Acupuncture for schizophrenia

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

Volumn 2014, Issue 10, 2014, Pages

  Shen, Xiaohong ^a   Xia, Jun ^b   Adams, Clive E ^b  

^a SHANGHAI UNIVERSITY OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE   (China)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARIPIPRAZOLE; BENZODIAZEPINE; CHLORPROMAZINE; CHOLINERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CLOZAPINE; NEUROLEPTIC AGENT; PLACEBO; PROPRANOLOL; RISPERIDONE; TRIHEXYPHENIDYL;

ACUPUNCTURE; AKATHISIA; BLURRED VISION; CHINESE MEDICINE; ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY; EXTRAPYRAMIDAL SYMPTOM; HEADACHE; HUMAN; INSOMNIA; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; KIDNEY DISEASE; MYOTONIA; NAUSEA; ODYNOPHAGIA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOSIS; REVIEW; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SKIN INFECTION; SOMNOLENCE; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; TACHYCARDIA; THERAPY EFFECT; TREMOR; VOMITING; XEROSTOMIA; META ANALYSIS; MULTIMODALITY CANCER THERAPY; PROCEDURES; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC);

ACUPUNCTURE THERAPY; ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS; COMBINED MODALITY THERAPY; HUMANS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS AS TOPIC; SCHIZOPHRENIA;

EID: 84921985872     PISSN: None     EISSN: 1469493X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD005475.pub2     Document Type: Review

References (111)

1. Sun L, Zhang H, Xia S, Gong F, Wang J, Guo M, et al.Control study of hallucinations of schizophrenia by the acupoint catgut treatment [Chinese Source]. Practical Clinical Journal of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine [Chinese Source] 2005;5(6):5-6.
2. Wang J, Ye Y. Effective analysis of Tinggong embedding catgut method combining with antipsychotics on auditory hallucinations treatment [Chinese Source]. Chinese Journal of Psychiatry 1997;30(4):202.
3. Pan Y, Wang J, Liu S, Wu C, Wang L, Shen L. Treatment for schizophrenia patients with acupoint injection [Chinese Source]. Journal of Taishan Medical College 2002;23(2):128-30.
4. Pan Y, Wu C, Pan Y. A control study of schizophrenia patients according to types [Chinese Source]. Journal of the Handan Medical College 2003;16(6):493-4.
5. Pan Y, Pan Y, Wu C, Li M. A follow-up study of schizophrenia patients treated by acupuncture and drug [Chinese Source]. Health Psychology Journal 2002;10(6):456-7.
6. Wang G, Ji R, Pei G. The control study of injection of clonazepami into T'ingkung for refractory auditory hallucination of schizophrenia [Chinese Source]. Journal of Clinical Psychosomatic Diseases [Chinese Source] 2000;6(3):143-4.
7. Yang S, Liu G. Observation on intractable auditory hallucination treated by injecting sulpiride into acupoints [Chinese Source]. Journal of Practical Traditional Chinese Medicine 2000;16(7):24-5.
8. Xue C, Wang J, Tang M. Comparative study of spinal fractures in electric acupuncture convulsive therapy, electroconvulsive therapy and epilepsy [Chinese Source]. Chinese Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry [Chung Hua Shen Ching Ching Shen Ko Tsa Chih] 1987;20(6):346-9.
9. Chen Z, Song H, Wen N. [Title only available in Chinese characters] [Chinese Source]. Modern Journal of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine 2006;15(13):1776-7.
10. Chen K, Li D, Ye L. The effect of electric acupuncture combined with aripiprazole in treating negative symptoms of schizophrenia [Chinese Source]. Medical Journal of Chinese People's Health [Chinese Source] 2008;20(1):7-10.
11. Bai X. An 8-week randomized study of acupuncture in the treatment of auditory hallucinations in refractory and non-refractory schizophrenic patients. Stanley Foundation Research Programs. China, 2002.
12. Cheng J, Wang G, Xiao L, Wang H, Wang X, Li C. Electro-acupuncture versus sham electro-acupuncture for auditory hallucinations in patients with schizophrenia: a randomized controlled trial. Clinical Rehabilitation 2009;23(7):579-88.
13. Cui G, Wang P. The clinical study of combining electrostimulation and chlorpromazine in schizophrenia [Chinese Source]. Modern Journal of Integrated Chinese Traditional and Western Medicine 2000;9(16):1536-7.
14. Ding G, Ling F, Zhang J. [only Chinese Title available] [Chinese Source]. Modern Journal of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine 2005;14(1):53-4.
15. Wang P, Wang X, Li X, Wu X, Duan D. Controlled studies on combination of electroacupuncture and risperidone in negative symptoms of schizophrenia [Chinese Source]. Liaoning Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2005;32(7):710-1.
16. Xiong D, Liu L, Yi Y, Ye F. Observation on the therapeutic effect of electroacupuncture combined with small dose of clozapine in clinical treatment of refractory schizophrenia [Chinese Source]. Chen Tzu Yen Chiu / Acupuncture Research 2010;35(2):134-7. [MEDLINE: 20626147]
17. Yao F, Sun F, Zhang Z. Short-term curative effect of electroacupuncture as an adjunctive treatment on schizophrenia [Chinese Source]. Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine 2006;26(3):253-5. [MEDLINE: 16613275]
18. Wu T. Personal Communication 2008.
19. Zhang L, Tang Y, Zhu W, Xu S. Comparative study of schizophrenia treatment with electroacupuncture, herbs and chlorpromazine. Chinese Medical Journal 1987;100:152-7.
20. Zhang L, Xu S, Tang Y, Zhu W. A comparative study of the treatment of schizophrenia with electric acupuncture, herbal decoction and chlorpromazine. American Journal of Acupuncture 1990;18(1):11-4. [MEDLINE: 99343121;: PMID 10416732]
21. Zhang B, Meng S, Yu J, Quan C, Li W, Sun H, et al.A controlled study of therapeutic effects of computer-controlled electric acupuncture treatment on refractory schizophrenia. World Journal of Acupuncture-Moxibustion 1993;3(4):3-9.
22. Zhang B, Meng S, Yu J, Quan C, Li W, Sun H, et al.Clinical therapeutic effect of mentality electroacupuncture on schizophrenia [Chinese Source]. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion 1994;17(1):17-20. [: MEDI9402]
23. Zhang Y, Shao H, Zhao X, Liu W, He J, Chai L, et al.The clinical efficacy with intelligent electro-acupuncture of treating schizophrenia with depressive symptoms [Chinese Source]. Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medical Science 2001;10(1):44-5. [: MEDI0104]
24. Zhou G, Jin S, Zhang L. Comparative clinical study on the treatment of schizophrenia with electroacupuncture and reduced doses of antipsychotic drugs. American Journal of Acupuncture 1997;25(1):25-31. [: 153rd Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association [CD-ROM]: MARATHON Multimedia, 2000 NR80]
25. Liu Z, Wang Y, Zhang S, He A, Chen Y, Liu X. Therapeutic effect of He-Ne laser irradiation of point erman in schizophrenic auditory hallucination--a clinical assessment. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan / sponsored by All-China Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine 1986;6(4):253-6. [PUBMED: 3600018]
26. Ma Z, Li X, Lv Y. A control study of auditory hallucination treated with point-stimulating therapy of helium neon [Chinese Source]. Sichuan Mental Health [Chinese Source] 1999;12(2):90-1.
27. Zhang B, Quan C, Yu J, Li W, Sun H, Liu S, et al.A controlled study of clinical therapeutic effects of laser acupuncture for schizophrenia [Chinese Source]. Chung Hua Shen Ching Ching Shen Ko Tsa Chi (Chinese Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry) 1991;24(2):81-3, 124. [MEDLINE: 91317070;: PMID 1860386]
28. Bouhlel S, El-Hechmi S, Ghanmi L, Ghaouar M, Besbes C, Khaled M, et al.Effectiveness of acupuncture in treating schizophrenia: A clinical randomised trial about 31 patients. Tunisie Medicale 2011;89(10):774-8.
29. Liu X. Clinical observation of acupuncture treatment in 50 schizophrenia with refractory auditory hallucinations [Chinese Source]. Shanghai Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine [Shang Hai Zhong Yi Yao Za Zhi][Chinese Source] 2010;7:621-4.
30. Luo C, Zhou W. Study of acupuncture adjunctive therapy on type II syndrome of schizophrenia [Chinese Source]. Modern Journal of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine 2006;15(2):148-9.
31. Ma L, Zhang E, Lu S. Control study of acupuncture combining with risperidone for schizophorenia [Chinese Source]. Medical Journal of Chinese People's Health [Chinese Source] 2008;20(17):1981.
32. Tang Y, Huang Q, Guo J. Clinical analysis of acupuncture for auditory hallucinations [Chinese Source]. Chinese Journal of Current Traditional and Western Medicine 2005;3(5):431-2.
33. Tang Y, Huang Q, Li H, Wen Y, Guo J. Clinical analysis of acupuncture in the treatment of phonism [Chinese Source] 2007;15(4):367.
34. Wang L, Xie Y. Clinical study of acupuncture for hebephrenic schizophrenia [Chinese Source]. Journal of Clinical Acupuncture and Moxibustion 2006;22(9):12-4.
35. Xu T, Diao H, Xu P, Gan H, Sun Z, Xu L, et al.Clinical study on acupuncture combined with small dose of antipsychotics for treatment of 40 cases of schizophrenia [Chinese Source]. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine [Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan][Chinese Source] 2004;45(1):22-5.
36. Zhao Y. Acupuncture Is It Recover Health Capsule Trear Schizophrenia and Influence to Patient's Blood Free Radical Supersession to Share Doctoral Dissertation of Heilongjiang University of TCM 2005.
37. Zhao Y. Acupuncture Is It Recover Health Capsule Trear Schizophrenia and Influence to Patient's Blood Free Radical Supersession to Share Doctoral Dissertation of Heilongjiang University of TCM 2005.
38. Luo C, Zhang Y, Xiong K, Zhou W. A study of acupunncture on prevent side - effect caused by antipsychotics Journal of the Yunnan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2006;29(3):27-8.
39. Ma H, Guo Y, Fan H, Li Y, Yue S. [Title only available in Chinese characters] [Chinese Source]. Proceedings of the 7th Psychiatry Conference of the Society of Intergreted Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine. 2002:213-6.
40. Yang S, Guo Y, Yue S. [Title only available in Chinese characters] [Chinese Source]. Medical Journal of Chinese People's Health [Chinese Source] 2003;15(10):630-1.
41. Ma L. [Title only available in Chinese characters] [Chinese Source]. MSc dissertation submitted to the Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China 2004.
42. Ma L, Gu S, Zhang X. Effect of electroacupuncture at baihui and shenting on cognitive function of patients with convalescent schizophrenia. Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation 2005;9(4):99-101.
43. Sun Z, Wu H, Sun Y, Zhao A. Observation on treatment of 350 cases of schizophrenia with electroacupuncture and acupoint-injection. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion 1994, issue S1:53-4.
44. Wu C, Li M. A study of acupuncture point injection in the treatment of schizophrenia. Chinese General Practice [Chinese Source] 2004;7(19):1382-4.
45. Xiong D, Yi Y, Zhu X, Hu W. Controlled study on therapeutic effects of electroacupuncture and modified electroconvulsive therapy on catatonic schizophrenia [Chinese Source]. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion 2009;29(10):804-6. [MEDLINE: 19873916]
46. Xue C, Xie H, Ruan Q, Cheng Y, Liu D. Electric acupuncture convulsive therapy. Convulsive Therapy 1985;1(4):242-51. [MEDLINE: 94072826;: PMID 8251722]
47. Zhong H, Feng X, Luo H, Jia Y, Zhao X. Comparative observation on treatment of psychosis with electrode and electro-acupuncture controlled by processors. World Journal Acupuncture-Moxibustion 1995;5(3):24-7. [: MEDI95S5]
48. Zhuge D, Chen J. Comparison between electro-acupuncture with chlorpromazine and chlorpromazine alone in 60 schizophrenic patients. Chung-Kuo Chung Hsi i Chieh Ho Tsa Chih 1993;13(7):408-9. [MEDLINE: 94072826;: PMID 8251722]
49. NCT01167348 . The effectiveness of auricular acupressure on bodybweight parameters on patients with schizophrenia. http://ClinicalTrials.gov/show/NCT01167348 2010.
50. Adams EC, Awad G, Rathbone J, Thornley B. Chlorpromazine versus placebo for schizophrenia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2007, Issue 2. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000284]
51. Alderson P, Green S, Higgins JPT. Cochrane Reviewers' Handbook 4.2.2 [updated December 2003]. The Cochrane Library. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2004. [: In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 1, 2004. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.]
52. Altman DG, Bland JM. Detecing skewness from summary information. BMJ 1996;313:1200. [: OLZ020600]
53. Andreasen NC. Negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Definition and reliability. Archives of General Psychiatry 1982;39:784-8.
54. Bland JM. Statistics notes. Trials randomised in clusters. BMJ 1997;315:600.
55. Boissel JP, Cucherat M, Li W, Chatellier G, Gueyffier F, Buyse M, et al.The problem of therapeutic efficacy indices. 3. Comparison of the indices and their use [Apercu sur la problematique des indices d'efficacite therapeutique, 3: comparaison des indices et utilisation. Groupe d'Etude des Indices D'efficacite]. Therapie 1999;54(4):405-11. [PUBMED: 10667106]
56. Chen Y. Chines Classification of Mental Disorders (CCMD-3): Towards Integration in International Classification. Psychopathology 2002;35(2-3):171-5.
57. Deeks J. Issues in the selection for meta-analyses of binary data. Proceedings of the 8th International Cochrane Colloquium; 2000 Oct 25-28; Cape Town. Cape Town: The Cochrane Collaboration, 2000.
58. Divine GW, Brown JT, Frazier LM. The unit of analysis error in studies about physicians' patient care behavior. Journal of General Internal Medicine 1992;7(6):623-9.
59. Donner A, Klar N. Issues in the meta-analysis of cluster randomized trials. Statistics in Medicine 2002;21:2971-80.
60. Egger M, Davey-Smith G, Schneider M, Minder CSO. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ 1997;13:629-34.
61. Elbourne D, Altman DG, Higgins JPT, Curtina F, Worthingtond HV, Vaile A. Meta-analyses involving cross-over trials: methodological issues. International Journal of Epidemiology 2002;31(1):140-9.
62. Ernst E, A White. Prospective studies of the safety of acupuncture: a systematic review. American Journal of Medicine 2001;110:481-5.
63. Fan F, Hong X, Song J. Research and prospect on laser acupuncture [Chinese Source]. Laser Journal 2010;31(5):58-9.
64. Furukawa TA, Barbui C, Cipriani A, Brambilla P, Watanabe N. Imputing missing standard deviations in meta-analyses can provide accurate results. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 2006;59(7):7-10.
65. Gulliford MC. Components of variance and intraclass correlations for the design of community-based surveys and intervention studies: data from the Health Survey for England 1994. American Journal of Epidemiology 1999;149:876-83.
66. Guo Y, Shi Y, Li Y, Liu Y, Zhang Y. Research progress of Traditional Chinese Medicine on schizophrenia treatment [Chinese Source]. Modern Journal of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine 2010;19(27):3543-5.
67. Guy W, Bonato RR, eds . Clinical global impressions. Manual for the ECDEU Assessment Battery 2. Rev ed. National Institute of Mental Health, 1970.
68. Guy W. ECDEU Assessment Manual for Psychopharmacology (DOTES: Dosage Record and Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale). Rockville: National Institute of Mental Health, 1976.
69. Haddock G, McCarron J, Tarrier N, Faragher EB. Scale to measure dimensions of hallucinations and delusions: the psychotic symptom rating scales (PSYRATS). Psychological Medicine 1999;29(4):879-89.
70. Hamilton M. Development of a rating scale for primary depressive illness. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 1967;4(Dec, 6):278-96.
71. Higgins JP, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ 2003;327:557-60.
72. Higgins JPT, Green S (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.0.2 [updated September 2011]. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011. Available from www.cochrane-handbook.org.
73. Hutton Jane L. Number needed to treat and number needed to harm are not the best way to report and assess the results of randomised clinical trials. British Journal of Haematology 2009;146(1):27-30.
74. Kaptchuk TJ. Acupuncture: theory, efficacy, and practice. American College of Physicians - American Society of Internal Medicine 2002;136:374-83.
75. Kay SR, Opler LA, Fiszbein A. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) Manual. North Tonawanda, NY: Multi-Health Systems, 1986.
76. Lee S. From diversity to unit. The classification of mental disorders in 21st-century China. Psychiatric Clinics of North America 2001;24(3):421-31.
77. Lee MS, Shin BC, Ronan P, Ernst E. Acupuncture for schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Clinical Practice 2009;63(11):1622-33. [PUBMED: 19832819]
78. Leucht S, Kane JM, Kissling W, Hamann J, Etschel E, Engel RR. What does the PANSS mean?. Schizophrenia Research 2005;79(2-3):231-8. [PUBMED: 15982856]
79. Leucht S, Kane JM, Kissling W, Hamann J, Etschel E, Engel R. Clinical implications of brief psychiatric rating scale scores. British Journal of Psychiatry 2005;187:366-71. [PUBMED: 16199797]
80. Leucht S, Engel RR, Bauml J, Davis JM. Is the superior efficacy of new generation antipsychotics an artifact of LOCF?. Schizophrenia Bulletin 2007;33(1):183-91. [PUBMED: 16905632]
81. Li J. Research progress of placebo method in acupuncture clinical trials [Chinese Source]. Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2009;25(1):53-4.
82. Lu W, Shi J, Zhou X, Chen F. Effective observation of body acupuncture combine with auricular acupuncture to treat schizophrenia refractory auditory hallucinations [Chinese Source]. Sichuan Mental Health 2006;19(4):236-7.
83. MacPherson H, Thomas K, Walters S, Fitter M. The York acupuncture safety study: prospective survey of 34 000 treatments by traditional acupuncturists. 2001 BMJ;323(Sept):486-7.
84. MacPherson H, Altman DG, Hammerschlag R, Youping L, Taixiang W, White A, et al.STRICTA Revision Group. Revised STandards for Reporting Interventions in Clinical Trials of Acupuncture (STRICTA): extending the CONSORT statement. Acupuncture in Medicine 2010;28:83-93.
85. Marshall M, Lockwood A, Bradley C, Adams C, Joy C, Fenton M. Unpublished rating scales: a major source of bias in randomised controlled trials of treatments for schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry 2000;176:249-52.
86. Meng S, Lv J, Wen X. Recent state on clinical application of acupoint catgut treatment [Chinese Source]. Shanxi Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2012;28(2):56-8.
87. Zhu Ming. The Medical Classics of the Yellow Emperor. Beijing: Foreign Language Press, 2001.
88. Moher D, Schulz KF, Altman D. The CONSORT statement: revised recommendations for improving the quality of reports of parallel-group randomized trials. JAMA 2001;285:1987-91.
89. Beecroft N, Rampes H. Review of acupuncture for schizophrenia. Acupuncture in Medicine 1997;15:91-4.
90. Overall JE, Gorham DR. The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Psychological Reports 1962;10:799-812.
91. Rathbone J, Zhang L, Zhang M, Xia J, Liu X, Yang Y. Chinese herbal medicine for schizophrenia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2005, Issue 4. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003444]
92. Rattehalli RD, Jayaram MB, Smith M. Risperidone versus placebo for schizophrenia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2010, Issue 1. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006918.pub2]
93. Schünemann HJ, Oxman AD, Vist GE, Higgins JPT, Deeks JJ, Glasziou P, et al.Chapter 12: Interpreting results and drawing conclusions. In: Higgins JPT, Green S editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2008:359-83.
94. Shi X. Science of Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Beijing: Chinese Publishing House of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2007.
95. Shi J, Zhou X, Gao M, Wang P. Status of acupuncture for schizophrenia [Chinese Source]. Medical Journal of National Defending Forces in North China 2010;22(4):100-2.
96. Simon JD, Douglas GA. Blinding in clinical trials and other studies. BMJ 2000;321:19-26.
97. Simpson GM, Angus JWS. A rating scale for extrapyramidal side effects. Acta Psychoiatrica Scandinavica 1970;212:11-9.
98. Tang Z, Chen H. Research progress of effects and mechanism of acupoint injection [Chinese Source]. Zhejiang JITCWM 2010;20(2):119-20.
99. The Psychosis Professional Committee of Chinese Integrative Medicine Association. The standard of integrative medicine syndrome type of schizophrenia [Chinese Source]. Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 1988;8(2):127.
100. Ukoumunne OC, Gulliford MC, Chinn S, Sterne JAC, Burney PGJ. Methods for evaluating area-wide and organistation-based intervention in health and health care: a systematic review. Health Technology Assessment 1999;3(5):1-75.
101. Wang Y. Overview of Chinese Medicine and acupuncture for schizophrenia [Chinese Source]. Yunnan Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Materia Medica 2007;28(10):54-5.
102. Xia J, Adams CE, Bhagat N, Bhagat V, Bhoopathi P, El-Sayeh H, et al.Loss to outcomes stakeholder survey: the LOSS study. Psychiatric Bulletin 2009;33(7):254-7.
103. Xu X. The English-Chinese Encyclopedia of Practical Traditional Chinese Medicine. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 1991.
104. Xu T, Su J. Clinical status and thinking of acupuncture for schizophrenia [Chinese Source]. CJITWM 2010;30(11):1130-2.
105. Yang Z, Zheng Q, Li Y, Wu X. Overview of adoption and research of sham acupuncture in acupuncture clinical research [Chinese Source]. Journal of New Chinese Medicine 2009;41(3):93-5.
106. Yang Y, Wei Y, Wang Y, Yin L, Xu Y, Liu Y. Current status and fundamental strategies for clinical research on acupuncture and moxibustion [Chinese Source]. Shanghai Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2012;46(1):7-10.
107. Zhang B, Meng S, Yu J, Quan C, Li W, Sun H, et al.A controlled study of therapeutic effects of computer-controlled electric acupuncture treatment on refractory schizophrenia. World Journal of Acupuncture-Moxibustion 1993;3(4):3-9.
108. Zhang J. Current status of integrated traditional and Western medicine study on schizophrenia. Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine 1996;16(11):643-5.
109. Zhang Y, Lao L, Ceballos R. Acupuncture use among American adults: What acupuncture practitioners can learn from National Health Interview Survey 2007?. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2012. [DOI: 10.1155/2012/710750]
110. Zung WW. A self-rating depression scale. Archives of General Psychiatry 1965;12:63-70.
111. Rathbone J, Xia J. Acupuncture for schizophrenia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2005, Issue 4. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD005475]