Trend and factors associated with healthcare use and costs in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A decade experience of a universal health insurance program

Medical Care

Volumn 53, Issue 2, 2015, Pages 116-124

  Cheng, Jur Shan ^a   Tsai, Wen Chen ^b   Lin, Chen Li ^c   Chen, Likwang ^d   Lang, Hui Chu ^e   Hsieh, Hui Min ^f   Shin, Shyi Jang ^g   Chen, Ted ^h   Huang, Chi Ting ^d   Hsu, Chih Cheng ^b,d  

^a CHANG GUNG UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (Taiwan)

^b CHINA MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

^c TAIPEI CITY HOSPITAL   (Taiwan)

^d NATIONAL HEALTH RESEARCH INSTITUTES   (Taiwan)

^e NATIONAL YANG MING UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

^f KAOHSIUNG MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

^g KAOHSIUNG MEDICAL UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Taiwan)

^h TULANE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

diabetes care; healthcare costs; Type 2 diabetes

Indexed keywords

ANTIDIABETIC AGENT;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; COST OF ILLNESS; DIABETIC PATIENT; DRUG COST; FEMALE; HEALTH CARE COST; HEALTH CARE UTILIZATION; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEDICATION COMPLIANCE; NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; TAIWAN; TREND STUDY; AGED; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2; ECONOMICS; HEALTH CARE QUALITY; MIDDLE AGED; PUBLIC HEALTH; REIMBURSEMENT; TRENDS; UTILIZATION; VERY ELDERLY; YOUNG ADULT;

ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2; FEMALE; HEALTH CARE COSTS; HUMANS; HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMS; QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE; REIMBURSEMENT, INCENTIVE; TAIWAN; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84922059441     PISSN: 00257079     EISSN: 15371948     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/MLR.0000000000000288     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Hex N, Bartlett C, Wright D, et al. Estimating the current and future costs of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes in the UK, including direct health costs and indirect societal and productivity costs. Diabet Med. 2012;29: 855-862.
2. American Diabetes Association. Economic costs of diabetes in the US in 2007. Diabetes Care. 2008;31:596-615.
3. Trogdon JG, Hylands T. Nationally representative medical costs of diabetes by time since diagnosis. Diabetes Care. 2008;31: 2307-2311.
4. Lin T, Chou P, Lai MS, et al. Direct costs-of-illness of patients with diabetes mellitus in Taiwan. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2001;54(suppl 1): S43-S46.
5. Brandle M, Zhou H, Smith BR, et al. The direct medical cost of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2003;26:2300-2304.
6. Wild S, Roglic G, Green A, et al. Global prevalence of diabetes: estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030. Diabetes Care. 2004;27:1047-1053.
7. American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes-2007. Diabetes Care. 2007;30(suppl 1):S4-41.
8. Nicolucci A, Greenfield S, Mattke S. Selecting indicators for the quality of diabetes care at the health systems level in OECD countries. Int J Qual Health Care. 2006;18(suppl 1):26-30.
9. Gregg EW, Karter AJ, Gerzoff RB, et al. Characteristics of insured patients with persistent gaps in diabetes care services: the Translating Research into Action for Diabetes (TRIAD) study. Med Care. 2010; 48:31-37.
10. De Berardis G, Pellegrini F, Franciosi M, et al. Quality of care and outcomes in type 2 diabetic patients: a comparison between general practice and diabetes clinics. Diabetes Care. 2004;27:398-406.
11. Ho PM, Rumsfeld JS, Masoudi FA, et al. Effect of medication nonadherence on hospitalization and mortality among patients with diabetes mellitus. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166:1836-1841.
12. Hong JS, Kang HC. Relationship between oral antihyperglycemic medication adherence and hospitalization, mortality, and healthcare costs in adult ambulatory care patients with type 2 diabetes in South Korea. Med Care. 2011;49:378-384.
13. Egede LE, Gebregziabher M, Dismuke CE, et al. Medication nonadherence in diabetes: longitudinal effects on costs and potential cost savings from improvement. Diabetes Care. 2012;35:2533-2539.
14. Cramer JA. A systematic review of adherence with medications for diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2004;27:1218-1224.
15. Donnelly R, Emslie-Smith AM, Gardner ID, et al. ABC of arterial and venous disease: vascular complications of diabetes. BMJ. 2000;320: 1062-1066.
16. International Diabetes Association. Diabetes Atlas. 2nd ed. Brussels: International Diabetes Association; 2003.
17. Cheng SH, Chiang TL. The effect of universal health insurance on health care utilization in Taiwan. Results from a natural experiment. JAMA. 1997;278:89-93.
18. Ministry of Health and Welfare, ROC (Taiwan). Statistics of National Health Insurance. Available at: http://www.mohw.gov.tw/cht/DOS/Statistic. aspx?f-list-no = 312&fod-list-no = 4359. Accessed March 5, 2014.
19. Lu JF, Hsiao WC. Does universal health insurance make health care unaffordable? Lessons from Taiwan. Health Aff (Millwood). 2003;22: 77-88.
20. Lee YC, Yang MC, Huang YT, et al. Impacts of cost containment strategies on pharmaceutical expenditures of the National Health Insurance in Taiwan, 1996-2003. Pharmacoeconomics. 2006;24:891-902.
21. Brown JB, Nichols GA, Glauber HS, et al. Type 2 diabetes: incremental medical care costs during the first 8 years after diagnosis. Diabetes Care. 1999;22:1116-1124.
22. Ko KD, Kim BH, Oh SI, et al. What are patient factors associated with the quality of diabetes care?: results from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. BMC Public Health. 2012;12:689.
23. Pohar SL, Majumdar SR, Johnson JA. Health care costs and mortality for Canadian urban and rural patients with diabetes: population-based trends from 1993-2001. Clin Ther. 2007;29:1316-1324.
24. Krishna S, Gillespie KN, McBride TM. Diabetes burden and access to preventive care in the rural United States. J Rural Health. 2010;26:3-11.
25. Hsu CC, Lee CH, Wahlqvist ML, et al. Poverty increases type 2 diabetes incidence and inequality of care despite universal health coverage. Diabetes Care. 2012;35:2286-2292.
26. Chen CC, Chen SH. Better continuity of care reduces costs for diabetic patients. Am J Manag Care. 2011;17:420-427.
27. Chen CC, Tseng CH, Cheng SH. Continuity of care, medication adherence, and health care outcomes among patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a longitudinal analysis. Med Care. 2013;51:231-237.
28. Cheng SH, Lee TT, Chen CC. A longitudinal examination of a pay-forperformance program for diabetes care: evidence from a natural experiment. Med Care. 2012;50:109-116.
29. Lee TT, Cheng SH, Chen CC, et al. A pay-for-performance program for diabetes care in Taiwan: a preliminary assessment. Am J Manag Care. 2010;16:65-69.
30. National Health Research Institutes. National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). Available at: http://w3.nhri.org.tw/nhird/date-01. html. Accessed May 3, 2013.
31. Chang TJ, Jiang YD, Chang CH, et al. Accountability, utilization and providers for diabetes management in Taiwan, 2000-2009: An analysis of the National Health Insurance database. J Formos Med Assoc. 2012; 111:605-616.
32. Meduru P, Helmer D, Rajan M, et al. Chronic illness with complexity: implications for performance measurement of optimal glycemic control. J Gen Intern Med. 2007;22(suppl 3):408-418.
33. Lau DT, Nau DP. Oral antihyperglycemic medication nonadherence and subsequent hospitalization among individuals with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2004;27:2149-2153.
34. Bice TW, Boxerman SB. A quantitative measure of continuity of care. Med Care. 1977;15:347-349.
35. Diehr P, Yanez D, Ash A, et al. Methods for analyzing health care utilization and costs. Annu Rev Public Health. 1999;20:125-144.
36. Health Promotion Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare, ROC (Taiwan). Diabetes prevention and future in Taiwan. Available at: http://www.hpa.gov.tw/English/file/ContentFile/200803260528051093/Diabetes% 20Prevention%20and%20Future%20in%20Taiwan.pdf. Accessed March 5, 2014.
37. Taiwanese Association of Diabetes Educators, ROC (Taiwan). List of diabetes health promotion organizations. Available at: https://www. tade.org.tw/place/health.asp. Accessed September 28, 2014.
38. Li CL, Lin NY, Wang HH, et al. A population study on changes in diabetes self-care behaviors in Taiwan between 2001 and 2005. Prev Med. 2010;50:308-309.
39. Chang RE, Lin SP, Aron DC. A pay-for-performance program in Taiwan improved care for some diabetes patients, but doctors may have excluded sicker ones. Health Aff (Millwood). 2012;31:93-102.
40. Houle SK, McAlister FA, Jackevicius CA, et al. Does performancebased remuneration for individual health care practitioners affect patient care?: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med. 2012;157:889-899.
41. Haggerty JL, Reid RJ, Freeman GK, et al. Continuity of care: a multidisciplinary review. BMJ. 2003;327:1219-1221.
42. Lin CC, Lai MS, Syu CY, et al. Accuracy of diabetes diagnosis in health insurance claims data in Taiwan. J Formos Med Assoc. 2005;104: 157-163.