurzhiy O, Pertseva T, Lykholat O. Evaluation of mucociliary clearance 's (MCC) condition in patients with COPD influence of tiotropium bromide (TB) on MCC [Abstract]. European Respiratory Journal 2007;30(Suppl 51):73s [P582].
164. Halpin DMG, Menjoge S, Viel K. Tiotropium reduces the risk of COPD exacerbation irrespective of its characterization by the treatment intervention [Abstract]. European Respiratory Journal 2006;28(Suppl 50):764s [4397].
165. Hasani A, Agnew J, Dilworth J, Begent L, Mier A, Sarno M, et al.Effect of tiotropium on distribution pattern of aerosol particles deposited in the lung [abstract]. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2001;163(5 Suppl):A277.
166. Hasani A, Agnew JE, Dilworth JP, Creer D, Mier A, Sarno M, et al.Effect of tiotropium on lung ventilatory distribution in COPD patients. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2001;163(5 Suppl):A282.
167. Hasani A, Toms N, Creer DD, Agnew JE, Dilworth JP, Sarno M, et al.Effect of inhaled tiotropium on tracheobronchial clearance in patients with COPD. European Respiratory Journal 2001;18(Suppl 33):245s.
168. Hirata K, Nishimura M, Ichinose M, Nishimura K, Nagai A, Yoshida M, et al.Tiotropium once daily improves health status in Japanese patients with COPD [Abstract]. American Thoracic Society 99th International Conference; 2003 May 16-21; Seattle. 2003:A035 Poster D79.
169. Ichinose M, Nishimura M, Hirata K, Nagai A, Yoshida M, Fukuchi Y. Tiotropium once daily improves spirometry over 24 hours in Japanese patient with COPD [Abstract]. American Thoracic Society Meeting; 2003 May 16-21; Seattle. 2003:A035 Poster D80.
170. Kerstjens HAM, Bantje TA, Luursema PB, Damste HEJS, De Jong JW, Lee A, et al.Tiotropium maintainence therapy and the additive effects of a single dose of ipratropium bromide or fenoterol in patient with COPD [Abstract]. American Thoracic Society 100th International Conference 2004 May 21-26 Orlando. 2004:C22 Poster 514.
171. Langley S, Towse L, Kesten S, Claverley PM. Heart rate and rhythm analysis from holter monitoring in COPD patients receiving tiotropium. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2002;165(Suppl 8):A592.
172. McNicholas WT, Calverley PMA, Edwards C, Lee A. Effects of anticholinergic therapy (tiotropium) on REM-related desaturation (SaO2) and sleep quality in patients with COPD. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2001;163(5 Suppl):A280.
173. Meshcheriakova N, Belevskiy A, Cherniak A. The role of tiotropium bromide in physical training for patients with COPD [Abstract]. European Respiratory Journal 2007;30(Suppl 51):516s [E3091].
174. Magnussen H, O'Donnell DE, Casaburi R, Keston S, Gerken F, Flüge T. Spiriva® (tiotropium) reduces lung hyper inflation in COPD. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2002;165(Suppl 8):A227.
175. O'Donnell D, He Z, Lam M, Webb K, Flüge T, Hamilton A. Reproducibility of measurements of inspiratory capacity dyspnea intensity and exercise endurance in multicentre trials in COPD [Abstract]. European Respiratory Journal 2004;24(Suppl 48):323s.
176. O'Donnell DE, Magnussen H, Aguilaniu B, Gerken F, Hamilton A, Flüge T. Spiriva (tiotropium) improves exercise tolerance in COPD [Abstract]. First National COPD Conference; 2003 November 14-15; Arlington, Virginia. 2003:Abstract no: 1192.
177. O'Donnell DE, Magnussen H, Aguilaniu B, Gerken F, Hamilton A, Flüge T. Spiriva® (Tiotropium) improves exercise tolerance in COPD. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2002;165(Suppl 8):A227.
178. O'Donnell DE, Magnussen H, Aguilaniu B, Make B, Flüge T, Hamilton A. Spiriva® (Tiotropium) reduces exertional dyspnea in COPD. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2002;165(Suppl 8):A265.
179. O'Donnell DE, Magnussen H, Gerken F, Kesten S, Flüge T. Mechanisms of improved exercise tolerance in COPD in response to tiotropium [Abstract]. European Respiratory Society Annual Congress; 2002 September 14-18; Stockholm. 2002:abstract nr: P1826.
180. O'Donnell DE, Magnussen H, Gerken F, Kesten S, Flüge T. Cardiovascular evaluation of tiotropium during constant-work rate exercise in COPD [Abstract]. European Respiratory Journal 2003;22(Suppl 45):Abstract No: [P430].
181. O'Donnell DM. Spiriva(r) (Tiotropium) improves exercise tolerance in COPD. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2002;165(Suppl 8):A227.
182. O'Donnell DM. Spiriva(r) (Tiotropium) reduces exertional dyspnea in COPD. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2002;165(Suppl 8):A265.
183. O'Donnell D, Maltais F, Sciurba F, Kesten S, Hamilton A. SPIRIVA® (Tiotropium) improves symptom-limited exercise tolerance in COPD patients [Abstract]. American Thoracic Society 100th International Conference; 2004 May 21-26; Orlando. 2004:D23 Poster 207.
184. O'Donnell D, Marciniuk D, Hernandez P, Richter K, Kesten S, Hamilton A. Spiriva® (Tiotropium) reduces lung hyperinflation at rest and during exercise in COPD patients [Abstract]. American Thoracic Society 100th International Conference; 2004 May 21-26 2004; Orlando. 2004:D23 Poster 210.
185. O'Donnell DE, Johnson B, Richter K, Kesten S, Hamilton A. Inspiratory capacity (IC) and dyspnea during recovery from symptom-limited exercise in COPD patients treated with tiotropium [Abstract]. European Respiratory Journal 2004;24(Suppl 48):214s.
186. O'Donnell D, Hamilton A, Kesten S. Influence of the exercise-limiting symptom on the relationship between lung hyperinflation and endurance time in COPD patients treated with tiotropium [Abstract]. American Thoracic Society 2005 International Conference; 2005 May 20-25; San Diego, California. 2005:[B23] [Poster: 502].
187. O'Donnell D, Webb KA. The effect of tiotropium on ventilatory mechanics during exercise in COPD [Abstract]. American Thoracic Society 2005 International Conference; 2005 May 20-25; San Diego, California. 2005:[B65] [Poster: A51].
188. Olson T, Baldi J, Afessa B, Scanlon P, Hulsebus M, Miller A, et al.Cardiac consequences of obstruction during exercise: benefits of bronchodilation [Abstract]. American Thoracic Society International Conference; 2009 May 15-20; San Diego. 2009:A4571 [Poster #J84].
189. Orevillo C, St. Rose E, Strom S, Fischer T, Golden M, Thomas M, et al.Glycopyrrolate MDI demonstrates comparable efficacy and safety to tiotropium DPI in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2b study in patients with COPD [Abstract]. European Respiratory Society Annual Congress;2011 September 24-28; Amsterdam, The Netherlands 2011;38(55):724s [P3975].
190. Reisner C, Fogarty C, Spangenthal S, Dunn L, Kerwin EM, Quinn D, et al.Novel combination of glycopyrrolate and formoterol MDI (GFF-MDI) provides superior bronchodilation compared to its components administered alone, tiotropium DPI, and formoterol DPI in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2b study in patients with COPD [Abstract]. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2011; Vol. 183:A6435.
191. Reisner C, St. Rose E, Strom S, Fischer T, Golden M, Thomas M, et al.Fixed combination of glycopyrrolate and formoterol MDI (GFF-MDI) demonstrates superior inspiratory capacity (IC) compared to tiotropium DPI (Tio) following 7 days dosing, in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2b study in patients with COPD [Abstract]. European Respiratory Society Annual Congress; 2011 September 24-28; Amsterdam, The Netherlands 2011;38(55):150s [P879].
192. Rossi S, Gladly C, Baril J, Perrault H, Bourbeau J. COPD patients who respond to tiotropium with dyspnea relief: A proof of efficacy? [Abstract]. American Thoracic Society International Conference 2008 May 16-21; Toronto. 2008:A648[#F15].
193. Schilling JC, Witek TJ, Feifel U, Souhrada JF, Disse B. Safety and tolerability of supra-therapeutic doses of inhaled tiotropium (TIO). European Respiratory Journal 2000;16(Suppl 31):361s.
194. Schurmann W, Schmidtmann S, Moroni P, Massey D, Qidan M. Patients prefer Respimat® Soft Mist TM inhaler to HFA-MDI [Abstract]. Primary Care Respiratory Journal 2004;13(2):118 ABS044.
195. Sposato B, Salvatore M, Giovanna MM, Alberto R, Elena C, Aldo G, et al.Formoterol or tiotropium bromide do not influence nocturnal hypoxemia in stable COPD [Abstract]. European Respiratory Journal 2005;26(Suppl 49):Abstract No. 1959.
196. Ten Hacken NH, Van der Haart H, Grevink R, Thompson S, Roemer W, Postma DS. Bronchodilation improves endurance but not muscular efficiency in COPD [Abstract]. American Thoracic Society International Conference; 2007 May 18-23; San Francisco, California, USA. 2007:Poster #M72.
197. Van Noord JA, Cornelissen G, Aumann JL, Platz J, Mueller A, Fogarty C. Efficacy in COPD patients of tiotropium administered via the Respimat soft mist inhaler (SMI) compared to handihaler (HH) [Abstract]. European Respiratory Journal 2006;28(Suppl 50):431s [P2516].
198. Vincken WG, Vermiere P, Menjoge SS, Keston S, Cornelissen PJG. Maintenance of bronchodilation following tiotropium in patients with mild, moderate and severe COPD in one year clinical trials. European Respiratory Journal 2001;18(Supp 33):331s.
199. Gu W, Sun LH, Tan Y. Effects of tiotropium on the exercise endurance of patients with COPD. Journal Southeast University (Med. Sci. Edi.) 2007;26:332-5.
200. Min R, Huang M, Yin KS, Fu WZ, Yu WZ. Clinical trial on tiotropium for COPD. Jiangsu Medical Journal 2006;32:1078-9.
201. Boehringer Ingelheim. Tiotropium (SPIRIVA®) RESPIMAT®: Evaluation of fatal events - February 2010. www.trials.boehringer-ingelheim.com (accessed 12 July 2010). [CTG: NCT00528996; trial number: 1205.14]
202. Xia QP, Chen JR, Tao YJ. The curative effect of tiotropium bromide in treating stable COPD. Journal of Clinical Pulmonary Medicine 2007;12:1327-8.
203. Yin KS, Zhang DP, Shi Y, Sun LH, Min R, Xiao YL, et al.A randomized, double-blind, placebo-control study of once-daily inhaled tiotropium in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi 2010;33(7):519-23.
204. Barr RG, Bourbeau J, Camargo Carlos A. Tiotropium for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2005, Issue 2. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD002876.pub2]
205. Beeh KM, Beier J. The short, the long, and the "ultra-long": why duration of bronchodilator action matters in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Advances in Therapy 2010;27(3):150-59.
206. Boehringer Ingelheim. Tiotropium (SPIRIVA®) RESPIMAT®: Evaluation of fatal events. www.trials.boehringer-ingelheim.com/res/trial/data/pdf/Pooled_Analysis_U10-3255-01.pdf 2010.
207. Global Clinical Trials Website of Boehringer Ingelheim. http://trials.boehringer-ingelheim.com/.
208. Cates CJ. Safety of tiotropium. BMJ 2011;342:d2970.
209. Cazzola M, MacNee W, Martinez FJ, Rabe KF, Franciosi LG, Barnes PJ, et al.Outcomes for COPD pharmacological trials: from lung function to biomarkers. European Respiratory Journal 2008; Vol. 31, issue 2:416-69.
210. Celli B, Decramer M, Leimer I, Vogel U, Kesten S, Tashkin DP. Cardiovascular safety of tiotropium in patients with COPD. Chest 2010; Vol. 137, issue 1:20-30.
211. Decramer M, Molenberghs G, Liu D, Celli B, Kesten S, Lystig T, et al.Premature discontinuation during the UPLIFT study. Respiratory Medicine 2011;105:1523-30.
212. Effing T, Monninkhof EM, Van der Valk PD, Van der Palen J, Van Herwaarden CL, Partridge MR, et al.Self-management education for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2007, Issue 4. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD002990.pub2]
213. Egger M, Davey Smith G, Schneider M, Minder C. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ 1997; Vol. 315, issue 7109:629-34.
214. Fukuchi Y, Fernandez L, Kuo HP, Mahayiddin A, Celli B, Decramer M, et al.Efficacy of tiotropium in COPD patients from Asia: A subgroup analysis from the UPLIFT trial. Respirology 2011;16:825-35.
215. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. www.goldcopd.com (accessed 14th December 2009).
216. Higgins JPT, Green S (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1 [updated March 2011]. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011. Available from www.cochrane-handbook.org.
217. Hutchinson A, Brand C, Irving L, Roberts C, Thompson P, Campbell D. Acute care costs of patients admitted for management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations: contribution of disease severity, infection and chronic heart failure. Internal Medicine Journal 2010;40(5):364-71.
218. Kaplan A. Effect of tiotropium on quality of life in COPD: a systematic review. Primary Care Respiratory Journal 2010;19(4):315-25.
219. Kesten S, Plautz M, Piquette CA, Habib MP, Niewoehner DE. Premature discontinuation of patients: a potential bias in COPD clinical trials. European Respiratory Journal 2007;30(5):898-906.
220. Kesten S, Celli B, Decramer M, Leimer I, Tashkin D. Tiotropium HandiHaler in the treatment of COPD: a safety review. International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 2009;4:397-409.
221. Lacasse Y, Goldstein R, Lasserson Toby J, Martin S. Pulmonary rehabilitation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 4. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003793.pub2]
222. Mauskopf JA, Baker CL, Monz BU, Juniper MD. Cost effectiveness of tiotropium for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review of the evidence. Journal of Medical Economics 2010;13(3):403-17.
223. Neyt M, Devriese S, Thiry N, Van den Bruel A. Tiotropium's cost-effectiveness for the treatment of COPD: a cost-utility analysis under real-world conditions. BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2010;10:47.
224. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, costing report, implementing NICE guidance. www.guidance.nice.org.uk/CG101/CostingReport/pdf/English.
225. Oxman AD, Guyatt GH. A consumer's guide to subgroup analyses. Annals of Internal Medicine 1992;116(1):78-84.
226. Proskocil BJ, Fryer AD. Beta2-agonist and anticholinergic drugs in the treatment of lung disease. Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society 2005;2(4):305-10; discussion 311-2.
227. Ram FS, Carvallho CR, White J. Clinical effectiveness of the Respimat inhaler device in managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: evidence when compared with other handheld inhaler devices. International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 2011; Vol. 6:129-39.
228. The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration. Review Manager (RevMan). 5.1. Copenhagen: The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011.
229. Rice KL, Leimer I, Kesten S, Niewoehner DE. Responses to tiotropium in African-American and Caucasian patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Translational Research 2008;152(2):88-94.
230. Jones P. St George's Respiratory Questionnaire for COPD Patients (SGRQ-C). www.healthstatus.sgul.ac.uk/SGRQ_download/SGRQ-C%20Manual%202008.pdf 2008.
231. Singh S. Review: inhaled anticholinergics increase risk of major cardiovascular events in COPD. Evidence Based Medicine 2009;14(2):42-3.
232. Singh S, Loke YK, Enright PL, Furberg CD. Mortality associated with tiotropium mist inhaler in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 2011;342:d3215.
233. Van der Meer Regina M, Wagena E, Ostelo RW, Jacobs JE, Van Schayck CP. Smoking cessation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2001, Issue 1. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD002999]
234. World Health Organization. Chronic respiratory diseases. www.who.int.
235. Wise RA, Anzueto A, Cotton D, Dahl R, Devins T, Disse B, et al.Tiotropium respimat inhaler and the risk of death in COPD. New England Jounral of Medicine 2013;369(16):1491-501.
236. Yohannes AM, Willgoss TG, Vestbo J. Tiotropium for treatment of stable COPD: a meta-analysis of clinically relevant outcomes. Respiratory Care 2011;56(4):477-87.